PAGE TWO
MEDFORD MATL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1937
Russia as it Is Today
Uncensored Revelations in
Stalin's Blood Purge
THERE'LL BE "HORSE-ACTICN" AT THE STATE FAIR
By WEBB MILLER
United Press Staff correspondent
(Copyright 1037 by United Press)
MOSCOW. vl London (uncenaor
ed). Sept. 4. (UP) While In Russia
one cannot Inherit wealth or poal
tlon or profit by the work of others,
the U. fl. 8. R. today has its comp
at stive rich and poor, but there has
been no crystal lza tlon of a permanen
tly privileged class.
Questions regarding comparative
wealth, property ownership and stan
dards of living figure prominently In
Inquiries which American edltora
have sent to me.
Writers and dramatists are the best
paid. Some of them receive tens of
thousands of rubles a month In
royalties and are able to buy many
luxuries. Engineers and specialists
as a rule receive the next best pay
Work Returns Differ
Among industrial workers under
the widely -practiced piece-work sys
tem, one' roan may earn five times as
much as another doing the same
sort of task.
Public officials and some others,
while they hold their positions, enjoy
privileges not accorded to the masses.
Tho personnel of the official circles
la constantly changing rapidly In
many Instances during the current
"purge." A common factory worker
who demonstrates unusual ability
may be elevated suddenly to a com
manding position while his former
boss may be sent to a road gang.
I give herewith the questions
which I have answered as best X can:
' Q. Is the standard of living Im
proving in the Soviet union? A.
Yes. Even casual observation shows
'it Is Improving constantly, year by
year. However, the Soviet leaders
themselves readily admit In speeches
that neither the general standard of
living nor the productivity of labor
can be compared favorably with the
standards of western capitalistic
states. They emphslze that She
Bolshevik regime started with meager
and disorganized industrial equip
ment and a backward, Illiterate peo
ple. Two years ago the average Indus
trial worker's wage was about 160
rubles monthly. Now It Is about 3 SO
rubles. In three visits to the Soviet
union In the past two years and the
observation of hundreds of thousands
of workers at work and play In the
principal Industrial centers, I have
detected an Improvement In their
appearance, clothing .facilities, and
in the quality and quantity of com
modities which are available.
Housing Still Poor
Bousing la still generally poor and
inadequate. Almost Intolerable crowd
ing is the rule, although huge new
apartment buildings are springing up
everywhere. Houses being erected to
day are of much better quality than;
those of a few years ago. Trains and
street cars are crowded beyond ca
pacity. - Production of consumers' goods Is
not equal to the demand, especially
fabrics. The scarcity of supply re
sults In queues which often stand for
hours waiting to snatch up commo
dities before the -supply la exhausted.
The children look healthy and happy
and are usually better dressed than
their elders. One la astonished by
the number of new and seemingly
excellent school buildings which
have sprung up throughout the
country.-
Q. can a Soviet citizen own
things for himself? A. Yes, he can.
For- Instance, he may possess his
home with Its household goods, and
millions do: a limited number of do
mestic animals, fowls, and a aavlngs
account. He can buy Interest-bearing
state lottery bonds or an automobile
If he can afford one or find It on
the market. He can hire any num
ber of servants; he can Inherit money
or property subject to heavy taxa
tion. But he cannot use his money
to make money through the labor
of others.
Laundry Service Poor
My American friends who have to
wear starched shirts with evening
dress at diplomatic functions experi
enced great difficulty getting them
lsundered. A Chinese student at the
university possesses the accomplish
ment (rare In Moscow) of laundering
evening shirts. He was swsmped
with business at IS rubles, or $9
at the legal exchange per shirt. Often
It takes him two weeks to complete
a laundry, but he dare not hire an
arslstant and make money by an
other's labor.
Q. Docs Inequality In the payment
of tabor exist In the Soviet union?
A. Yes, to an extent as great or
perhaps greater than in capitalistic
countries. The widespread applica
tion of the piece-work system has re
sulted in wide disparity in tlie pay
mfnt of workers doing the same class
cf work. A clever, hard-working
laborer may earn from two to five
times as much as his less gifted fel
lows. The piecework system has
even been applied to auch diverse
work as paving Jobs, which are paid
by the square yard, and draughts
men's plan, which are sometimes
paid for by the square inch with
rstfs varying according to the diffi
culties of the assignment.
Q. Are there any rich people In the
8c vlet union?
A. Not In the same sense that they
exist In capitalistic countries; that
Is none living on Inherited wealth or
Interest from capital or rents or from
profits derived from work done by
other people.. But among the workers
i are those who are comparatively
rich. Under the Stakhanovlte sys
torn (a scheme for speeding up pro
duction by better arrangement of
tools, raw materials, and working
time) a worker at one machine may
earn 360 rubles monthly, while his
companion at the next machine, pro
duclng identical goods but with
quicker brain and faster hands, may
earn 700, 1.&00, or even 9,000 rubles.
