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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (March 21, 1915)
THE OREGON' SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING. MARCH 211 1915.' FALL OF MILITARISM AND CREATE LASTING PEACE WAR MASSES HOPE FOR PEACE OF PERMANENT DURATION The People Everywhere, Who Bear the Burdens of War -and Who Make the Biggest Sacrifices, Are the Ones to Whom Its Futility ppeals the Stronger. A NEW CIVILIZATION NECESSARILY WOULD FOLLOW POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS - CONTROL EUROPE'S STATUS Geographical Isolation and Racial Differences Would Pre- . elude the" Organization the Event of a Vctory of a Formidable Coalition in by The 'Allies GERMAN" VICTORY WOUUD WORK AN OPPOSITE END e MAY WORK By Gugl'ielmo Ferrero., ARTICLE NOW. is it to re feared that a defeat In Germany, kindle the desire of of a new war? v ur,. un wie oiner nanu, wouiu viciory iiuiauic mc 65' --- cirit of France, or EnelaridJ or Russia; so as simply to move the tyranny of militarism to another phace and which we shall try to answer today. ': . -There-is no doubt that an unsuccessful war win leave mucn rancor in delusion of being invincible will nat too, Is subject to the ordinary rulfes of the battlefield of Mareneo as: "Beaten, At any rate, as is to be imagined,; 'a German "irredentismo" if they will that which'she took from the othej-s it its historical and national rights, it calmed down, little by little, witho lit-' In the meantime, for ten years will be occupied m healing its wou rible war. . .Who can think that a war like his In ten years the natural resentment' little by little, in the old and in the reality. Unless Germany shonld have a a thing that seems very iniprobab e, people must necessarily become aare that the; peace of the world is not only an inspiration of philanthropists and idealists, but also a vital need. They will realize this ana get their their aspirations, tfeetfngs and theiit We must not believe that the Germans are sucn a warlike people, tnat they cannot stand a long peace. There were other peoples as warlike as the Germans, and more warlike, in Europe, and injthese last fifty years they have become peaceful. I am alludiig precisely jlo the French. '. Nation Learned Notice, The French during the last two and a half j centuries have fought the greatest wars in history, and they were the masters ot the art of war in Europe, masters also, of the Germais, who have learned much more from their present enemies than they seem to be ablej to teach them. For a long time Europe feared that the Frencli were so agitated inwardly by the demon of war: that they nevir would calm down; that Europe would never have rest from their warlike spirit. j ... But France lost her aggressive humor after an unfortunate war had made her know that even the mostl valorous pebples can never be sure of victory; and little by little her political institutions under the republic, and through the republic, assumed a more democratic and popular character. ' The republic has made of France, not a faint-hearted nation, as- its enemies say, "but a peaceful nation. If in the present fighting France has oTl har vM .-niifur inH nersv there is. however, nn doubt that she uunu f ijl i uiv. v - - c J - - , - only drew her sword when she ws compelled and saw that every hope and every effort to evade the conflict was useless. Thtre is no reason not to expect the same thing of the Germans under similar conditions arid circumstances that are about the same. Under a civilization like that of Europe in the beginning of the nineteenth century the warlike humor and aggressiveness of a people is not the effect of a war like temperament or national spirit, but of their historical and political situation. - France was-warlike after the revolution as long as the contending politi cal parties, representing small and privileged classes, were obliged to inflame, ind so from time to time to satisfy, the passion bf military glory generated In the wars of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Germany has been warlike up to now, and- has at last let loose the "gen sral'war, because the Prussian aristocracy, and the different royal dynasties, tc.f that govern it have found it necessary to keep the people's flattered dream alive that the wars of 1866 and 1870 gave them so as to retain their power and privileges, j France has gradually become pacific after a defeat, and because of this defeat it got a republican form of government that, being much more demo cratic, had no need to threaten their neighbors and disturb Europe to keep Iri nntuor J ... . Two National Wanted Peace. It is legitimate, then, to suppose that the 'same