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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (March 21, 1954)
Modern War 'Demands New Ai 1 one in a orces Retaliation Must Reds Staclc Cards Be inst V ft.4: irmea Swift Certain i it : i Aga the West By J. M. ROBERTS JR. Associated Press News Analyst YbU could feel the explosion coming. j Ever since President Eisenhower announced his budget, since the Defense Department announced its "new look" at the application of atomic power to reduce military manpower, since John Foster Dulles outlined the idea of "massive retaliation," you could feel it growing, j Lots of people are nervous lest the administration's desire for economy lead it into chance-taking with national security. President Eisenhower said he, wasn't going to be a demagogue j about it and wasni going io take chances. - out people wou- dered if he might not be getting faulty advice from people who wanted to pleasehim and Congress. Adlai Stev enson lit a tmall flame of criticism, and the military leaders, aided by Vice Presi J. M. lobar tt Jr. dent Nixon and Dulles himself, began explaining that the new stress on capability for "instant" and "massive' retaliation, with its accompanying Army reduc tion and holdown on the Navy, was no Maginot Line concept No "All or Nothing" Basis It didn't mean, they said, that American defense would be on an "all or nothing" basis. It just meant that, while the nation would still be able to handle brush fires like Korea, still con duct limited warfare if it wished, it would also be holding over the heads of possible aggressors the possibility of massive and instant retaliation. It was described as a powerful policy for the very reason that it would enable the United States and her allies to choose their own course as circum stances might dictate, while keemne the possible aggressors uncertain. men lasi flionaay, .Liesier Parsniv Canada s foreicn sec retary, asked a question. In ef fect, it was, "How're you going to have instant retaliation and .11 . i- -L-.cm i 1:11 4. ail inai siuu ana siui icumux m consultation with your allies?" Ridgway'S' Reservations On the same day Army Chief sf Staff Ridgway gave the im pression before a Senate com mittee that he had reservations ibout cutting the Army and re lying so heavily on the Strategic Air Command. Reporters began to question Dulles at his press conference. One statement, and the merits of the military plan got all mixed up in what promised to be a political valve-popping. ; The administration and the Senate had just been through a Treat hassle over a proposal to limit the President's treaty making authority. It "began with the Bricker idea to amend the constitution to give the states a ay about what should become he law of the land through in ternational treaties. It had burned itself out, but had left Imbedded roots which promised x flare up again at any time. Dulles' Declaration The statement by Dulles: That the President, because of he North Atlantic treaty and -Jie emisphere Defense treaty jvhich consider an attack on one is an attack on alL has the au hority to retaliate against at tacks on . the cities of allied 1 countries just as he has the lower to retaliate against an at ack on New York or Chicago. Next day Eisenhower fully en lorsed the Dulles' statement. ny president, he said, ought to e impeached, or even hanged, vho did not act immediately if Jhe country were attacked. The President had already -tated, in connection with Indo Jiina, that America wasn't ;oing to be led ito war except hrough constitutional processes, everthless, Dulles was stating i fact as things go in this mod ern world. When Pearl Harbor brought he time for war, the President lidn't have to wait on Congress, rhe rmy and the Navy went nto action, and then Congress leclared war. It never did de dare war after President Tru- nan's midnight intervention in Sorea but a war was fought just ie same. Instant Action Any president can give the Trord and the Army. 'Navy and Air Force will go into action. . They are not. however, facts Trhich Congress has ever been Tilling to admit formally nor rill they be admitted now. Con tress still considers itself the jupreme authority on two things war and appropriations. Now theories "connected with both iave set the cauldron bubbling. m I Refugees War's Heritage .They need freedom from fear t,9n fr. CY14 UiWlfc 4nm wst t This comment by jHenriette Lund, consultant of the National Lutheran Council' welfare di vision, summed up findings of an eight-member team which spent two months ; interviewing refugees in Germany! and Aus tria.' The survey was part of a Lu theran program to back greatly expanded resettlement in this country under the 1953 Refugee Relief Act. Other churches also are stepping up 5 resettlement projects for the yearj The Rev. Frederick M. Otto, of Fremont, Ohio, one of the inter-j view team which this week brought back "dossiers" on hun-j areas oi iamiues mat want come to the united states, saiar the ; refugees are 1 "psychologii cally still in flight." j ! "The church's deepest obligaf tion is to help them; to the end of their flight and to find rest in a spiritual sense," he said. j Another team member, Rev. Harry Wolf, executive secretary of Lutheran charities in Detroit, Mich., said that the lot of refu- gees is particularly hopeless in! Austria, where camps are crowded and jobs: scarce. 