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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (June 21, 1963)
PACE -A HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Ore. Friday, June SI, 196 EPSON IN WASHINGTON . . . Distribution Key To World Food Problem jdiiDtwaL (paqsL School Prayer Decision 'Sorry, Fido, But We Can't Control His Appetite!" It is wholly natural and understandable that the response to so profound a ruling as the Supreme Court's decision in the school prayer cases should reflect deep divisions within the country. Many legal scholars say that the high court's prime function is to try to settle the great, devisive issues that otherwise might tear our society apart. The court docs not create these divisions. It simply attempts to ', .deal with them when they appear. '.-"; On its face, the relation between church and government is now and always has been a potentially disruptive question. Human feel ings on the subject of religions are strong. No less strong are the words of the U.S. Consti tution declaring that church and state shall be kept separate, and religious freedom shall be assured to all persons. In the current controversy, complaint comes from citizens who say that freedom has been abridged by state or city laws which require the reading of the Bible and the Lord's Prayer by school pupils. One of the complainants has no religion, the other is a Unitarian and docs not accept all parts of the Bible. The Supreme Court's decision that such religious practices do violate the Constitution has the endorsement of many, though far from all, religious organizations and leaders. It should be noted also that the U.S. ' court is not a pioneer in this field. Several state supreme courts, interpreting their own state constitutions on the subject of religious freedom, have handed down similar read ings. Many devoutly religious persons are quite reasonably concerned over the impact these rulings may have on the religious life of the country. In its newest decision the U.S. court has tried evidently with only partial success to convince the nation that it is not assail ing religion, but simply what it deems an im proper link between religion and government. (CLvatand Plain Dt-aUrl Broadcasting magazine reports that Rob 1 ort Taylor will play the part of a special as- :sis(ant in the Department of Health, Educa tion and Welfare in his new television series. ;' . Noting this, the Republican Congressional Committee's Newsletter has suggested, with ' tongue in cheek, that some of the more fa miliar TV shows might be adapted to the New Frontier, or vice versa. It thinks, for example, that "Young Dr. Cclebrezze" would be a smash hit. Other suggestions: For New Frontier The Mounting U.N. Crisis X ny THOMAS J. HAMILTON J-'.-ttn The New Vork Times! t-;the internal crisis confronting ; llw United Nations has now ' readied the int where its ef fectiveness as a peace-keeping or ganization is seriously threatened. Although the Soviet attacks on the organization are an outgrowth of Its dissatisfaction with the Unit ed Nations' Intervention in the Congo, other cold war disputes are not a (actor in the current difficul ties. ; Despite disagreements over ; methods, the United States, the Soviet Union and the neutralists wore all in favor of the decision last week to send United Nations '. observers to Yemen. Thus the dif ficulties confronting the organiza--tion arc a medley of intricate constitutional and financial prob lems. Dut this does not diminish their gravity. Tlie outcome may have a decis ive bearing on the Soviet Union's attempt to reduce the organization to the status of a debating soci ety, without the flexibility which enabled It to art so energetically In the Suei and Congo crises. Two developments last week demonstrated that the Soviet Un ion is making headway in its campaign. Idi Observers were not sent to Vcmon until, as Die Soviet Union Bad demanded. Ihe Security Colin til had given Its authorization. Equally important, Moscow won out in Its campaign for Security Council endorsement of the ar rangement whereby Uie United Arab Republic and Saudi Arabia, the two contestants in Yemen, would split the cost of the observ er operation. 12) A surprising number of Latin-American, Asian and Alrican delegates indicated their agree ment with the Soviet claim that a member two years In arrears retained its vote In lite General Assembly unless a two-thirds ma jority votes in favor of enforcing the pertinent provision of Ihe Char ier, Until now it had been taken , for granted that Ihe penalty (or TV's New Frontier non-payment would be imposed automatically when the Soviet Un ion became liable to Ihe rule next year. The (ireater Threat In (lie long run, the consequenc es of tlie Security Council resolu tion on Yemen are probably the greater threat to tlie United Na tions. Following Its unvarying cus tom, Moscow asked much more than It expected to get. It demand ed a Council resolution detailing the arrangements (or paying for tlie observers and providing for Iheir withdrawal after two months the maximum period for which the United Arab Republic has