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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (Aug. 10, 1958)
PAGE 6 D HERALD AND NEWS. KLAMATH FALLS. OREGON SUNDAY, AUGUST 10, 1958 ,' , ' , v. . . , v j -i. ' M rivers PT'1 VJ v U! rVi''MV''' V";f" 0 OVERLAND OATS certainly did well in the Klamath Basin this year as this picture proves. The picture was taken recently on the Tulana Farms site and shows, left to right, Dr. Allen Dickson, Harlan Stevens and Dick Heniel, Dr. Dickson is in charge of the Malting Barley Quality Laboratory at Madison, Wisconsin. Stevens is plant breeder at the Aberdeen Idaho Experiment Station. The two were visiting the Heniel's acres on a four. Stevens is credited with developing both the Overland and Park Oats varieties, both being grown extensively in the Basin. Rust Invades Many Basin Wheat Fields This Year By WALT JENDRZEJEWSKI Prevalence of rust in many oat and wheat fields in the Basin has many farmers interested in this disease. There are many types of rust fungi. Some parasitize only one species of plant. A rust which para- snizes two plant species and has five types of spores in its life cycle is stem rust of wheat. The five spore types arc the red uredospores which spread rust from grain plant to grain plant, the dark teliospores. which infest nothing but remain on straw or stubble, resisting winter tempera tures and germinate in spring to produce me oasiaiospores, which carry rust to barberry, infect it, germinate, and produce pyenio spores, which fuse sexually to pro duce aeciospores, which infect the grain plant. That's complicated enough so that it comes to you from USDA's Yearbook "Plant Diseases" rather than from my memory. You should infer that our rust outbreak may have started in bar berry perhaps hundreds of miles away which came into nearby fields as aeciospores and then swept farther on the winds as red rust uredospores from infested grain fields hundreds of miles away. A combination of favorable environment in the barberry patches and in grain fields here gives us rust troubles. There's no control except resistance which plant breeders may succeed in breeding into new varieties. "Plant Diseases" reports that the cereal rusts consist of many physi ologic races which are intensely specialized in their parasitic beha vior. They multiply when in con tact with living cells and become dormant or die when the host cells die because they cannot utilize de caying organic matter readily. "About 240 parasitic strains or physiologic races, of stem rust of wheat have been discovered, but not more than a dozen are widely prevalent or arc important in any one year. These races differ in their ability to attack different va rii'tiosjof wheat." It looks like the plant breeders really have a tough job which is far from finished. Stem rust of wheat does not at tack oats. Stem rust of oats does not normally attack wheat. In addition to stem rust wheat is attacked by leaf rust and stripe rust. Oats has crown rust as well as stem rust. California pathologists are study big the Basin's rust outbreak. Pa tups eventually there'll be names for our wheat and oat rust 'troubles. We've had some root rot trou bles in grain this season, too. These are caused by many species of fungi. Many' names are used to describe these troubles, including seeonng Diigm, take all, root rot, nasal stem rot, foot rot, snow mould, Victoria blight, helmentho sporium blight and stem break. It is very difficult to identify the specific organism or organisms responsible for losses. Losses them selves are not as obvious as those from rust or smut but often are appreciable. Varietal resistant again is im portant in root rot control and the plant breeder has a long way yet to go in this field. Of more importance and of prac tical significance is the fact that some of these troubles are seed borne to some extent. It is still a good practice to save seed from only the best fields where plants are vigorous and healthy. "Plant Diseases" reports that seed of wheat, oats and barley with 10 to 25 per cent infection with Fusarium and Helmenthospo rium are fairly common some sea sons. Seed lots with 50 per cent infection are not infrequent. The percentage of seed infected w it h Helmcntho5porium species and Fusarium species is closely associated with percentage ger mination, stand, amount of seed ling blight and number of stunted and deformed plants. Fusarium and Helmcnthospori um species arc the most common virulent rootrotting pathogens prevalent in seed. Pre-emcrgence killing, seedling blight, root rot, basal stem rot and lowered yields are reported to result when such seed is sown. Treatment with suitable disinfec tants places a protective layer of fungicide over seed and gives con siderable early season protection against attack by fungi inhabiting the soil. There is more loss from these root rotting pathogens than many growers realize. NO HITCHING POST DERBY LINE, Vt. (I'PI) Arch Bissell, 90, had to leave his horse-drawn sleigh at home and take a taxi to town despite a dis like for "new" contraptions. "There's nothing wrong with my sleigh." ho said. "It's just that there's no place to bitch my horse in town." Acquisition Of Lakes To Be Scheduled A general policy for lake acqui sition and development as part of its fishery management program has been adopted by the Oregon Game Commission in order to meet a growing need for more angling waters at tootnui and valley ele vations. The policy as stated will embark the commission on a pro gram to acquire, construct, im prove, operate, and maintain such natural or man made lakes for the angling public. J. H. Van Winkle, chairman, said that lowland lake development is an absolute must in order to meet the growing demand on the fish ery resources and SDecificallv tn neip relieve the tremendous angl ing pressures exerted on Oregon s salmon and other anadromous fish. Van Winkle said that the com mission does not intend to eo into lake building on a erand scale oiu win build lakes in low and areas if it is feasible. Exislinu lanes win receive major attention. In setting up the development program, Van Winkle said that the following policy factors would be considered: 1. Availability of funds in rela tion to all other elements of the commission's program. 