change will occur in Germany, when defeat will bring a party to power, even under the institu tions of a parliamentary monarchy, jthe more numerous classes and parties more of the pleople having fewer privileges to defend. And with reasoning along these jsame lines we may reply to show-who sks the second question, and calm! the fear that France or England may jrow warlike and aggressive after victory. These two. natjons wanted pea4e and did not think of conquests in Europe, before this' j war, because their governments, established by the masses,; did not need) to brag about their military power all the time to stay ; In office. As always happens, victory will give greater prestige to those irnvrn m Anf c within. rr rmtsiH rtf thiir hnnnlaripc If their governments were so solid to make disturbances in tne world more authoritative and more united, means to keep in power. The populations pf, these two countries; if they were peace loving before the war, will become more so when iai i-i A . l : . . . nunuui me mquiciuuc miu ciiuiiiyj twenty years. -j . i we inusi jioi lorgci, iuu, uiai ine minded and more "measured'' than the fore immune, as it were, from the often carries away the Germans to try These two nation's wish to enjoy! they have attained ry centuries ot They both occupy positions higl WHY DO WE I T IS astonishing how badly our sell conceit Is distributed. We are in ordinately proud: of .some of the si Jlest and weakest things about u$, such as our lineage, our pugnacity and our small feet,, and have a very low opinion of ourselves when there is not the slightest reason for It. We are darlings of the gods, we can whip cre ation, our future is limited only by the procession of the equinoxes and the day of judgment. - . 1 But when any "prophet of evil rise up to denounce us as decadent from luxury, soft and degenerate from self- indulgence Undermining our constitiji Hons, "hitting the trail for hell so fas that we can't be seen rf or the dust losing our -teeth, shedding our haiir. Khnrtnniner our lives -we mepklv hrW our head before the blast and admit :the Impeachment, j j : VYe go out of our way to belittle our selves and declare with humiliation that In stamina endurance and f ignit ing qualities we are inferior not mere ly to. our savage ancestors, but to or animal cousins. HVe were created l a little; lower than the angels and hate been steadily getting lower ever sinde. And all this in spite of the fact tnat men ts head and shoulders the fiercest, toughest and most dangerous animal that lives! . ! -v: Can beat any. bird, beast or fish at his own ramo outrun the deer, tilre ont k the wolf, face the tiger singjle handed with spear or short-swond. plunge Into tropic seas with a knife between his teeth and kUl the shark la his own element; outfly the biifd, outface the cold of the Arctic with the musk-ox and t,he hlte bear, and tie heat of the tropics with th elephant and the aebra. Xam Is Finest Animal. la short, man is the finest all-round athlete the animal kingdom has evjer produced. He can maintain life on the food of any- animal, and is not only the healtiest, - strongest, longest lived NO. 4. would stimulate the national reeling revenge and thus sow the seeds of ! instead pf doing away with it? intoxicated for half a century with the" be easily resigned to recognize that it, war, that mpoieon summea .up on winnine; such is the fate of battles." the conditions oi peace ao not create only take away from the Germans by injustice and held by force, leaving is to be hoped that this anger will be provoking: a catastrophe. ! 1 at least, Germany, like the other nations, hds and Repairing the wastes of this har- one can begin again in a few years? of a disastrous war should give way young, to a 'calmer consideration of the second spectacular triumph as in 1870, we may say impossiPie, tne tierman own iaeas togetner, to reorganize political institutions. before the war that they did not need to hold together, after victory, being they will have even less need of such they will know they can enjoy peace i Ai a j , i . uiai nave lorniemeu tnem tnese last cngnsn anq rrencn are much calmer Germans.! ,Both of them are there- excitement of pride or energy that so the largest and most impossible things. and fortify the high historical position jworn ana struggling. and respected enough to content two BECOME BALD? HINTS FOR animal known, but is becoming more so all the itime. ' " It is rea(ly hard to say whether our overweening conceit at one extreme or our unnecessary self-depreciation at the other is the more amusing or ex asperating; as the case may. be. ' But there are certain points In which even the most enthusiastic champion of man's