agreed to pay. Never before in llie history of the Security Council, whether it was sending nut commissions, ob servers, peace-keeping (orces or, as in the ease of Korea, a com bat army, has it concerned itself with tlie cost. If the Soviet Union's proposed resolution had been adopted. Mos cow would have obtained valuable support for the now doctrine de vised to justify Its relusal to pay tlie assessments for the Congo and Middle Eastern forces. This, as explained last week by Nikolai T. Fedorcnko. is that only tlie Secur ity Council has tlie right to send out observers or military (orces o any kind, and that the money to pay (or them can be provided solely by the Council or with its explicit authorization. However, llie resolution adopt ed by the Council, which was sponsored by Ghana and Morocco as a "compromise," gave the Hus sions almost everything they asked: I)y endorsing tlie finan cial arrangements the Council as serted its Jurisdiction over all phases of the Yemen project. It is tlie universal expectation " that the Soviet Union will Insist, again and again and again, that tins is a precedent demonstrating that the Security Council accept ed tlie Russian position. A number o( delegates believe, therefore, that the United States and other A striking dissent comes from Dean Er win N. Griswold of the Harvard Law School. Anticipating the court's latest ruling, and commenting on its 1962 decision in the cele brated New York case, he says the court is construing the Constitution's language in far. too rigid "absolutist" terms. He argues that the founding fathers meant to bar establishment of a state-supported church, but not to expunge from the nation's life all signs and ceremonies of re ligious nature. Griswold contends further that anyone who objects to school prayers, Bible reading or other such practices can preserve his free dom simply by declining to take part. He says the person who does this must accept the mi nority status this places him in and yet has a right to expect the tolerance of others. The high court says in reply that even wiien a law excuses those who do not wish to participate, it is still coercive and puts a stig ma on the objectors. In the cases just decided, it is also a fact that tolerance by the majority was sadly breached. The complainant in Baltimore has seen her son abused physically many times, her home and car often attacked, herself re fused work. The Unitarian in Pennsylvania has been subject to violent, sometimes obscene written abuse. That these things were done in the very name of religious faith perhaps illustrates perfectly the gravity of the problem the court has tried to solve. The court cannot and should not attempt to reconcile religious differences. It does have a responsibility for keeping government neu tral In the matter. Many religious leaders agree that the fostering of faith is the busi ness of church and family without help from public schools or any other government source. We find, ourselves in general agreement with this attitude. news managers, "I've Got a Secret;" for Soapy Williams, a starring role in "Bold Journey;" for Dean Rusk, mystery guest on "What's My Line?;" for Lyndon Johnson, "I Led Three Lives;" for the Kennedy family, "Father Knows Best;" for President Kenne dy's economic advisers, "The Three Stooges;" and for Jimmy Hoffa, "The Untouchable." The newsletter fears it would be impossible to find authentic New Frontier characters to star in "To Tell the Truth." But It suggests the entire case could be included in a spec tacular called "The Too Late Show." Western members, of the Council should have rejected the "com promise" and taken tlie issue to the General Assembly, whose jur isdiction over such interventions has not been contested until now. The Veto Available In addition to its efforts to re vive the finality of tlie Soviet veto, the Soviet Union is attempting to impose a "financial veto" by llie. simple process of holding back the money necessary tu keep the United Nations solvent. In this atmosphere the Soviet Union's veiled threats to boycott the General Assembly, or even leave the United Nations, it Mos cow does not have its way on the financial question, has had a considerable effect. Whether Mos cow is serious is the question. Krcnilinologists have felt lor years that the Soviet Union would never rocat its mistake in i',150. wlien its absence from the Secur ity Council made possible the Unit ed Nations dclense of South Ko rea. Moreover, they have lelt that the United Nations is so useful as a propaganda forum that tlie So viet Union would never leave. These calculations might he up set, however. If tlie United Slates and oilier Western powers go ahead w ith tlieir plan to take aw ay Ihe Soviet Union's Assembly vole next ye.ir, and the majority sup ports them although it is by no means certain that it will do so. Faced with such a humiliation, Ihe Soviet Union might quit, and in that case a number of neu. tralist members would probably get out, loo. The outcome appear to depend on the response of tlie rank-and-file members. If they make it clear that Ihe Charter will he en