PACE -A
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Ore.
Friday, June SI, 196
EPSON IN WASHINGTON . . .
Distribution Key To
World Food Problem
jdiiDtwaL (paqsL
School Prayer Decision
'Sorry, Fido, But We Can't Control His Appetite!"
It is wholly natural and understandable
that the response to so profound a ruling as
the Supreme Court's decision in the school
prayer cases should reflect deep divisions
within the country.
Many legal scholars say that the high
court's prime function is to try to settle the
great, devisive issues that otherwise might
tear our society apart. The court docs not
create these divisions. It simply attempts to
', .deal with them when they appear.
'.-"; On its face, the relation between church
and government is now and always has been a
potentially disruptive question. Human feel
ings on the subject of religions are strong. No
less strong are the words of the U.S. Consti
tution declaring that church and state shall be
kept separate, and religious freedom shall
be assured to all persons.
In the current controversy, complaint
comes from citizens who say that freedom has
been abridged by state or city laws which
require the reading of the Bible and the
Lord's Prayer by school pupils.
One of the complainants has no religion,
the other is a Unitarian and docs not accept
all parts of the Bible.
The Supreme Court's decision that such
religious practices do violate the Constitution
has the endorsement of many, though far from
all, religious organizations and leaders.
It should be noted also that the U.S.
' court is not a pioneer in this field. Several
state supreme courts, interpreting their own
state constitutions on the subject of religious
freedom, have handed down similar read
ings. Many devoutly religious persons are quite
reasonably concerned over the impact these
rulings may have on the religious life of the
country. In its newest decision the U.S. court
has tried evidently with only partial success
to convince the nation that it is not assail
ing religion, but simply what it deems an im
proper link between religion and government.
(CLvatand Plain Dt-aUrl
Broadcasting magazine reports that Rob
1 ort Taylor will play the part of a special as-
:sis(ant in the Department of Health, Educa
tion and Welfare in his new television series.
;' . Noting this, the Republican Congressional
Committee's Newsletter has suggested, with
' tongue in cheek, that some of the more fa
miliar TV shows might be adapted to the New
Frontier, or vice versa. It thinks, for example,
that "Young Dr. Cclebrezze" would be a
smash hit.
Other suggestions: For New Frontier
The Mounting U.N. Crisis
X ny THOMAS J. HAMILTON
J-'.-ttn The New Vork Times!
t-;the internal crisis confronting
; llw United Nations has now
' readied the int where its ef
fectiveness as a peace-keeping or
ganization is seriously threatened.
Although the Soviet attacks on
the organization are an outgrowth
of Its dissatisfaction with the Unit
ed Nations' Intervention in the
Congo, other cold war disputes are
not a (actor in the current difficul
ties. ; Despite disagreements over
; methods, the United States, the
Soviet Union and the neutralists
wore all in favor of the decision
last week to send United Nations
'. observers to Yemen. Thus the dif
ficulties confronting the organiza--tion
arc a medley of intricate
constitutional and financial prob
lems. Dut this does not diminish
their gravity.
Tlie outcome may have a decis
ive bearing on the Soviet Union's
attempt to reduce the organization
to the status of a debating soci
ety, without the flexibility which
enabled It to art so energetically
In the Suei and Congo crises.
Two developments last week
demonstrated that the Soviet Un
ion is making headway in its
campaign.
Idi Observers were not sent to
Vcmon until, as Die Soviet Union
Bad demanded. Ihe Security Colin
til had given Its authorization.
Equally important, Moscow won
out in Its campaign for Security
Council endorsement of the ar
rangement whereby Uie United
Arab Republic and Saudi Arabia,
the two contestants in Yemen,
would split the cost of the observ
er operation.
12) A surprising number of Latin-American,
Asian and Alrican
delegates indicated their agree
ment with the Soviet claim that
a member two years In arrears
retained its vote In lite General
Assembly unless a two-thirds ma
jority votes in favor of enforcing
the pertinent provision of Ihe Char
ier, Until now it had been taken
, for granted that Ihe penalty (or
TV's New Frontier
non-payment would be imposed
automatically when the Soviet Un
ion became liable to Ihe rule next
year.
The (ireater Threat
In (lie long run, the consequenc
es of tlie Security Council resolu
tion on Yemen are probably the
greater threat to tlie United Na
tions. Following Its unvarying cus
tom, Moscow asked much more
than It expected to get. It demand
ed a Council resolution detailing
the arrangements (or paying for
tlie observers and providing for
Iheir withdrawal after two months
the maximum period for which
the United Arab Republic has
agreed to pay.