Frequently. Stakhanovltes earn more
than their foremen or department
bosses who are on fixed salaries.
Writers Fare Best
The richest categories In the Soviet
union are successful writers and
dramatists who often draw tens of
thousands of rubles per month In
royalties, and can afford country
homes, town apartments, automo
biles, chauffeurs, servants, and good
clothes. I know a writer who has
all of those advantages and serves
caviar and champagne to hla guests.
The next best paid classes are the
highly trained engineers and special
ists. A worker may get rich by a
windfall in a lottery loan, or If he
Invents a device or an Idea that saves
money In production, he la entitled
to share In the economies effected
up to and not exceeding 100,000
rubles.
Q. With the capitalistic profit mo
tive abolished, what Incentives exist
to Induce people to work?
A. As Molotov said, referring to the
Stakhanovltes, "the Immediate Im
pulse to high productivity Is a simple
Interest In Increasing their earnings."
But there are other Incentives which
also Impel great numbers of workers,
such as the feeling that they actual
ly own the land and 'all means of
production; the desire for promi
nence and power, which Is given to
exceptionally effective workers; the
belief that they are engaged In erect
ing a new form of civilisation, and
the desire to show capitalistic na
tions what socialism can achieve.
Q. Has an Industrial boss system
materialized?
A. The tendency which undoubt
edly exists toward auch a develop
ment is held In check by a unique
Soviet system of criticism of bosses
by their workers with Investigation
and action If the complaints are well
founded.
i Bosses Insecure
A boss' tenure of office Is highly
Insecure If hla department does not
produce efficiently; moreover he may
land In prison or exile. Often workers
reject offers of foremanshlps because
of their fear of responsibility. But
generally the category of manager
ship is recruited from the ranks.
Recently one Jacob Qualm. 38-year-old
mechanic who was serving as
foreman In the Kaganovltch ball
bearing plant, was appointed director
of the plant, which employs 15,000
workers, and Is aald to be the largest
of Its kind In the world. Peter Krl
vonos, a locomotive engineer, who
gained fame for efficiency, was
named as head of the Slav musk rail
way repair shops, which are the larg
est In the Soviet union. Such pro
motions are made by the commissar
of whatever Industry is Involved. For
Instance the directors of plants In
the heavy industry are appointed
Lovers of beautiful, fast
running, high stepping, high
jumping and specially trained
horses, will find all that could
be asked for in the way of ac
tion and thrills at the after
noon pari-mutuel racing and
big night horse show at the
Oregon State fair, Sept. 6 to
12. Harness racing, which Is
going strong all over the coun
try, will be revived at the
state fair till) year and entries
already In Indicate an excep
tional race program.
nd demoted by the commlsar of
heavy Lndustry.
Q. Has any new form of aristocracy
or privileged class arisen to replace
the old aristocracy of wealth and
blrthT
A. The bureaucracy of public of
ficials is sometimes criticized as con
stituting a new form of privileged
class. Undoubtedly many persons do
possess uncommon prlvilegos, such ss
access to better living quarters and
the use of automobiles In their work,
but there Is no crrstallzatlon of a
permanent privileged class. Person
nel la constantly changing, and fre
quently bureaucrats find themselves
suddenly out of office and In prison
or working with a labor gang on a
canal or railroad. There are disquali
fications of birth, such as nobles,
rich merchants, or bourgeoisie, but
no accident of birth automatically
gives privilege or position.
SI. MARY'S ACADEMY
L
Opening date of the fall term at
St. Mary's academy has been an
nounced as Tuesday morning, Sep
tember 7. School heads report an
Increased enrollment over last year,
particularly among day pupils. The
school accommodates both day and
boarding students.
A feature of the school's curricu
lum Is the music department which
provides Instruction in both voice
and Instrumental music.
Both boys and girls attend the
school.
Highway completed
SALEM. Sept. 4. (fp) The new
five mile strip of the Pacific high
way south of Salem virtually
completed today, Harold Blake,
tractor announced.
UP AND EXTOLLS
PLANS IN CIA
TOKYO. Sept. 4. (&) Emperor
Hlrohtto, In formal military attire,
opened a "war session" of the Japan
ese parliament today by chiding China
for what he termed failure to under
stand the true Japanese intentions in
eastern Asia.
The emperor told the assembly he
had been occupied by problems In
volved In the maintenance of peace,
the stabilization of eastern Asia and
the mutual prosper lay of China and
Japan.
