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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 5, 1937)
PAGE TWO MEDFORD MATL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1937 Russia as it Is Today Uncensored Revelations in Stalin's Blood Purge THERE'LL BE "HORSE-ACTICN" AT THE STATE FAIR By WEBB MILLER United Press Staff correspondent (Copyright 1037 by United Press) MOSCOW. vl London (uncenaor ed). Sept. 4. (UP) While In Russia one cannot Inherit wealth or poal tlon or profit by the work of others, the U. fl. 8. R. today has its comp at stive rich and poor, but there has been no crystal lza tlon of a permanen tly privileged class. Questions regarding comparative wealth, property ownership and stan dards of living figure prominently In Inquiries which American edltora have sent to me. Writers and dramatists are the best paid. Some of them receive tens of thousands of rubles a month In royalties and are able to buy many luxuries. Engineers and specialists as a rule receive the next best pay Work Returns Differ Among industrial workers under the widely -practiced piece-work sys tem, one' roan may earn five times as much as another doing the same sort of task. Public officials and some others, while they hold their positions, enjoy privileges not accorded to the masses. Tho personnel of the official circles la constantly changing rapidly In many Instances during the current "purge." A common factory worker who demonstrates unusual ability may be elevated suddenly to a com manding position while his former boss may be sent to a road gang. I give herewith the questions which I have answered as best X can: ' Q. Is the standard of living Im proving in the Soviet union? A. Yes. Even casual observation shows 'it Is Improving constantly, year by year. However, the Soviet leaders themselves readily admit In speeches that neither the general standard of living nor the productivity of labor can be compared favorably with the standards of western capitalistic states. They emphslze that She Bolshevik regime started with meager and disorganized industrial equip ment and a backward, Illiterate peo ple. Two years ago the average Indus trial worker's wage was about 160 rubles monthly. Now It Is about 3 SO rubles. In three visits to the Soviet union In the past two years and the observation of hundreds of thousands of workers at work and play In the principal Industrial centers, I have detected an Improvement In their appearance, clothing .facilities, and in the quality and quantity of com modities which are available. Housing Still Poor Bousing la still generally poor and inadequate. Almost Intolerable crowd ing is the rule, although huge new apartment buildings are springing up everywhere. Houses being erected to day are of much better quality than; those of a few years ago. Trains and street cars are crowded beyond ca pacity. - Production of consumers' goods Is not equal to the demand, especially fabrics. The scarcity of supply re sults In queues which often stand for hours waiting to snatch up commo dities before the -supply la exhausted. The children look healthy and happy and are usually better dressed than their elders. One la astonished by the number of new and seemingly excellent school buildings which have sprung up throughout the country.- Q. can a Soviet citizen own things for himself? A. Yes, he can. For- Instance, he may possess his home with Its household goods, and millions do: a limited number of do mestic animals, fowls, and a aavlngs account. He can buy Interest-bearing state lottery bonds or an automobile If he can afford one or find It on the market. He can hire any num ber of servants; he can Inherit money or property subject to heavy taxa tion. But he cannot use his money to make money through the labor of others. Laundry Service Poor My American friends who have to wear starched shirts with evening dress at diplomatic functions experi enced great difficulty getting them lsundered. A Chinese student at the university possesses the accomplish ment (rare In Moscow) of laundering evening shirts. He was swsmped with business at IS rubles, or $9 at the legal exchange per shirt. Often It takes him two weeks to complete a laundry, but he dare not hire an arslstant and make money by an other's labor. Q. Docs Inequality In the payment of tabor exist In the Soviet union? A. Yes, to an extent as great or perhaps greater than in capitalistic countries. The widespread applica tion of the piece-work system has re sulted in wide disparity in tlie pay mfnt of workers doing the same class cf work. A clever, hard-working laborer may earn from two to five times as much as his less gifted fel lows. The piecework system has even been applied to auch diverse work as paving Jobs, which are paid by the square yard, and draughts men's plan, which are sometimes paid for by the square inch with rstfs varying according to the diffi culties of the assignment. Q. Are there any rich people In the 8c vlet union? A. Not In the same sense that they exist In capitalistic countries; that Is none living on Inherited wealth or Interest from capital or rents or from profits derived from work done by other people.. But among the workers i are those who are comparatively rich. Under the Stakhanovlte sys torn (a scheme for speeding up pro duction by better arrangement of tools, raw materials, and working time) a worker at one machine may earn 360 rubles monthly, while his companion at the next machine, pro duclng identical goods but with quicker brain and faster hands, may earn 700, 1.