forced, regardless of who is af fected. tlie Soviet Union can lie expected lo back down. But the attitude taken by a 'number of Ihe small powers raises tlie ques tion whether they will act with the necessary determination when tlie decision is taken next year on tlie Soviet arrears. : -rav- - assess rr-vu- .Tv t.v - , j s 4 Civil Rights Fight Looms By DAVID LAWRENCE (In The Oregon Journal) WASHINGTON - President Kennedy addressed the nation last Tuesday night on the subject of wide-spread disturbances over racial questions. The same broad casting facilities which were fur nished to tlie President, at the request of the White House, were not given to a spokesman of the opposition viewpoint in Congress for his side of the controversy. Tlie country is fortunate, of course, in having newspapers available in which comments and rebuttal can be printed. Four newspapers in big cities in the North which this correspondent saw on Thursday did have brief reports to tell the public that Sen. Richard B. Russell. D-Ga., chair man of In. Senate Armed Services Committee and an outstanding leader of the Democratic parly in the South, had read to IK as sembled senators a statement which they had approved. ' Russell announced his opitosi lion to Ihe President's "civil rights" program, but more impor tant than this was his charge Uiat the President has. in a sense, encouraged street demonstrations By SYDNEY J. HARRIS Looking through the spring issue of tlie "Antioch Review," 1 ran across a reference in one article to "what name Ulysses assumed when he went among the wom en" Upon reading this, I promptly inserted a sheet of paper in my typewriter and addressed a brisk admonitory note to the editor of the magazine, informing him that It was Achilles, rather than Ulys ses, that the author meant. I mailed the letter olf just as promptly. Shortly afterwards, the unpleas. ant Uiought occurred to me Uiat this was exactly the kind of reac tion I most dislike in many of my own readers. They will write: "I' have enjoyed your column for many years, but in the issue of so-and-so you quoted Mon taigne when you meant Pas cal. . . ." Certainly, errors should be called to one's attention but did I ever lake pen in hand to tell the editor of tlie "Antioch He view" how much I enjoyed the essay on posilivistic philosophy, or existential Motion, or the short story 1 read with much pleasure? No. I did not. I patiently wait, ed until I caught a hasty au thor and a careless editor in a minor error and then I pounced with my superior knowledge, to make them leel that here was a reader who coukl not lie found napping That we are motivated by neca live rather than by positive forces is one of t h e most dis couraging aspects of the human animal We will not lilt a pen to praise a writer who has grat ified us tor years, but tlie moment we disagree, or are rubbed the wrong way. or detect an error of fact i which may very well he typographical', we rush pell-mell to the desk and send off a snide little note, as I did to the magi line editor. The pleasure of pulling some one els down is one we are enormously reluctant to relin quish. Some personalities are so distorted. In fact, that they can instead o( repressing them. He de clared: "The President's speech ap pealed eloquently to the emotions but completely disregarded rea son, human experience and true equality under the Constitution. "The (act that every citizen has the same right lo own and operate a swimming pool or din ing hall constitutes equality. The use o( federal power to force the owner of a dining hall or swimming pool to unwillingly ac cept those of a diflerent race as guests creates a new and special right for Negroes in derogation of the property rights of all of our people lo own and control tlie fruits of their labor, and ingenuity- "The outstanding distinction be tween a government of free men and a socialistic or communistic state is tlie fact that (ice men can own and control property, whereas sialism denies proper ty rights. . . . "Our American system has al ways rejected the idea that one group of citizens may deprive another of legal rights in property by process of agitation, demon straUons. intimidation, law de fiance and civil disobedience. . . STRICTLY PERSONAL identify themselves only in terms of what they dniike and feel su perior to: all bicotry. at bottom, is a way of pushing some group into the mock and exclaiming how dirty they are! Appreciation, freely given, is one of the outstanding marks of a generous character. I am noi talking about compliments, which are social in nature and cxis. on a quid pro quo basis bill about a voluntary expression of gratitude for pleasures we nor nwlly take for granted. Only when the pleasure stops for a moment, or reverses itself, are we prompted to react in a nega tive manner. Whether it was Ulysses or Achilles or Ajax made absolutely no difference lo the author's point. What made a difierence as my alacrity in pointing the finger of blame, and my in ertia in penning the praisoful note I should have written many months ago. BERRY'S WORLD "Unit hurt, Charli,! If tt build "The highest office of the