1 "They want to go where there would, at least, be some hope for their children," he said. j Planes Revolutionary Design Buttressing Secretary of Dt iense Wilsons. reliance on new weapons in the "hew look" for the armed forces,! the Navy an. nounced testing of two new planes of revolutionary new de sign, which take off vertically from standing stalls on their tails, level off in the air, I then back down for tail-first land ings, k l j Both Lockheed and Consoli dated Vultee are: making these "vertical takeoff": fighters, pow ered by turbo-prop engines driv ing contra-rotating propellers.! The Navy said these planes will be able to spurt upstairs fast for interception at high alti tudes, level off and fight at high speeds or, if necessary, hover stationary in the air like a heli copter. ; l : I In addition to the Navy, tfce Air Force has under construe tion "vertical takeoff" fighter planes of various design. So do the British and Canadians, j j Russia acquired several Ger man projects of 'similar design at the end of World War II and is i believed developing ' them with all possible speed. ! j WHOOSH-AHisfs conception of how Navy's new verti cal takeoff Interceptor plane, Lockheed XFV 1,; would look ' . dnswenng an alert. r-4 A j i ,A v s i; ',00 ' If UMBRELLAS Previously landed troops protect landing of French and Vietnamese paratroops brought up to Dlen Bien Phu by planes flying a shuttle service from Hanoi. Arrows on map (below) show encircling attack of the Communist-led Vietminh whose current campaign in Indochina is regarded as setting the stage for bargaining at the Geneva conference. . , I V X t-'X, P"1 rkM Political Problem The pressure of an election year lay oppressively on the House this week as lawmakers came to grips with. taxes. Re publicans who campaignei their way into office on a tax-cutting, economy program were in the unenviable position of having to beat back Democratic proposals for cuts in income iaxes. The stakes were high. What ever the verdict : in the House voting, both sides knew the bat tle would be waged again in the fall congressional elections, Both sides unlimbered their heavy oratorical;; artillery. The President told a nationwide ra dio and television audience that Democratic proposals ; for tax cuts were politically motivated and would be a "serious blow" to the government I Eisenhower pointed i out that savings achieved by his admin istration have already allowed a tax cut of five .billion dollars plus another iVt billion scat tered through the huge tax re- M.CARTHY: Prober Probed Showdown on Army I The political pressures gener ated by Sen. McCarthy's prob ing methods resulted in his Senate investigative subcommit tee's deciding to explore at pub lic hearings, with witnesses under oath, the bitter! flurry of charges and countercharges be tween its own 1 chairman and Army officials, t I The hearings, which may be televised, are expected to begin late next week. . The controversial Wisconsin senator agreed to sit on the side lines himself with Sen. Mundt (R-SD) taking bver as acting chairman for the inquiry. A New Staff Mundt and Sen. McClellan CD- Ark), ranking minority member, conferred about the possibility of a whole new investigative staff and counsel to run the probe. There were indications the subcommittee would , look outside of Congress for the staff and counseL The subcommittee, .composed of four Republicans and three Democrats, set up the following ground rules for; the probe: L The subcommittee, itself, will run the inquiry. 2. All sworn testimony will be taken in public session. 3. Mundt, as acting chairman, was empowered to employ such counsel and staff as he deems necessary; the staff ;members, however, must be acceptable and responsible to Democrats as well as Republicans on the subcom mittee. 1 I 4. The subcommittee will "pro ceed , to the holding; of these public hearings ... to the ex clusion of all other hearings." 5. The subcommittee will ad journ until next. Tuesday when Mundt will report what has been done about hiring the staff. Staved Off ther Probe The subcommittee's drastic ac tion apparently staved off other suggestions that some other group take over a full probe of Army charges that McCarthy staff members sought special favors for Pvt. G. David Schine, a former McCarthy consultant, and countercharges that the Army tried to blackmail its way out ujl . ueuig uivcsusaiea oy using Schine as a hostage.. . i . . ! AA I l"ri Tr I- l it r vision bilL Any further cuts, the President said, would undermine the cornerstone of his domestic program. Democratic Answer The next night, Democrats an swered.1 Rep. Rayburn, House minority leader, said the Presi dent's tax program gave six times as much relief to upper income brackets as to the great bulk of taxpayers. Democratic analysis of the measure said 80 per cent of the nation's ; 55 million taxpayers have incomes of $5,000 or less and estimated they would re ceive only 205 million dollars in reductions during the first year of the Eisenhower program. Wealthier families and cor porations, on the other hand, would benefit by over ZVx billion dollars, the analysis said. The Democrats proposed to amend the GOP tax bill by in' creasing personal income tax exemptions from the present $600 to $700 or $800 this year and to as much as $1,000 in 1955. Roy Cohn, the subcommittee': chief counsel, denied he had asked special favors for Schine or had threatened to wreck the Army or obtafn Secretary Stev ens' ouster 'as the alternative. In his radio-TV address to the nation last Saturday, Vice President Nixon declared that "men who have in the past done effective worK exposing com munism ... have, by reckless talk and questionable methods, made themselves the issue" and thereby helped "those whose primary objective is to defeat the Eisenhower administration.' The Stevenson Charges : Nixon was answering the speech a fortnight ago of Adlai E. Stevenson, 1952 Democratic presidential candidate. This week Stevenson declared that Nixon j had only confirmed his own charges that "McCarthyism was injuring the government, dividing the nation and divert ing attention from the real is sues.") ! Leonard W. Hall, GOP na tional! chairman, remarked that the Mgive-'em-hell" tactics "tof former President Truman were certainly no better than the rough: tactics of Sen., McCarthy. He admitted there were some" differences between McCarthy and the President but he insist ed the administration would not be ; diverted from its pro gram by side issues. . fm ZTS-JSIDOCHINA Dates Wednesday, March 24 National Health Council, New York City. t Thursday, March 25 Maryland Day (state holi day). "Oscar" awards, Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences, Hollywood. t Friday, March 26 ; Secretary of Commerce Weeks to address Institute for Maine Industry, Colby College, Waterville, Maine. In Short . .!. Predicted; By Sen. Knowland, Senate Republican leader, that the Senate will forego any pro longed Easter recess because of the heavy work load. Announced: By the VS. Air Force, hit by recent drops in en hstment, creation of its own re cruiting system (separate from the Army) starting July li Convicted: By a Greensburg, Pav jury, John Wesley Wable, 24, as the "phantom slayer" of a sleeping truck driver oh the Pennsylvania Turnpike. : Refused: By the Supreme Court, to let Alabama and Rhode Island file suits challenging last year's congressional act ceding title to oil-rich submerged lands to the coastal states. BATTLE OF THl YYEEX POW: A Double Stan By BEM PRICE AP Newsafeature Writer For the first time ,an Air Force officer has acknowledged that airmen captured in Korea were not bound by the same rules on giving information to the enemy as ground troops. It is another example of the right hand not knowing what the left hand is doing, even in a theater of battle, because of divided command. The general's statement was bolstered by testimony from Marine CoL Frank H. Schwable and four other Marine officers. Schwable appeared before a four-week Marine Corps court of inquiry to determine whether he should face a court martial for signing a false germ warfare confession while a Red prisoner. The colonel in his own de fense said he understood the "general attitude" of the Air Force was that airmen could give unimportant and fictitious information if captured. Other officers attached to the First Marine Air Wing testified they were told "to do things the Air Force way" and that the Air Force authorized pilots "at their discretion and if circumstances required to deviate from regula tions." - : The Air Force never has ac knowledged "publicly : that any such instructions were given to i By WILLIAM L. RYAN Associated Press Foreign News Analyst THE. stepped-up fighting in Indochina in the past week may be a Communist means of setting the staee for the conference on Far East problems at Geneva' next month. If it is, it may mean that some sort of truce offer will come from the Communist side. If that happens, it is difficult to see how the West and j Textiles Natural Fibers The chemist's test tube has hot yet replaced the sheep, the silk worm or the cotton plant as an efficient producer of "miracle textile fibers. Trading in Japanese silk fu tures was resumed on the New York Commodity Exchange this week for the first time since Julv 1941. Silk dealers said the move reflected a revival of con sumer interest. And far from being crowded off the stage by the new syn thetics, some of nature's other textile fibers seem to be coming back in an even bigger way, A New York textile banking house recently conducted a pop. ularity poll of textile fibers among 17 major department! stores and 26 garment manuf ac turers. Tuesday it announced the results: Lured by lower price tags ana better styles, American women are turning more and more to cotton gar ments. While price seems to be cot ton's main attraction for today's penny-pinching consumer, ag gressive merchandising and pro motion with emphasis on "name designers has also helped. Cot ton, it is conceded, could not compete with the synthetics "if the prices of all these garments were on a par." But as things stand now, the survey says, "cotton textiles should do better this year than last, unless ; the cotton farmer succeeds in getting the govern ment to boost the price of free cotton. That; would hand over a greater share of the market to the synthetic producers." ; The wool industry is also striving to regain .some of its lost markets. ! The year 1953, says one econo mist, marked the return of wool in many markets where syn thetics had won acceptance particularly; in the women's ap parel field.' fliers, but