PAGE 6 D
HERALD AND NEWS. KLAMATH FALLS. OREGON
SUNDAY, AUGUST 10, 1958
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OVERLAND OATS certainly did well in the Klamath Basin this year as this picture
proves. The picture was taken recently on the Tulana Farms site and shows, left to right,
Dr. Allen Dickson, Harlan Stevens and Dick Heniel, Dr. Dickson is in charge of the
Malting Barley Quality Laboratory at Madison, Wisconsin. Stevens is plant breeder at
the Aberdeen Idaho Experiment Station. The two were visiting the Heniel's acres on
a four. Stevens is credited with developing both the Overland and Park Oats varieties,
both being grown extensively in the Basin.
Rust Invades Many Basin
Wheat Fields This Year
By WALT JENDRZEJEWSKI
Prevalence of rust in many oat
and wheat fields in the Basin has
many farmers interested in this
disease.
There are many types of rust
fungi. Some parasitize only one
species of plant. A rust which para-
snizes two plant species and has
five types of spores in its life
cycle is stem rust of wheat.
The five spore types arc the red
uredospores which spread rust
from grain plant to grain plant,
the dark teliospores. which infest
nothing but remain on straw or
stubble, resisting winter tempera
tures and germinate in spring to
produce me oasiaiospores, which
carry rust to barberry, infect it,
germinate, and produce pyenio
spores, which fuse sexually to pro
duce aeciospores, which infect the
grain plant.
That's complicated enough so
that it comes to you from USDA's
Yearbook "Plant Diseases" rather
than from my memory.
You should infer that our rust
outbreak may have started in bar
berry perhaps hundreds of miles
away which came into nearby
fields as aeciospores and then
swept farther on the winds as
red rust uredospores from infested
grain fields hundreds of miles
away. A combination of favorable
environment in the barberry
patches and in grain fields here
gives us rust troubles. There's no
control except resistance which
plant breeders may succeed in
breeding into new varieties.
"Plant Diseases" reports that the
cereal rusts consist of many physi
ologic races which are intensely
specialized in their parasitic beha
vior. They multiply when in con
tact with living cells and become
dormant or die when the host cells
die because they cannot utilize de
caying organic matter readily.
"About 240 parasitic strains or
physiologic races, of stem rust of
wheat have been discovered, but
not more than a dozen are widely
prevalent or arc important in any
one year. These races differ in
their ability to attack different va
rii'tiosjof wheat."
It looks like the plant breeders
really have a tough job which is
far from finished.
Stem rust of wheat does not at
tack oats. Stem rust of oats does
not normally attack wheat.
In addition to stem rust wheat
is attacked by leaf rust and stripe
rust. Oats has crown rust as well
as stem rust.
California pathologists are study
big the Basin's rust outbreak.
Pa tups eventually there'll be
names for our wheat and oat rust
'troubles.
We've had some root rot trou
bles in grain this season, too. These
are caused by many species of
fungi. Many' names are used to
describe these troubles, including
seeonng Diigm, take all, root rot,
nasal stem rot, foot rot, snow
mould, Victoria blight, helmentho
sporium blight and stem break.
It is very difficult to identify
the specific organism or organisms
responsible for losses. Losses them
selves are not as obvious as those
from rust or smut but often are
appreciable.
Varietal resistant again is im
portant in root rot control and the
plant breeder has a long way yet
to go in this field.
Of more importance and of prac
tical significance is the fact that
some of these troubles are seed
borne to some extent.
It is still a good practice to save
seed from only the best fields
where plants are vigorous and
healthy.
"Plant Diseases" reports that
seed of wheat, oats and barley
with 10 to 25 per cent infection
with Fusarium and Helmenthospo
rium are fairly common some sea
sons. Seed lots with 50 per cent
infection are not infrequent.
The percentage of seed infected
w it h Helmcntho5porium species
and Fusarium species is closely
associated with percentage ger
mination, stand, amount of seed
ling blight and number of stunted
and deformed plants.
Fusarium and Helmcnthospori
um species arc the most common
virulent rootrotting pathogens
prevalent in seed. Pre-emcrgence
killing, seedling blight, root rot,
basal stem rot and lowered yields
are reported to result when such
seed is sown.
Treatment with suitable disinfec
tants places a protective layer of
fungicide over seed and gives con
siderable early season protection
against attack by fungi inhabiting
the soil.
There is more loss from these
root rotting pathogens than many
growers realize.
NO HITCHING POST
DERBY LINE, Vt. (I'PI)
Arch Bissell, 90, had to leave his
horse-drawn sleigh at home and
take a taxi to town despite a dis
like for "new" contraptions.
"There's nothing wrong with my
sleigh." ho said. "It's just that
there's no place to bitch my horse
in town."
Acquisition
Of Lakes To
Be Scheduled
A general policy for lake acqui
sition and development as part of
its fishery management program
has been adopted by the Oregon
Game Commission in order to meet
a growing need for more angling
waters at tootnui and valley ele
vations. The policy as stated will
embark the commission on a pro
gram to acquire, construct, im
prove, operate, and maintain such
natural or man made lakes for
the angling public.
J. H. Van Winkle, chairman, said
that lowland lake development is
an absolute must in order to meet
the growing demand on the fish
ery resources and SDecificallv tn
neip relieve the tremendous angl
ing pressures exerted on Oregon s
salmon and other anadromous
fish.
