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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (June 9, 1960)
o THURSDAY. June S. I960 MEDFOHD, MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD; ORE. Enforcement of ling Laws Major Question By WM. B. DICKINSON. JR. Washington- T he gambling passion, which Balzac said "lurks at the bottom of every heart," can be more easily grawied in the United States today than at any time since the heyday of the riverboat gamblers. Betting of certain kinds is approved by law in a growing number of states In countless communities where gambling is not legal, it nevertheless flourishes in one form or another with lit tle or no police interference. Public tolerance of betting, legal and illegal, has brought expressions of concern from national and state legislators. Sen Estes Kefauver (D-Tenn.) complained recently that a good many people had "so far forgotten the lesson" of the hearings held a decade ago by his Special Senate Committee to Investigate Or ganized Crime that "they now propose legalization of gam bling or the spread of legal ized race betting to off-track locations where hoodlums will be even more difficult to con trol." Whether rigorous enforce ment of anti-gambling laws can break the power of gam bling syndicates is a question that may be answered before long in New York. The state legislature recently enacted new laws intended to put a hard brake on the activities of professional gamblers. And on May 22 the bipartisan New York State Commission of In vestigation, which has been holding public hearings on ' gambling, recommended addi tional state and federal regu latory and punitive legislation. The commission at the same time indicated that the ulti mate solution of the problem lay with the public. It cau tioned that "A $2 bet with a bookie is a direct contribu tion to the underworld." Some persons believe that anti-gambling legislation and pleas to the public to refrain from gambling are futile. A committee named by Mayor Robert F. Wagner of New York City to study legaliza tion of off-track betting point ed out last year that "The history of restrictive gambling and liquor sale legislation demonstrates that it is impos sible to effectively enforce the prohibition of activities for which there is a persist ent public demand, particu larly in the case of democratic countries where law enforce ment requires public support." Subsequent efforts by May or Wagner to persuade the legislature to approve an off track betting plan have been unsuccessful. But there are signs of some weakening in the face of ever-mounting costs of government. Off-track betting in New York City might yield annual revenue of as much as $200 million which, under Wagner's pro posal, would be equally di vided between New York State and New York City. Enforcement of federal anti-gambling statutes has been impeded by narrow court In terpretations of the laws and by a feeling that effective control depends almost entire ly on local and state action. A special federal tax on gamb lers, levied by Congress in 1951, had little effect in re ducing their numbers. Evad ers who came to the atten tion of federal prosecutors were, as often as not, small time operators who had failed to make local protection payoffs. Another federal law ap proved in 1951, making it a crime to transport slot ma chines or their parts in Inter state comrierce, ran into en forcement difficulties when the Supreme Court ruled in 1953 (hat the Justice Depart ment lacked authority to keep track of intrastate sales. This ruling made it impossible to trace the origin of the ma chines or to establish proof of law ivolations to the degree required in criminal cases. Correction legislation has made no headway In Con gress. The sums of money Involved In gambling continue to mount. Around $3.2 billion passed through parl-mutuel windows in 1959 in the 24 states where such race track betting has been legalized. Perhaps as many as a million persons can be counted at bingo tables on a given night In the 12 states where that game is regulated and in the others where bingo parties are staged in the name of charity but without legal authority. Seven million tourists gamble S3 billion annually at Ne vada's casinos. The numbers racket Is said to gross a bil lion dollars a year In New York City alone. Billions more are lo to the virtually unbeatable "slots" and to pro fessional bookies. The old Ke fauver committee estimated conservatively" in 1951 that $20 billion changed hands an nually in illegal betting. 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