Never before in llie history of
the Security Council, whether it
was sending nut commissions, ob
servers, peace-keeping (orces or,
as in the ease of Korea, a com
bat army, has it concerned itself
with tlie cost.
If the Soviet Union's proposed
resolution had been adopted. Mos
cow would have obtained valuable
support for the now doctrine de
vised to justify Its relusal to pay
tlie assessments for the Congo and
Middle Eastern forces. This, as
explained last week by Nikolai T.
Fedorcnko. is that only tlie Secur
ity Council has tlie right to send
out observers or military (orces
o any kind, and that the money to
pay (or them can be provided
solely by the Council or with its
explicit authorization.
However, llie resolution adopt
ed by the Council, which was
sponsored by Ghana and Morocco
as a "compromise," gave the Hus
sions almost everything they
asked: I)y endorsing tlie finan
cial arrangements the Council as
serted its Jurisdiction over all
phases of the Yemen project.
It is tlie universal expectation "
that the Soviet Union will Insist,
again and again and again, that
tins is a precedent demonstrating
that the Security Council accept
ed tlie Russian position. A number
o( delegates believe, therefore,
that the United States and other
A striking dissent comes from Dean Er
win N. Griswold of the Harvard Law School.
Anticipating the court's latest ruling, and
commenting on its 1962 decision in the cele
brated New York case, he says the court is
construing the Constitution's language in far.
too rigid "absolutist" terms.
He argues that the founding fathers
meant to bar establishment of a state-supported
church, but not to expunge from the
nation's life all signs and ceremonies of re
ligious nature.
Griswold contends further that anyone
who objects to school prayers, Bible reading
or other such practices can preserve his free
dom simply by declining to take part. He says
the person who does this must accept the mi
nority status this places him in and yet has
a right to expect the tolerance of others.
The high court says in reply that even
wiien a law excuses those who do not wish to
participate, it is still coercive and puts a stig
ma on the objectors.
In the cases just decided, it is also a fact
that tolerance by the majority was sadly
breached. The complainant in Baltimore has
seen her son abused physically many times,
her home and car often attacked, herself re
fused work. The Unitarian in Pennsylvania has
been subject to violent, sometimes obscene
written abuse.
That these things were done in the very
name of religious faith perhaps illustrates
perfectly the gravity of the problem the court
has tried to solve.
The court cannot and should not attempt
to reconcile religious differences. It does have
a responsibility for keeping government neu
tral In the matter. Many religious leaders
agree that the fostering of faith is the busi
ness of church and family without help from
public schools or any other government
source.
We find, ourselves in general agreement
with this attitude.
news managers, "I've Got a Secret;" for
Soapy Williams, a starring role in "Bold
Journey;" for Dean Rusk, mystery guest on
"What's My Line?;" for Lyndon Johnson, "I
Led Three Lives;" for the Kennedy family,
"Father Knows Best;" for President Kenne
dy's economic advisers, "The Three Stooges;"
and for Jimmy Hoffa, "The Untouchable."
The newsletter fears it would be impossible
to find authentic New Frontier characters to
star in "To Tell the Truth." But It suggests
the entire case could be included in a spec
tacular called "The Too Late Show."
Western members, of the Council
should have rejected the "com
promise" and taken tlie issue to
the General Assembly, whose jur
isdiction over such interventions
has not been contested until now.
The Veto Available
In addition to its efforts to re
vive the finality of tlie Soviet veto,
the Soviet Union is attempting to
impose a "financial veto" by llie.
simple process of holding back
the money necessary tu keep the
United Nations solvent.
In this atmosphere the Soviet
Union's veiled threats to boycott
the General Assembly, or even
leave the United Nations, it Mos
cow does not have its way on
the financial question, has had a
considerable effect. Whether Mos
cow is serious is the question.
Krcnilinologists have felt lor
years that the Soviet Union would
never rocat its mistake in i',150.
wlien its absence from the Secur
ity Council made possible the Unit
ed Nations dclense of South Ko
rea. Moreover, they have lelt that
the United Nations is so useful as
a propaganda forum that tlie So
viet Union would never leave.
These calculations might he up
set, however. If tlie United Slates
and oilier Western powers go
ahead w ith tlieir plan to take aw ay
Ihe Soviet Union's Assembly vole
next ye.ir, and the majority sup
ports them although it is by no
means certain that it will do so.
Faced with such a humiliation,
Ihe Soviet Union might quit, and
in that case a number of neu.
tralist members would probably
get out, loo.
The outcome appear to depend
on the response of tlie rank-and-file
members. If they make it
clear that Ihe Charter will he en
forced, regardless of who is af
fected. tlie Soviet Union can lie
expected lo back down. But the
attitude taken by a 'number of
Ihe small powers raises tlie ques
tion whether they will act with
the necessary determination when
tlie decision is taken next year on
tlie Soviet arrears.