2. Each of such lakes will be rnn. sidered individually and upon its own merits. 3. Availability to the Dublic of otner lanes in tne area. 4. Accessibility of the lake or location under consideration. 5. The ultimate fishing potential as related to costs and the popu lation served. 6. Availability of adeauate wa ter supply, roads, parking, and oth er similar factors. 7. The influence of such lake in relieving the fishing pressure salmonoid and anadromous fishery resources. UNBELIEVERS ROCHESTER, N. Y. (UPI) Burglars disregarded a sign read ing, "Help Yourself, all of the money is in the unlocked cabi net," when they invaded the of fices of Donald A. LePinc Co., Inc. Instead they hauled away a 350-pound safe which contained only corporation records. The mon ey in the open cabinet was untouched. Care Given Vegetables During Growth Determines Suitability For Canning OREGON STATE COLLEGE, shallow cultivation, adequate mois ture and fertilization go a long wav to assure top quality vege tables for fresh use and process ing. Oregon homemakers were ad vised this week. Care given vegetables during urowth largely determines the quality of the vegetable to be canned or frozen, say Oregon State College extension specialists. The following suggestions on care of the garden are given by R. Knlph Clark, extension horticultur ist, and tips on harvesting and pre serving by Mrs. Ruth Klippstein, extension nutritionist. A regular work plan in caring for the garden is recommended by Clark. Cultivate the soil to get rid of weeds and maintain sur face mulch. Water frequently. De tailed instructions on care and Dossible yield from 46 garden veg etables are told in Farm and Home Vegetable Garden Bulletin 614, available from county extension asents. Home gardeners can control most insect pests by proper use of insecticides. Spinach and other leavy vegetables need to be dusted with DDT or other insectieidal dusts or sprays, he says. Rote none, DDT, CPU, malathion, lin dane or methoxychlor help control cabbage worms. Dust tomatoes lightly with DDT or methoxychlor to control flea beetles. Control of other common insects pests are provided in Vegetable Garden Insect Pests, 747, also free on request at county extension offices. The main advantage in canning at home is to assure your family of tender sweet flavorful foods at peak of quality, Mrs. Klippstein believes. For some families, it may be best to grow vegetables for table use, and watch store ads for canned goods sales. Home gar deners with large surpluses, may want to can or freeze for later winter use. She suggests these items on harvest procedure. Pick food in small lots,' that can be canned or frozen in a half day. If food cannot be processed within two hours, refrigerate it, to help keep at highest quality. Pick vegetables when cool in early morning or evening. Time of harvest is often critical, homemakers are reminded. Corn, cucumbers, snap beans, summer squash, and peas reach their peak, then quickly decline. High sugar content that assures sweetness sometimes changes to starch over night. Cucumbers in half a day can grow beyond the desired taste for sweet pickles, according to Mrs. Klippstein. When gardens are at their peak, they should be checked daily for maturity. If it is impossible to handle the produce, pick it any way and give it to others, the home economist advises, because mature produce should not be left on the vines. Cucumbers should be picked ree ularly to prevent overmaturity. Most pickling should be done at mid-summer when the cukes are growing fast. Well-shaped cucum bers, grown in fertile soils and watered regularly, make the best pickles. All varieties of green and wax beans need to be picked at the size the family enjoys most. If beans are to be frozen, they should be medium size. Immature beans shrivel- and overmature beans toughen. For snowy white cauliflower, tie leaves over the heads to protect them from light. Lack of boron in the soil can also cause darkened cauliflower heads. A dust program is essential for the cabbage fam ily. DDT or rolenone are recom mended. Mrs. Klippstein advises, home makers to investigate the cost and convenience of taking corn to cus tom canners instead of doing the tedious husking and shelling by hand. For moderate cost, the home maker can use power equipment at the canner to husk, remove ker nels and also can the corn. Bulletins on freezing and canning vegetables are available at county extension offices. The tax on gasoline in Utah has climbed from 2'.fe cents per gal lon to six cents per gallon. Cobalt Batteries have more power . . . and last longer, tool NELSON BATTERY 2219 So. 6th TU 4-5686 Formers! Ranchers! Stockmen! SEE JUCK for Vour Truck.' Juckeland Truck Soles and Service Your Internotionat Dealer 11th ft Klamath Ph. 2-2581 Auto Body Repair and Painting ERV CARR by Link River Bridge 1 Moin St. TU 2-5439 LUMBER SPECIALS!! 3'x6'18" Mahogany '1' 2"x4" - 8 feet long -12 2"x4" 8 ft. long Cedar Shiplap ' Good grade t A round edge "f each x8" ond SAP 00 xlO" Per m$35 BASIN BUILDING MATERIALS 4784 So. 6th Phone TU 2-2563