superiority must concede that the , animals have the better of lis, and one of those would appear to be their success In hanging on to their hair. No animal, we are triumphantly assured, ever becomes bald, no matter how old and gray and decrepit he may be. And to this there seems at first blush to be no adequate reply. But the moment we begin to make careful studies and comparisons we have the consolation of discovering at once that no animal has any hair on his head : which is worthy worrying over, or the loss of which would draw even a single tear from a human eye. In fact, I paradoxical and even ludi crous as It may sound, that appears to be just tliie reason why man became liable to lose Iris. He wasn't satisfied with his inherited thatch of "dogs' hair," but insisted upon having a longer, silkier and much more orna mental variety. He j got lit, but with a penalty at tacheil to it, that it didn't wear as well and ifould occasionally desert him in his declining years. Instead of being satisfied with short hair all , his illfe long, he chose to have long hair for twortplrds of his life and none at; all the. remainder. . In IsobeE earnest; human hair, bio-" logically speaking,; is a new growth, a neombrphj nothing else like 1 it any where in j the living world, with ; the partial exception of the mane of ' the lion ind the shock of bristles on the head land ! neck of some of th larger apesj -,- i i . -1; , : s: j - . - . , Like all new creations, it is unstable - 1 r - 1, - in Hi, mini 1 1 1 1 1 mil' 1 1 tmmmmmmmmmmmtt ''' t ' . . ; - . ' Thp masses of Europe long for a I "-. to whom he refers, not wisfc and moderate peioples. They wanted peace before the war, so they will want it after a waf in which they have been victorious. .A. victory for theni would only consolidate peace which would be for theirJown good, of course, but at the same time for the good of the others. ;So the peace and war of Europe today are especially questions of political institutions. j " Germany has been warlike, and ended by provoking this war because it is governed by a privileged aristocracy, and is under a military monarchy. The democracy that governs France is, like all the Other democracies of the world, pacific. Governed by the classes, to whom war is a misfortune, entirely satisfied with jher present situation, the day that France gets, back Alsace and Lorraine she will ask nothing better than "to declare peace on all Europe" as Michelet predicted. England Less Democratic. Whoever thinks Fiance will again begin to dream of the conquest of Eurppe deceives himself, as they deceived themselves who thought the French would throw down their arms at the approach of the Germans. England has a less democratic government than France; the aristocracy and the upper middle class exert a more direct influence upon it; and among the aristicrats and the! upper classes imperialistic and military tendencies andlesires for privileged government are still very strong in England. This is also true of the other European countries. But each decade the masses of the people are getting more power and influence in England, too, and! the masses of the people are even more pacific in England than in Frarice.- ' f we consider it irt the true sense, the English people have never really gone to war, having always adopted" armies of mercenaries or paid soldiers, so they have had no practice and experience of war like the French, who hav given their blood in a hundred wars in all the continents of the earth. So hot having the habjit of war they cannot have a profound passion for war.' Only people whoj have fought a great deal can be full of warlike spirit. Precisely because the warlike spirit is a fruit of political regimes, many people are worried about Russia They often say; "It's all right about France, and England isjfast becoming a democracy, so we can count on the pacific spirit of both of them; but bow about Russia? Isn't Russia, like Gertuany, a military ejmpire? Until a few years ago wasn't it even an absolute military autaci-acy? Isn't it to be thought that in a semi-absolute military empire, badly controlled by a childish, inexperienced, timid parlia ment, lacking authority, the proud, audacious, aggressive spirit will awake that! we fear in Germany? And then the danger we now see in Berlin passes to Petrograd? " f The statesmen and Newspapers of Germany and Austria-Hungary, and the pro4German papers in the neutral countries, have made a great agitation aboat this "Slav danger" ever since the .breaking out of the war. We know that at the beginning the government of Berlin announced to its people that it was to be a war of national defense against "Russian bar barity." We also know that the German and Austrian Socialists answered the Criticism of the Socialists of the other countries by protesting that they could not be expected to open the doors of Germany and Austria to the Cossacks. : . y The future power to which Russia would attain if victorious is another of the arguments roost advanced, especially in Italy, by the followers of the Triple Alliance. They picture Russia as arbiter of continental Europe. 