land should symbolize rescct for law, whether it be legally enacted or dinances of the meanest hamlet in the land or the written word of our national charter the Con stitution. "I w-as, therefore, shocked to hear the President justify, if not encourage, the present wave of muss demonstrations, accompan ied by the practices of sitting or lying in public streets and block ing traffic; forming human walls before the doors of legal business es and assaulting with deadly wea pons officers of the law whose only olfense was undertaking to maintain order and protect private property. "The South has its shortcom ings as well as other areas. But a calculated campaign waged by llie metropolitan press, television and radio has magnified the un fortunate occurrences in the South while crimes of violence in other areas have been minimized. This has generated bitterness and ha tred against the white people of the Southern states almost amounting to a national disease. II is also encouraging a condition bordering on anarchy in many communities. These terrible condi tions are sure to further deterio rate with increasing disorder un less Ihe President of the United States desists from using threats of mass violence lo rush his social-equality legislation through the Congress. . . . "I believe in equality before the law for every American. In equal measure. 1 reject the idea tliat federal power may be in voked to compel the mingling .' Ihe races in social activities to achieve the nebulous aim of social equality. "Every Negro citizen possesses every legal right that is possessed by any white citizen, but there is nothing in either live constitution or Judaeo-Chrislian principles or common sense and reason which would compel one citizen to share his rights with one of another race at Ihe same place and at the same time. Such compulsion would amount lo a complete de nial of the inalienable rights of the individual to choose or se lect his associates. . . . "The President's legislative piosals are clearly destructive ol the American system and tlie constitutional rights of American ulizcns. I shall oppose them with every means and resource at my command. I do not believe a ma jority ol tlie Congress will be frightened hv thinly veiled threats of violence " 7iii; .l.K build pstio. I'll JI0." By PETER EDSON Washington Correspondent WASHINGTON (NE.M - The 10o-nation World Food Congress of 1,200 delegates winds up two weeks of talk in Washington with the adoption of a charter, recom mendations for future action and a final report from United Nations Food and Agriculture Organiza tion Director Gen. R. B. Sen. of India. Tlie food congress developed no sensational news that could com pete for front-page space with American race relations prob lems, the Profumo scandal in Britain, nuclear test ban nego tiations with the Russians, or all the other things happening in Eu-. rope. But it did develop solid news which assures that hunger and malnutrition can be wiped o.'f the face of the earth if human beings arc sensible enough to use available resources. There is enough arable land available lo grow all the food needed by the six billion people 'double the present population' who are exjiccted to inhabit the earth in 2000 A D. There lis a reserve of virgin land on which more food can be grown to feed the rapidly in creasing populations of Latin America and Africa. In Asia, with its tremendous population, the problem is one of increasing productivity by intensive agri culture, such as Japan's, where there is little idle acreage. No one reported to the food congress that the world would soon have to go on a diet of algae, which would have been first page news. But it was recognized that a scientific breakthrough on photosynthesis the chemical process by which plants convert sunlight into living matter offers hope for food supplies in future centuries. Probably the most important finding of the food congress was that the great requirement to insure that the world is well fed is more education for producers and consumers alike. More than half the population of the underdeveloped countries is illiterate. An illiterate farmer cannot be taught how to increase the pro WASHINGTON By FULTON LEWIS JR. Not even Larry O'Brien could salvage one of the President's pet projects which met stunning tfousc defeat last week. O'Brien, chief While House ex pert on Congressional arm-twisting, worked closely with Majority Leader Carl Albert to round up votes for expansion of the Area Redevelopment Agency. Until the very end, Messrs. O'Brien and Albert thought they had it sewed up. When the votes were tallied, however. S7 Demo crats, including several from Northern districts, had deserted llie leadership. Liberal Republicans, led by Manhattan's John Lindsay, re fused to go along with the ad ministration. Connecticut's Abner Sihal, New York's Ogden Reid. Massachusetts" Brad Morse, were all thought favorable to the ad ministration program. None were. Lindsay, who had enthusiastically backed previous AHA bills, rose "sadly" in oppo sition The program, he said, has b.'cn "stodgily and inefficiently I'dministered. It is