&00, or even 9,000 rubles. Frequently. Stakhanovltes earn more than their foremen or department bosses who are on fixed salaries. Writers Fare Best The richest categories In the Soviet union are successful writers and dramatists who often draw tens of thousands of rubles per month In royalties, and can afford country homes, town apartments, automo biles, chauffeurs, servants, and good clothes. I know a writer who has all of those advantages and serves caviar and champagne to hla guests. The next best paid classes are the highly trained engineers and special ists. A worker may get rich by a windfall in a lottery loan, or If he Invents a device or an Idea that saves money In production, he la entitled to share In the economies effected up to and not exceeding 100,000 rubles. Q. With the capitalistic profit mo tive abolished, what Incentives exist to Induce people to work? A. As Molotov said, referring to the Stakhanovltes, "the Immediate Im pulse to high productivity Is a simple Interest In Increasing their earnings." But there are other Incentives which also Impel great numbers of workers, such as the feeling that they actual ly own the land and 'all means of production; the desire for promi nence and power, which Is given to exceptionally effective workers; the belief that they are engaged In erect ing a new form of civilisation, and the desire to show capitalistic na tions what socialism can achieve. Q. Has an Industrial boss system materialized? A. The tendency which undoubt edly exists toward auch a develop ment is held In check by a unique Soviet system of criticism of bosses by their workers with Investigation and action If the complaints are well founded. i Bosses Insecure A boss' tenure of office Is highly Insecure If hla department does not produce efficiently; moreover he may land In prison or exile. Often workers reject offers of foremanshlps because of their fear of responsibility. But generally the category of manager ship is recruited from the ranks. Recently one Jacob Qualm. 38-year-old mechanic who was serving as foreman In the Kaganovltch ball bearing plant, was appointed director of the plant, which employs 15,000 workers, and Is aald to be the largest of Its kind In the world. Peter Krl vonos, a locomotive engineer, who gained fame for efficiency, was named as head of the Slav musk rail way repair shops, which are the larg est In the Soviet union. Such pro motions are made by the commissar of whatever Industry is Involved. For Instance the directors of plants In the heavy industry are appointed Lovers of beautiful, fast running, high stepping, high jumping and specially trained horses, will find all that could be asked for in the way of ac tion and thrills at the after noon pari-mutuel racing and big night horse show at the Oregon State fair, Sept. 6 to 12. Harness racing, which Is going strong all over the coun try, will be revived at the state fair till) year and entries already In Indicate an excep tional race program. nd demoted by the commlsar of heavy Lndustry. Q. Has any new form of aristocracy or privileged class arisen to replace the old aristocracy of wealth and blrthT A. The bureaucracy of public of ficials is sometimes criticized as con stituting a new form of privileged class. Undoubtedly many persons do possess uncommon prlvilegos, such ss access to better living quarters and the use of automobiles In their work, but there Is no crrstallzatlon of a permanent privileged class. Person nel la constantly changing, and fre quently bureaucrats find themselves suddenly out of office and In prison or working with a labor gang on a canal or railroad. There are disquali fications of birth, such as nobles, rich merchants, or bourgeoisie, but no accident of birth automatically gives privilege or position. SI. MARY'S ACADEMY L Opening date of the fall term at St. Mary's academy has been an nounced as Tuesday morning, Sep tember 7. School heads report an Increased enrollment over last year, particularly among day pupils. The school accommodates both day and boarding students. A feature of the school's curricu lum Is the music department which provides Instruction in both voice and Instrumental music. Both boys and girls attend the school. Highway completed SALEM. Sept. 4. (fp) The new five mile strip of the Pacific high way south of Salem virtually completed today, Harold Blake, tractor announced. UP AND EXTOLLS PLANS IN CIA TOKYO. Sept. 4. (&) Emperor Hlrohtto, In formal military attire, opened a "war session" of the Japan ese parliament today by chiding China for what he termed failure to under stand the true Japanese intentions in