Van Winkle said that the com
mission does not intend to eo
into lake building on a erand scale
oiu win build lakes in low and
areas if it is feasible. Exislinu
lanes win receive major attention.
In setting up the development
program, Van Winkle said that the
following policy factors would be
considered:
1. Availability of funds in rela
tion to all other elements of the
commission's program.
2. Each of such lakes will be rnn.
sidered individually and upon its
own merits.
3. Availability to the Dublic of
otner lanes in tne area.
4. Accessibility of the lake or
location under consideration.
5. The ultimate fishing potential
as related to costs and the popu
lation served.
6. Availability of adeauate wa
ter supply, roads, parking, and oth
er similar factors.
7. The influence of such lake
in relieving the fishing pressure
salmonoid and anadromous
fishery resources.
UNBELIEVERS
ROCHESTER, N. Y. (UPI)
Burglars disregarded a sign read
ing, "Help Yourself, all of the
money is in the unlocked cabi
net," when they invaded the of
fices of Donald A. LePinc Co.,
Inc. Instead they hauled away a
350-pound safe which contained
only corporation records. The mon
ey in the open cabinet was untouched.
Care Given Vegetables
During Growth Determines
Suitability For Canning
OREGON STATE COLLEGE,
shallow cultivation, adequate mois
ture and fertilization go a long
wav to assure top quality vege
tables for fresh use and process
ing. Oregon homemakers were ad
vised this week.
Care given vegetables during
urowth largely determines the
quality of the vegetable to be
canned or frozen, say Oregon State
College extension specialists.
The following suggestions on care
of the garden are given by R.
Knlph Clark, extension horticultur
ist, and tips on harvesting and pre
serving by Mrs. Ruth Klippstein,
extension nutritionist.
A regular work plan in caring for
the garden is recommended by
Clark. Cultivate the soil to get
rid of weeds and maintain sur
face mulch. Water frequently. De
tailed instructions on care and
Dossible yield from 46 garden veg
etables are told in Farm and Home
Vegetable Garden Bulletin 614,
available from county extension
asents.
Home gardeners can control
most insect pests by proper use
of insecticides. Spinach and other
leavy vegetables need to be dusted
with DDT or other insectieidal
dusts or sprays, he says. Rote
none, DDT, CPU, malathion, lin
dane or methoxychlor help control
cabbage worms. Dust tomatoes
lightly with DDT or methoxychlor
to control flea beetles. Control of
other common insects pests are
provided in Vegetable Garden
Insect Pests, 747, also free on
request at county extension offices.
The main advantage in canning
at home is to assure your family
of tender sweet flavorful foods at
peak of quality, Mrs. Klippstein
believes. For some families, it
may be best to grow vegetables
for table use, and watch store ads
for canned goods sales. Home gar
deners with large surpluses, may
want to can or freeze for later
winter use.
She suggests these items on
harvest procedure.
Pick food in small lots,' that
can be canned or frozen in a half
day. If food cannot be processed
within two hours, refrigerate it, to
help keep at highest quality. Pick
vegetables when cool in early
morning or evening.
Time of harvest is often critical,
homemakers are reminded. Corn,
cucumbers, snap beans, summer
squash, and peas reach their peak,
then quickly decline. High sugar
content that assures sweetness
sometimes changes to starch over
night. Cucumbers in half a day
can grow beyond the desired taste
for sweet pickles, according to
Mrs. Klippstein.
When gardens are at their peak,
they should be checked daily
for maturity. If it is impossible to
handle the produce, pick it any
way and give it to others, the
home economist advises, because
mature produce should not be left
on the vines.
Cucumbers should be picked ree
ularly to prevent overmaturity.
Most pickling should be done at
mid-summer when the cukes are
growing fast. Well-shaped cucum
bers, grown in fertile soils and
watered regularly, make the best
pickles.
All varieties of green and wax
beans need to be picked at the
size the family enjoys most. If
beans are to be frozen, they should
be medium size. Immature beans
shrivel- and overmature beans
toughen.
For snowy white cauliflower, tie
leaves over the heads to protect
them from light. Lack of boron in
the soil can also cause darkened
cauliflower heads. A dust program
is essential for the cabbage fam
ily. DDT or rolenone are recom
mended. Mrs. Klippstein advises, home
makers to investigate the cost and
convenience of taking corn to cus
tom canners instead of doing the
tedious husking and shelling by
hand. For moderate cost, the home
maker can use power equipment
at the canner to husk, remove ker
nels and also can the corn.
Bulletins on freezing and canning
vegetables are available at county
extension offices.
The tax on gasoline in Utah has
climbed from 2'.fe cents per gal
lon to six cents per gallon.
Cobalt Batteries
have more power . . . and last
longer, tool
NELSON BATTERY
2219 So. 6th TU 4-5686
Formers! Ranchers!
Stockmen!
SEE JUCK
for
Vour Truck.'
Juckeland Truck
Soles and Service
Your Internotionat Dealer
11th ft Klamath Ph. 2-2581
Auto Body
Repair
and
Painting
ERV CARR
by Link River Bridge
1 Moin St. TU 2-5439
LUMBER SPECIALS!!
3'x6'18" Mahogany '1'
2"x4" - 8 feet long -12
2"x4" 8 ft. long
Cedar Shiplap '
Good grade t A
round edge "f
each
x8" ond SAP 00
xlO" Per
m$35
BASIN
BUILDING MATERIALS
4784 So. 6th
Phone TU 2-2563