: -rav- - assess rr-vu- .Tv t.v - , j s
4
Civil Rights Fight Looms
By DAVID LAWRENCE
(In The Oregon Journal)
WASHINGTON - President
Kennedy addressed the nation last
Tuesday night on the subject
of wide-spread disturbances over
racial questions. The same broad
casting facilities which were fur
nished to tlie President, at the
request of the White House, were
not given to a spokesman of the
opposition viewpoint in Congress
for his side of the controversy.
Tlie country is fortunate, of
course, in having newspapers
available in which comments and
rebuttal can be printed. Four
newspapers in big cities in the
North which this correspondent
saw on Thursday did have brief
reports to tell the public that Sen.
Richard B. Russell. D-Ga., chair
man of In. Senate Armed Services
Committee and an outstanding
leader of the Democratic parly in
the South, had read to IK as
sembled senators a statement
which they had approved.
' Russell announced his opitosi
lion to Ihe President's "civil
rights" program, but more impor
tant than this was his charge Uiat
the President has. in a sense,
encouraged street demonstrations
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
Looking through the spring issue
of tlie "Antioch Review," 1 ran
across a reference in one article
to "what name Ulysses assumed
when he went among the wom
en" Upon reading this, I promptly
inserted a sheet of paper in my
typewriter and addressed a brisk
admonitory note to the editor of
the magazine, informing him that
It was Achilles, rather than Ulys
ses, that the author meant. I
mailed the letter olf just as
promptly.
Shortly afterwards, the unpleas.
ant Uiought occurred to me Uiat
this was exactly the kind of reac
tion I most dislike in many of
my own readers. They will write:
"I' have enjoyed your column
for many years, but in the issue
of so-and-so you quoted Mon
taigne when you meant Pas
cal. . . ."
Certainly, errors should be
called to one's attention but did
I ever lake pen in hand to tell
the editor of tlie "Antioch He
view" how much I enjoyed the
essay on posilivistic philosophy, or
existential Motion, or the short
story 1 read with much pleasure?
No. I did not. I patiently wait,
ed until I caught a hasty au
thor and a careless editor in a
minor error and then I pounced
with my superior knowledge, to
make them leel that here was a
reader who coukl not lie found
napping
That we are motivated by neca
live rather than by positive
forces is one of t h e most dis
couraging aspects of the human
animal We will not lilt a pen
to praise a writer who has grat
ified us tor years, but tlie moment
we disagree, or are rubbed the
wrong way. or detect an error of
fact i which may very well he
typographical', we rush pell-mell
to the desk and send off a snide
little note, as I did to the magi
line editor.
The pleasure of pulling some
one els down is one we are
enormously reluctant to relin
quish. Some personalities are so
distorted. In fact, that they can
instead o( repressing them. He de
clared: "The President's speech ap
pealed eloquently to the emotions
but completely disregarded rea
son, human experience and true
equality under the Constitution.
"The (act that every citizen
has the same right lo own and
operate a swimming pool or din
ing hall constitutes equality. The
use o( federal power to force
the owner of a dining hall or
swimming pool to unwillingly ac
cept those of a diflerent race as
guests creates a new and special
right for Negroes in derogation
of the property rights of all of
our people lo own and control tlie
fruits of their labor, and ingenuity-
"The outstanding distinction be
tween a government of free men
and a socialistic or communistic
state is tlie fact that (ice men
can own and control property,
whereas sialism denies proper
ty rights. . . .
"Our American system has al
ways rejected the idea that one
group of citizens may deprive
another of legal rights in property
by process of agitation, demon
straUons. intimidation, law de
fiance and civil disobedience. . .
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
identify themselves only in terms
of what they dniike and feel su
perior to: all bicotry. at bottom,
is a way of pushing some group
into the mock and exclaiming
how dirty they are!
Appreciation, freely given, is
one of the outstanding marks of a
generous character. I am noi
talking about compliments, which
are social in nature and cxis.
on a quid pro quo basis bill
about a voluntary expression of
gratitude for pleasures we nor
nwlly take for granted. Only
when the pleasure stops for a
moment, or reverses itself, are
we prompted to react in a nega
tive manner.
Whether it was Ulysses or
Achilles or Ajax made absolutely
no difference lo the author's
point. What made a difierence
as my alacrity in pointing the
finger of blame, and my in
ertia in penning the praisoful
note I should have written many
months ago.