'Saint Sofia, as consecrated again by the czar in the Christian cult; the Russian and (erratic, though not nearly so mucn so as usually supposeJJ Nor is there anyl ground for believing tnat it is losing its vitality or hias become any more uncertain of Its teiiure within the last! 20.000 years; in either words, in Civilized man than in 4av&8es j Worn as Ornament. The human hair has been worn as a pure ornament and scrupulously pro tected from the weatheri whether wind. rairT or sun, for at leat 20,000 years. Ahd if it was going! ' to perish for lacH of ventilation and .exposure we should have been as bald as billiard balls since the days of the pyramids. The growth of the 'fhair for hair's sake" idea In.onr own j species can be cleairly traced in still existing savages. In tjhe oldest and most jplthecoid types, such as the Congo dwarfs and the Ne gritos of the Andaman islands, it is simbly a fuzzy, felty irnass of rusty or reddish brown wool; . t 1$ the next grade, orj negroes proper from the west coast of Africa, to Papua ahdi New Guinea, it becomes boldly, artd unmistakably : ornamental, though not according to our ; northern tastes, and is frizzed and pomaded and ornamented into! huge, imposing bushes and shakos, whijeh make delight in dusky bosoms. In the brown races it starts in our modern direction by increasing greatly In length and glossiness. In fact, at thi4 stage, tit reachesj Its climax of "hujmannesBf and plcturesqueness as illustrated in ttie famous scalp locks of lour American Indians though it still retains a tendency to kink and cur. ! " ; In the Mongolians it remains long andj become stif fer an& straighter, as in lie Chinaman's queue: while finally. In jthe Caucasian, It ; shortens again somewhat and takes on the final glori fy! tig touch ' to our eyes of curliness and! waviness, and ranges over half the colors in the rainbjow frony flaxen and golden to red, brown and black. - Another cunous specialization ap- lasting peace, declares Professor Ferrero. the members of a privileged officialdom, THE HAIRLESS FROM A SCIENT pears for the first time in the white race, and that is a difference in length between men and women, so that it be comes possible to distinguish the sexes by the length of their hair. Some XTeed Hair Cat. Nor Is this solely due to age long habits of wearing and cutting the hair. Most white men could grow hair of moderate length even today simply by neglecting to call In the services of. a barber. But this seldom gets much below the level of the shoulders, and even In her mits or religious devotees of various races,, who make it a matter of con science to let their hair grow out to its full length, it never attains more than half the length which 'is common in women and girls. , In the Intermediate stage of bar barism signs of decay are already -beginning to show themselves, and . bar barous or semi-clvillzed man shows a distinct tendency to lose, his calvarial thatch, not only at a nroderately ad vanced time of lifev but also occasion ally, to his distress, at a disconcert ingly premature period. Warriors Talc Care Hair. When we reach civilization, certainly In the second or middle stage of it. when hair is no longer valued as an ornament or an asset by the male, it appears to become still more variable, and instances of complete loss of It at 25, 20 and even earlier years, begin to be discovered. As to how this curious variability of the male head covering can be account ed for, we are still In the dark. Oiily one suggestion has. been rhade. and this appears to have a certain amount jiof reason and merit in it, and that Is, triai hair lives, so to speak, only as long .8 11 is vaiueu oy a particular sex or infll vidual. 1 ' Savage warriors attach-the greatest Importance to and take immense pride in their hair, braiding, decoratfig. sticking leathers and Jewelry in it, oil This street scene in Petrograd showr the type of ; people but the workers who must (warships in the Mediterranean and the roads that lead to the Adriatic. The future lies in the lap I of Jove of God nowt say the Christians. So predict what jwill be the future of an empire. But jif we stick to reasoning it does not seem too temerous to place Russia, now the continent ofi Europe, it belongs. 