eastern Asia. The emperor told the assembly he had been occupied by problems In volved In the maintenance of peace, the stabilization of eastern Asia and the mutual prosper lay of China and Japan. The emperor paid a tribute to the Japanese expeditionary forces for whose financial support the parlia ment hod gathered in extraordinary session. The cabinet yesterday approv ed an Increase In the war fund for the Chinese campaigns to about $737,000,000. Premier Prince Pumimaro Konoye said he was deeply touched by the emperor's speech and the heads of all Japanese political parties pledger' their loyalty to carry out the Im perial wishes. The fact that throne addresses or dtnarlly are quite brief and couchec In general terms as compared to tlv emperor's extended and specific state mcnts today aroused the whole em plre to the gravity of the situation. SANTA MONICA, Calif.. Sept. 4 Pi The condition of Grace Moore .reen singer who underwent an ab was ; bomlnal operation, was reported ver. con- I good today. She will remain In tht J Santa Monica hospital about 10 days "Qxegom on Parade" An Exposition of Progress and Achievement 1 1 Ullllllll Sk MUDS HORSE RACING! HORSE SHOW! 30 THRILL ACTS! EXHIBITS! FREE NITE SHOW & DANCING! ADULTS Ceneral Admission only AFTER pp. n Children Under 6 p.m. CwC 12 Years of Age FREE ORE. BOY SCOUT JACK Tl OF (Editor', note: The following hi received from Jax Thompun, who, with Bud Thlerolf and Jerry Vawter, attended the world Boy Scout Jam boree In Holland.) Luzerne. Switzerland. August 19, 1987. V(e bad a grand time at the Jam- we began our tour or the Netherlands. uur iiret inp waa to Der Helder where we were met hv th maw and townspeople and escorted all over miiu givcu rcireenmems and entertainment. We saw the two well Icnown monuments or the Nether lands. One la In memory or the heroes or the sea and the other In memory of the navy men who died In the war. Our second trip was to Rotterdam and Der Kaag and a sea resort called Schevenlngen. we were given an hour In Rotterdam to do as we pleased, then we went to the see resort and enjoyed rerreshments and entertainment. We were then taken through the Raag by street car and saw the peace palace. Our last trip waa. I thin, the most Interesting. We rirat went to Amsterdam where we went through the Reich museum and then across the canal by ferry. We boarded a street car and went to Volendam where we took a boat to Marken Island where we saw some In teresting people and houses. We took a boat rrom Marken Island to Amsterdam and then a train to -Vo-gelenzang. We left Holland by train for Ger many on August 13. Our rirst stop was at Cologne. We dldnt have much time there aa we were only allowed to top one night. The next day we took a special bus to Koblenz where we had more time to see sights and shop. We saw the old fortress that was occupied by American forces alter the great war. The following day we bad a beautiful trip up the Rhine to Welsbaden, on which we saw some very Interesting castles ond a lot of river traffic. We spent a night at Welsbaden and the next day went to Heldelburg, the oldest university town In Germany, we stayed here two days, then proceeded by bus to Luzerne, Switzerland. We had a beautiful trip through the Black Woods and arrived In Luzerne about six In the afternoon. We had a special boat take us around Lake Lucerne and then we went to the top of one of the smaller mountains by a cable car. The remainder of our stay we did shopping and sightsee ing. On the 20th or August we take a bua to Interlaken and pass through a glscler. Democrats Gain 1,112 PORTLAND, Sept. 4. iP, Demo cratic party registration In Multno mah county exceeds the Republican by l,il2. Registrar James Oleason an nounced today. As or September 1, Democrats numbered 90,167, Repub licans, 89,049. Use Mall tribune want ads. Why Suffer Longer? 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(AP) Toe state supreme court, upon resuming Its work here Tuesday after the summer vacation, will hear arguments In the appealed case of the weighers, ware housemen and general workers union against William Green, president of the American Federation of Labor, and others. The case involves the picketing of the Meier and Prank store In Port land and the unseating or union dele gates by the rederatlon. On Wednesday the court will hear arguments In the case Involving Orey Coffey, ex-Salem police officer, un der three years penitentiary sentence for accepting a bribe. Coffey was convicted in the Mar lon county circuit court and the su preme court later affirmed the de cree by a three to two decision. Ra srgument of the case subsequently was ordered with sll seven Justice, participating. Several other oases are set for ar gument next week, Including that of the Electrical Products Company vs. Zlegler. This case was appealed from Multnomah county. 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Or you may 'mail your renewal to the Circulation Department and we will credit your subscription for another year nd mail you your receipt. ORECON STATE FAIR GROUNDS, SALEM,