i a general at Air Force headquarters in the Pen tagon said, "Let's face it The Air Force did authorize its pilots to give more than name, rank and serial number." j This officer would not permit his name to be used. , While the Air Force appar ently was setting up one set of rules for its pilots, the ground troops were standing on regula tions and the Geneva Conven tion. - Armed Forces regulations and the Convention say that a pris oner is required to give only his name, rank, serial number, date of birth and next of kin. The Army says it never has given any instructions contrary to regulations. Maj. Gen. William Dean, the Army's foremost prisoner! of war, supported the Army's position in testimony at i the Schwable Inquiry. He was asked if the United States realistically could expect its soldiers and air men to adhere to regulations. "It is the ideal, we should strive for," he - replied. The Communists, won't stop (their! questioning) anywhere.'!: 1 While Dean set that up as an ideal, he added, "I didn't have the .intelligence or strength to stop there.". , v. . ;j Quotes British Maj. Gen. Ernest Cowell, surgeon father of Roberta Cowell who used to be a man and fighter pilot in the Royal Air Force: "I had a son Robert Who is now .Roberta, my daughter. I can say, not only as her father but as a doctor, that she is recognizable, in every way as a woman, and her mother and I are both satis fied she is now completely female." ' .' ' '.,,. i Allen W. Dulles, director of the Central Intelligence Agency: "Sometimes I think we go too. far, in what our government gives out offi cially and in what is; pub lished in the scientific and technical field. We tell Rus sia too much." " i- : i '.f I I particularly the united states can win at Geneva. mi - . iuui uc inu uiojur UUC9UUU to come before the conference ' of the United States, the Soviet Union, Red China, Britain, France and whatever other in terested nations attend. One question is ECorea. The other is Indo china. In both, cases, the cards seem stacked, v The dead lock already exists , in Ko rea, regard less of the t nrmnt n t William L Ryan words to be spent on the problem at Geneva. Korea can not be reunited on Soviet -terms, and the Soviet Union will not accept Western terms. The most that can be expected is a recog nition of permanent division there. That will continue to be costly and worrisome to the United States for some time to come. Test for Dalles In the question of Indochina, U.S. Secretary of State Dulles faces his big test. The Soviet press already is preparing the way, accusing him in advance of wanting to keep the Indochina war going at all costs, accusing the United States of having no real interest in lessening inter national tensions. Soviet papers seized upon scuttlebutt in the American press to persuade Russian and other readers that the United States wants . pri marily to turn Indochina into a war of "Asians against Asians." But who would benefit from a negotiated truce in Indochina? We might as well face it As matters stand today, Moscow would Denent. , 4 A cessation of the war there surely would bring strong pres sure to bear, both inside metro politan France and in the French . Union, for broader political con cessions to local nationalism. It surely would bring strong pres sure upon the United States for an end at least to military aid to the French-supported Viet Nam government . of Chief of State Bao DaL A Waiting Game The realistic Russians proba bly have come to the conclusion that a military victory in Indo china either for the French or for the combination' of Commu nists and nationalists is just about impossible, short of risk ing all-out World War DX But, as in Korea, a cease-fire prob ably would mean, for some time to come, nothifig more than a heavily armed truce. From then on it would be the Communists who would be calling the shots, playing the waiting game as they are elsewhere in the world. Once the shooting stopped, we could be sure the Communists immediately would concentrate all their attention upon adroit manipulation of nationalist and anti-French, feelings in the States of Viet Nam, Laos and Cambodia. They- would be helped by strong agitation in metro politan France sparked by the powerful Communist party there. - .. ; . If a truce were negotiated la Indochina, it would be hailed by Moscow and Peiping as a clear indication of peaceful intentions, of their determination to lessen international tensions, If the West should attempt to forestall such a truce, loaded as it would be on the side of a Red propaganda victory, the fire of Moscow and Peiping would be directed at the "imperialist West What adequate answer would there be? To be adequate, the answer would have to be one understood and accepted by the Asians. The Asians would un derstand one thing: That there was a chance of ending danger ous shooting in their midst hut that the West insisted shooting was to continue. Good Answer Needed ; During v the week Senator Wiley (R-Wis, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Com mittee, called on Russia to come to Geneva prepared to propose "deeds instead of words. The harsh fact is that the Soviet Union happens to be in a posi tion from which it can propose a deed. . The deed would look to the Asian world like a step toward peace. Our answer would havt to be a good one. . '