1 , Central Position Necessary. The first reason against it is geographical the e rosition of Riissia. To dominate so of arms and political prestige it is central position so as to be able to act points to the north, south, least, west. able to dominate for centuries the basin of the Egypt, northern Africa, the Balkan Germany at different times have been of Europe; but neither -England nor modern Italya! the continent have ever been abltj to hold such aspirations, reason Russia; can never hold 'them. After 189S Russia really very much neglected her is such an important part of her European policy,' becaus to! the far east and occupied with its the Bulgarian, all Slav peoples, who plained bitterly of this; and they were acquiring territory and influence in the tion in the bower of Austria and therefore of Germany vjermany, in lacx, nas always sougni in the far east, so that she would pay has even usedJ the personal influence war broke out a very close friendship many and the emperor of Russia; William, with his go-ah a little tantaspc had great authority timid and shut up within himself. j ' Russia Formidable Power. That William of Germany -took advantage of this I know1, the high functionaries of the 'court in czar, tcyd me that the emperor bf encourage nis imperial cousin; ot Kussia tne iar-away pia woria." wun that e,raperor seems to possess in private to a vast conquest or L,nma, ana against japan, knowing way for Germany to weaken and paralyze in Europe amance. The very var now being fought proves it. Russia is a power it has the largest arrrjy m the Europe it is plain that! the present war is very thatRussia aljne could never Iresist Germany and AustriaJ countries taken together have; a much smaller population tsecause it is not easy lor Jimty of its vast empire concentrate tnem on the other extreme Russia now finds to make her strength of or because pr ner great size should Ing and even coloring it. This partly for the reason that they admire It themselves, and . partly because they find It a valuable . asset in charming and fascinating the. opposite sex. In other words, the hair of the head one of the so-called sec ondary sexual characters and; to fall under the laws of sexual selection. This sentimental attachment ! of man to his hair is by no means confined to savagery, bu!t persists sporadically through barbarism and semi-civilization, and is ven to be found in the lower and some fairly high stages of" civilization, is' for instance; in the famous picture, of the Spartan 'war riors at Thermopylae, carefully braid ing and oiling their long hair while chanting their death songs Just before going Into thd immortal battle. Hot Bald Earlyi There Is, htowever, another; element which must b taken into consideration in contrasting the instability! of the hair in civilized man with its luxuriance in the savag, and that ia the much shorter lifetime of the latter, Our minds have been so crammed with myths aibout the "noble and his id rial health and savage superb physique, on account' of his perpetual athletic existence in the open air. that it is almost impossible for us to realize how astonishingly short lived and ship wrecky In 1 constitution he really is. With all the moderr spread of bald ness, very vefc-y few n eh are seriously bald under 30 years bf age. and the data in 4ur I possession shows that scarce one! in five savages ever-reaches that extreme I, of senility. The actual figures arte i astonishing contrast to oilr rosy Hcoriceptions. now has an average Civilised man longevity of 61 years; serijt-clvillzed man, as lllustrat ed by the Hindu and the Chinaman, has an average lifetime or 21 and 23 years respectively, k shown by the! English sanitary r ports in In Hia and in Hong- kong. 1 f. Photograph by International News Serrlc. pay the cost of the war.: Cossacks horses running down the i It is in the hands r . said the ancients I do not feel the courage to try to 'empire as enormous as the Moscovue on what may happe In the near future the announced mil itary hegemony of among the fancies and dreams where ccentric geographical vast a continent- as E urope by the force necessary, that a p le be placed in a fdrce on different with their military For this reasoh ancient Italy was Mediterranean Gaul, Spain, peninsula. For, this reason France and able to aspire to the military hegemony extreme sides of the And for this same Balk an policies, that e she was attracted questions. The Sehrbs Montenegrins, consider Russia th i r protector, com- not wrong, bee :ause whilei Russia was orient they were lief t without protec- Austna's ally, on her adventures 10 urge nussian Jess attention to Europe! Germany of its emperor for th is endi. Until the existed between the emperor of