BERRY'S WORLD
"Unit hurt, Charli,! If
tt build
"The highest office of the land
should symbolize rescct for law,
whether it be legally enacted or
dinances of the meanest hamlet
in the land or the written word
of our national charter the Con
stitution. "I w-as, therefore, shocked to
hear the President justify, if not
encourage, the present wave of
muss demonstrations, accompan
ied by the practices of sitting or
lying in public streets and block
ing traffic; forming human walls
before the doors of legal business
es and assaulting with deadly wea
pons officers of the law whose
only olfense was undertaking to
maintain order and protect private
property.
"The South has its shortcom
ings as well as other areas. But
a calculated campaign waged by
llie metropolitan press, television
and radio has magnified the un
fortunate occurrences in the South
while crimes of violence in other
areas have been minimized. This
has generated bitterness and ha
tred against the white people of
the Southern states almost
amounting to a national disease.
II is also encouraging a condition
bordering on anarchy in many
communities. These terrible condi
tions are sure to further deterio
rate with increasing disorder un
less Ihe President of the United
States desists from using threats
of mass violence lo rush his social-equality
legislation through
the Congress. . . .
"I believe in equality before
the law for every American. In
equal measure. 1 reject the idea
tliat federal power may be in
voked to compel the mingling
.' Ihe races in social activities
to achieve the nebulous aim of
social equality.
"Every Negro citizen possesses
every legal right that is possessed
by any white citizen, but there is
nothing in either live constitution
or Judaeo-Chrislian principles or
common sense and reason which
would compel one citizen to share
his rights with one of another
race at Ihe same place and at
the same time. Such compulsion
would amount lo a complete de
nial of the inalienable rights of
the individual to choose or se
lect his associates. . . .
"The President's legislative
piosals are clearly destructive
ol the American system and tlie
constitutional rights of American
ulizcns. I shall oppose them with
every means and resource at my
command. I do not believe a ma
jority ol tlie Congress will be
frightened hv thinly veiled threats
of violence "
7iii;
.l.K build pstio. I'll
JI0."
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
WASHINGTON (NE.M - The
10o-nation World Food Congress
of 1,200 delegates winds up two
weeks of talk in Washington with
the adoption of a charter, recom
mendations for future action and
a final report from United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organiza
tion Director Gen. R. B. Sen.
of India.
Tlie food congress developed no
sensational news that could com
pete for front-page space with
American race relations prob
lems, the Profumo scandal in
Britain, nuclear test ban nego
tiations with the Russians, or all
the other things happening in Eu-.
rope.
But it did develop solid news
which assures that hunger and
malnutrition can be wiped o.'f
the face of the earth if human
beings arc sensible enough to
use available resources.
There is enough arable land
available lo grow all the food
needed by the six billion people
'double the present population'
who are exjiccted to inhabit the
earth in 2000 A D.
There lis a reserve of virgin
land on which more food can be
grown to feed the rapidly in
creasing populations of Latin
America and Africa. In Asia,
with its tremendous population,
the problem is one of increasing
productivity by intensive agri
culture, such as Japan's, where
there is little idle acreage.
No one reported to the food
congress that the world would
soon have to go on a diet of algae,
which would have been first
page news. But it was recognized
that a scientific breakthrough on
photosynthesis the chemical
process by which plants convert
sunlight into living matter
offers hope for food supplies in
future centuries.
Probably the most important
finding of the food congress was
that the great requirement to
insure that the world is well fed
is more education for producers
and consumers alike.
More than half the population
of the underdeveloped countries
is illiterate.
An illiterate farmer cannot be
taught how to increase the pro
WASHINGTON
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Not even Larry O'Brien could
salvage one of the President's
pet projects which met stunning
tfousc defeat last week.
O'Brien, chief While House ex
pert on Congressional arm-twisting,
worked closely with Majority
Leader Carl Albert to round up
votes for expansion of the Area
Redevelopment Agency.
Until the very end, Messrs.
O'Brien and Albert thought they
had it sewed up. When the votes
were tallied, however. S7 Demo
crats, including several from
Northern districts, had deserted
llie leadership.
Liberal Republicans, led by
Manhattan's John Lindsay, re
fused to go along with the ad
ministration. Connecticut's Abner
Sihal, New York's Ogden Reid.
Massachusetts" Brad Morse, were
all thought favorable to the ad
ministration program.
None were. Lindsay, who had
enthusiastically backed previous
AHA bills, rose "sadly" in oppo
sition The program, he said, has
b.'cn "stodgily and inefficiently
I'dministered. It is weighted down
with cumbersome red tape that
makes the customaiy bureaucrat
ic snarls look like a bed of roses."
Republicans obviously agreed.