weighted down with cumbersome red tape that makes the customaiy bureaucrat ic snarls look like a bed of roses." Republicans obviously agreed. Only l.i uut of PiT voting' sup ported the administration bill. ARA sKkesnxn boast that they have created 33.221! new jobs in Iheir first two years of opera tion Republicans took out their sli.le rules and discovered the jobs have cost taxpayers as much as S27.0UO apiece. Private indus try, says the Library of Congress, needs only SO.ono in capital in vestment for each job it cre ates. Opponents discovered tiie follow ing lads of AHA hie: -Agency officials dickered with foreign firms, asking them to set up branches in this country and coniete with American outfits. RA loaned a California lirm fca.ViMO to open a plywood mill, although local businessmen said there was not enough business to kvp existing m;lls open. A loan of MlR.nno was made to help lin.ince a Wisconsin plant that would manufacture paper towels, tissues, and napkins. Ex isting firms in llie area were op eiating at less than capacity. ARA has under consideration a loan of ! s million to build a sov bean processing firm in Mary land. Local businessmen say ex duction of his land by scientific methods. An illiterate consumer cannot be taught that from the time a child is weaned until it reaches maturity, it needs a bal anced diet with ample proteins. There is a world shortage of schools of agriculture and home economies, a shortage of teach ers (or Uiose schools, a shortage o( arm technicians to train (arm ors in the lield. Sjwaker after speaker at the World Food Congress emphasized there can be no freedom from hunger till there is freedom from ignorance. The big problem is just that simple and complicat ed. Perhaps the second most im portant problem laid before the food congress for the immediate future is disUibution of exist ing world (ood supplies and re sources so that they will do tlie most good. This means putting idle man power to work cultivating under developed acreage, as well as spreading the world's (ood sur pluses among developing coun tries that do not now grow enough ood to give their people an ade quate diet. The need or an international organization of countries that pro duce more food than they con sume w as stressed. The idea is to coordinate all aid programs (or maximum benefit. The use of surplus foods as par tial wage payments to workers on capital improvement proj ectssuch as power dams and ir rigation projects in developing countries was suggested as a curb to inflation in expanding economies. It was recognized Uiat there is a limit to tlie amount of money tliat can be invested profitably for bringing virgin land into pro duction or increasing crop yields on land now under primitive, in efficient cultivation. But representatives of develop ing countries pointed out that if one-fourth of Ihe money now spent by the major powers on arma ments could be diverted into in creasing food production, there would be more than enough capi tal to wipe out the hidden hunger now afflicting from a third to a half of the world's population. REPORT Area Redevelopment Plan Lacks Support isting plants can handle all avail able soy beans. AHA funds have gone to help build an Indiana plant to manu facture shoes. The plant, say re sonsible spokesmen of the Unit ed 'Shoe Workers, is competing w ith domestic, not foreign, manu facturers. According to Congress woman Florence Dwyer, New Jer sey Republican, the firm re fuses lo hire Negro workers. The ARA has marie two grants, totaling more than $40. 1)00. to the Bureau of the Census. Congressman William Widnall, Republican of New Jersey, says with tongue in cheek: "I had no idea thai the Bureau of the Cen sus, which employs more than 30. 000 workers, is an area of sub stantial unemployment." ARA made a substantial grant to Cayuga County. New York, to undertake a study to see if sugar beets could lie grown in the area's rocky terrain. Farmers through out the West and Midwest are rea dy to grow beets without any handouts from Uncle Sam. A major reason that Republi cans lined up solidly in opjwsi lion to the administration bill Is the widespread feeling that ARA loans have been used as political weapons In tlie 4'a months prior to the November, 19112 election. 100 ARA projects were approved and announced. Ol these. 78 were in Democratic districts. Of tlie 22 others, six went to Pennsylvania, where the President insisted that his ad ministration could work better with a Democratic governor. Four were in Massachusetts, where Ted Kennedy promised he could do more for you-knnw-who. , Four went to districts thai were involved in redisricting or where the incumbent had retired, throw ing the race ojien. One repre sents a case where notification of the award went to the Democrat ic candidate runninc against the ranking GOP member on t h e House Banking and Currency Committee. Only seven out of one hundred went to districts repre sented by Republicans up for re election. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 9 Which was the first oaf ei nl eoia to carry the motto "la .nd We Trust?" A - The 13H9 Lincoln cent.