Ger- ad temperament over Nicholas II, po is much more because pne of Petrograd, one w ho is very near the Germany never mi ssed an occasion to of his lands in to turn the energies rich, insinuating abili liy that the German conversation he spu rred oni Nicholas II ere was no better the Franco-Russian formidable military world; soldiers as valorous as any in hird tor Kussia and though these two than hers, i : Kussia to concentrate so many troops easyi for her to today, as it was not against Japan The difficulty that. felt in Germany art a Austria, in spite reassure those who fear for tomorrow ST- BY" Such figures as we possess of the longevity of savages show their aver- age life time to They are old and be about 16 years. to 35, decrepit at 30 and their strongesjt survivors usually die under 40. All the stories ians are made out of savage ceintenar- 4t the same rhaterial as the centenarian myths everywhere else, and that is pure moonshine, Xiook Future, The most shrunken and horjribly jwasted and and decrepit bag of skin bones that I ever saw in hurnai t . shape she was an Indian woman who was ed to te 110, and looked ' as might be 610, but unimpeachable te could Wb proved by mony of middle aged "white settlers to be between 60 and 55 years Of aire. So that one patent reason w hy sav- ages show less baldness than UiSed man Is that they bo seldom wurvive tneir hair, or live long enough to de- velop this shining characterist c. . But the question that interests us most keenly is not what has happened in the past, but w hat is .likely to hap. pen in the future. Are we becomi heads, or Is there g- a race of bald- still some hbpe , for our locks and curls So far as we is dis- are able to judge. the, outlook tinctly hopeful. Accurate Data Missing. When due allowance has bee made for the much greater life end u ranee and correspondingly advanced lage at- talned by civilized man, it is doubtful where his increase in baldness o ver the savage is more than 10 per cen t, and (over the : barbarou s, or i barbai riao, 6 per cent. And a bodily tructure or organ which has lost only- 10 per cent of its vigor is certainly in a prettv fairly flourishing and prosperous! state. It Is perfectly astounding what an utter lack . there is of accurata data, upon any -of the phases of this question. Nobody has ever taxen tne trouble a military hegemony of victorious Russia. The political force of a power jn time of peace is;always In proportion to the military force it would dxercise or would be expected to exe.rcise in time of war. - But this is not all. We must take account of another important fact. 'Tin;' immense Russian empire is half European and half Asiatic, bounded by Sweden, , Germany, Austria, Roumania, Turkey, Persia, China and Japan. Each of. these frontiers has its special political policy, we may say its special interests and its representative men, in Petrograd. So Russia has a European policy, a Balkan policy, a Turkish policy, a Caucasus policy and an eastern or oriental policy. But precisely because it has so many frontiers and S0 many different policies Russia can never congregate and concentrate all ts forces in a European policy alone. Its necessity to pay attention to itsj other interests will separate it periodically from European doings, weakening its action in the old continent, as has been -the case in the past. j j " The Russian policy could bei called , a sort of pendulum that periodically "swings between Asia and Europe. From 189S ito i9i)S Russia occupied itself with its Asiatic policy, not! paying much attention to how things were going in Europe, and, thanks to this indifference, relations with Austria and Germany were quite friendly. But the war with Japan turned Russia again toward Europe.. . j , The alliance with France again was taken up, amplified and reinforced. The entente with England was j concluded, which was a real revolution in European politics. Russia again: concerned herself with the Balkans and the smaller. Slav peoples. so neglected during the previous ten years. A sort of understanding was concluded with Japan, the enemy of yes terday, both adopting as a far eastern policy the keeping of things In their present state. But as relations with Japan were becoming better, those with Austria and Germany were getting worse. The crisis of Bosnia-Herzegovina came, and Russia was obliged to give in to the German threats. Economic questions grew hard, too Germany wanted to renew certain commercial treaties, into which Russia, on the other hand, wanted to introduce essential modifcations; and for this low threats were made by Germany. : " Represents Supreme Crii. J - The Balkan ;war broke out; and at last the Serbo-Austrlan