Only l.i uut of PiT voting' sup
ported the administration bill.
ARA sKkesnxn boast that they
have created 33.221! new jobs in
Iheir first two years of opera
tion Republicans took out their
sli.le rules and discovered the
jobs have cost taxpayers as much
as S27.0UO apiece. Private indus
try, says the Library of Congress,
needs only SO.ono in capital in
vestment for each job it cre
ates. Opponents discovered tiie follow
ing lads of AHA hie:
-Agency officials dickered with
foreign firms, asking them to set
up branches in this country and
coniete with American outfits.
RA loaned a California lirm
fca.ViMO to open a plywood mill,
although local businessmen said
there was not enough business to
kvp existing m;lls open.
A loan of MlR.nno was made
to help lin.ince a Wisconsin plant
that would manufacture paper
towels, tissues, and napkins. Ex
isting firms in llie area were op
eiating at less than capacity.
ARA has under consideration
a loan of ! s million to build a
sov bean processing firm in Mary
land. Local businessmen say ex
duction of his land by scientific
methods. An illiterate consumer
cannot be taught that from the
time a child is weaned until it
reaches maturity, it needs a bal
anced diet with ample proteins.
There is a world shortage of
schools of agriculture and home
economies, a shortage of teach
ers (or Uiose schools, a shortage
o( arm technicians to train (arm
ors in the lield.
Sjwaker after speaker at the
World Food Congress emphasized
there can be no freedom from
hunger till there is freedom from
ignorance. The big problem is
just that simple and complicat
ed. Perhaps the second most im
portant problem laid before the
food congress for the immediate
future is disUibution of exist
ing world (ood supplies and re
sources so that they will do tlie
most good.
This means putting idle man
power to work cultivating under
developed acreage, as well as
spreading the world's (ood sur
pluses among developing coun
tries that do not now grow enough
ood to give their people an ade
quate diet.
The need or an international
organization of countries that pro
duce more food than they con
sume w as stressed. The idea is to
coordinate all aid programs (or
maximum benefit.
The use of surplus foods as par
tial wage payments to workers
on capital improvement proj
ectssuch as power dams and ir
rigation projects in developing
countries was suggested as a
curb to inflation in expanding
economies.
It was recognized Uiat there is
a limit to tlie amount of money
tliat can be invested profitably
for bringing virgin land into pro
duction or increasing crop yields
on land now under primitive, in
efficient cultivation.
But representatives of develop
ing countries pointed out that if
one-fourth of Ihe money now spent
by the major powers on arma
ments could be diverted into in
creasing food production, there
would be more than enough capi
tal to wipe out the hidden hunger
now afflicting from a third to a
half of the world's population.
REPORT
Area Redevelopment
Plan Lacks Support
isting plants can handle all avail
able soy beans.
AHA funds have gone to help
build an Indiana plant to manu
facture shoes. The plant, say re
sonsible spokesmen of the Unit
ed 'Shoe Workers, is competing
w ith domestic, not foreign, manu
facturers. According to Congress
woman Florence Dwyer, New Jer
sey Republican, the firm re
fuses lo hire Negro workers.
The ARA has marie two
grants, totaling more than $40.
1)00. to the Bureau of the Census.
Congressman William Widnall,
Republican of New Jersey, says
with tongue in cheek: "I had no
idea thai the Bureau of the Cen
sus, which employs more than 30.
000 workers, is an area of sub
stantial unemployment."
ARA made a substantial grant
to Cayuga County. New York, to
undertake a study to see if sugar
beets could lie grown in the area's
rocky terrain. Farmers through
out the West and Midwest are rea
dy to grow beets without any
handouts from Uncle Sam.
A major reason that Republi
cans lined up solidly in opjwsi
lion to the administration bill Is
the widespread feeling that ARA
loans have been used as political
weapons In tlie 4'a months prior
to the November, 19112 election.
100 ARA projects were approved
and announced.
Ol these. 78 were in Democratic
districts. Of tlie 22 others, six
went to Pennsylvania, where the
President insisted that his ad
ministration could work better
with a Democratic governor. Four
were in Massachusetts, where
Ted Kennedy promised he could
do more for you-knnw-who.
, Four went to districts thai were
involved in redisricting or where
the incumbent had retired, throw
ing the race ojien. One repre
sents a case where notification of
the award went to the Democrat
ic candidate runninc against the
ranking GOP member on t h e
House Banking and Currency
Committee. Only seven out of one
hundred went to districts repre
sented by Republicans up for re
election. QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
9 Which was the first oaf
ei nl eoia to carry the motto "la
.nd We Trust?"
A - The 13H9 Lincoln cent.