The emperor paid a tribute to the
Japanese expeditionary forces for
whose financial support the parlia
ment hod gathered in extraordinary
session. The cabinet yesterday approv
ed an Increase In the war fund
for the Chinese campaigns to about
$737,000,000.
Premier Prince Pumimaro Konoye
said he was deeply touched by the
emperor's speech and the heads of all
Japanese political parties pledger'
their loyalty to carry out the Im
perial wishes.
The fact that throne addresses or
dtnarlly are quite brief and couchec
In general terms as compared to tlv
emperor's extended and specific state
mcnts today aroused the whole em
plre to the gravity of the situation.
SANTA MONICA, Calif.. Sept. 4
Pi The condition of Grace Moore
.reen singer who underwent an ab
was ; bomlnal operation, was reported ver.
con- I good today. She will remain In tht
J Santa Monica hospital about 10 days
"Qxegom on Parade"
An Exposition of Progress and Achievement
1
1
Ullllllll
Sk MUDS
HORSE RACING!
HORSE SHOW!
30 THRILL ACTS!
EXHIBITS!
FREE
NITE SHOW
& DANCING!
ADULTS Ceneral
Admission only
AFTER pp. n Children Under
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FREE
ORE.
BOY SCOUT JACK
Tl
OF
(Editor', note: The following hi
received from Jax Thompun, who,
with Bud Thlerolf and Jerry Vawter,
attended the world Boy Scout Jam
boree In Holland.)
Luzerne. Switzerland.
August 19, 1987.
V(e bad a grand time at the Jam-
we began our tour or the Netherlands.
uur iiret inp waa to Der Helder
where we were met hv th maw
and townspeople and escorted all over
miiu givcu rcireenmems and
entertainment. We saw the two well
Icnown monuments or the Nether
lands. One la In memory or the
heroes or the sea and the other In
memory of the navy men who died
In the war. Our second trip was to
Rotterdam and Der Kaag and a sea
resort called Schevenlngen. we were
given an hour In Rotterdam to do as
we pleased, then we went to the see
resort and enjoyed rerreshments and
entertainment. We were then taken
through the Raag by street car and
saw the peace palace. Our last trip
waa. I thin, the most Interesting.
We rirat went to Amsterdam where
we went through the Reich museum
and then across the canal by ferry.
We boarded a street car and went to
Volendam where we took a boat to
Marken Island where we saw some In
teresting people and houses. We
took a boat rrom Marken Island to
Amsterdam and then a train to -Vo-gelenzang.
We left Holland by train for Ger
many on August 13. Our rirst stop
was at Cologne. We dldnt have much
time there aa we were only allowed to
top one night. The next day we
took a special bus to Koblenz where
we had more time to see sights and
shop. We saw the old fortress that
was occupied by American forces
alter the great war. The following
day we bad a beautiful trip up the
Rhine to Welsbaden, on which we
saw some very Interesting castles
ond a lot of river traffic. We spent
a night at Welsbaden and the next
day went to Heldelburg, the oldest
university town In Germany, we
stayed here two days, then proceeded
by bus to Luzerne, Switzerland. We
had a beautiful trip through the
Black Woods and arrived In Luzerne
about six In the afternoon. We had
a special boat take us around Lake
Lucerne and then we went to the
top of one of the smaller mountains
by a cable car. The remainder of our
stay we did shopping and sightsee
ing. On the 20th or August we take a
bua to Interlaken and pass through
a glscler.
Democrats Gain 1,112
PORTLAND, Sept. 4. iP, Demo
cratic party registration In Multno
mah county exceeds the Republican
by l,il2. Registrar James Oleason an
nounced today. As or September 1,
Democrats numbered 90,167, Repub
licans, 89,049.
Use Mall tribune want ads.
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RE
SALEM, Sept. . (AP) Toe state
supreme court, upon resuming Its
work here Tuesday after the summer
vacation, will hear arguments In the
appealed case of the weighers, ware
housemen and general workers union
against William Green, president of
the American Federation of Labor,
and others.
The case involves the picketing of
the Meier and Prank store In Port
land and the unseating or union dele
gates by the rederatlon.
On Wednesday the court will hear
arguments In the case Involving Orey
Coffey, ex-Salem police officer, un
der three years penitentiary sentence
for accepting a bribe.
Coffey was convicted in the Mar
lon county circuit court and the su
preme court later affirmed the de
cree by a three to two decision. Ra
srgument of the case subsequently
was ordered with sll seven Justice,
participating.
Several other oases are set for ar
gument next week, Including that of
the Electrical Products Company vs.
Zlegler. This case was appealed from
Multnomah county.
Closing tune for Too Law to Clas
sify Ads Is 1:30 p. m.
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