war, beginning of. the European conflict. . .1 , So, to a certain extent, the European war represents the supreme crisis of the nj?w policy begun by Kussia after 1905. So we can expect that another swing of the pendulum; will take place toward Asia after this war. Russia will probably, during a certain period of time, take less Interest in the questions of Europe and again become occupied with her Asiatic policy. Just because Russia is not entirely either a European or an Asiatic power, she can never acquire a hegemony either in Europe or Asia, and will remain a power capable of exercising, at certain times, an, action of decisive Importance on both continents.. j. There is still another and last reason why the disastrous effects of an" Austro-German: victory would not follow the triumph of the Anglo-Franco-1 Russian coalition. We have seen in past articles how many special advan tages the two Germarf empires gain by being placed side by side geograph ically. We may add they have the same' language and there Is much affinity between their political institutions. In the coalition, although can consider France and England as being almost side by side (notwithstanding the impediments a small body of water" imposes), between Russia and her allies of the west there stands; the enor mous mass f the two hostile empires. Moreover,'-the languages arid political . institution of these three powers are very different. .' It follows. that a victory could turn into one block the Austro-German alliance but not the allies. The! geograpical distance between these powers, the difference of languages, of traditions, the variety of their political insti tutions is such .that, although in the future as in the past they may form an efficacious alliance to defend themselves, they can never become an alliance for aggrandizement or to make an offensive-war. ',. j.-'-; Masses Want Peace. The very feebleness of which the Triple Entente has for many years given proof demonstrates this, as it is also demonstrated by the relative unpreparedness in which the present Anglo-Franco-Russian coalition allowed itself to be surprised by the war.j For alljthese reasons a victory of the Triple Entente seems to legitimize greater; and better hopes for those who desire that this war will give rla to a long, secure peace. It canbe said the masses, who are the ones who really want peace everywhere, have found out these things, little by little, because everywhere in Europe thty are partisans of the Anglo-Franco-Fussian coalition. Among the upper classes, jis in the intellectual world, there ar differences of opinion, but not among the masses of the people. Among the working classes I of Europe today there is a sort of ideal faith growing that with the triumph of the Anglo-Franco-Russian coalition all wars will be over, that militarism will fall, and an era of eternal peace will begin. Man has always dreamed jof this eternal peace even In times w hen he needed it less I than now; all religions and all empires have 'periodically announced it,, even if facts periodically denied the promises; so there is no reason why this hope will not come forth again stronger than ever now amidst the horrors of this, the worst war ever seen. How could we tolerate the sorrow and pain of this terrible hour if j.t were not that we hope this war will be the last, that the horrors and ruins of today will at least; save our children and grandchildren from; a similar misfortune? Does hope, i in this as in other circumstances, simply smooth kloWn the difficulties-of life? That a victdry of the coalition would assure Lurope of a long period of secure peace seems to me certain. Less certain appears the idea that it will inaugurate a new period of history by the fall of militarism, the progress of which for a century has so profoundly perturbed the life of Europe, even to the point of provoking this ;war. This may even be among the probable efforts of victory, ;but it appears. lesssure because to produce' it a victory of the Anglo-Franco-)Russian coalition would not suffice. A great uprising of public spirit would be necessary civilization would need to be headed in another, direction -arid it is very difficult to see to what measure and. in what time this will take place. What is the uprising of this public tion? Ve shall; see in our next studies. - . " i article, Next Sunday Profeor Ferrero 4Ucutea the growing- feeling that mili tarism must-be unlverally crushed. DR. WOODS to count, not noses, but bright crowns, among, say, 1000 savage's. 1000 bar barians and 100 civilized men, and see exactly, what the percentage of bald ness under the age of 60 was 16 each of the groups. j Our best, and most careful anthropol ogists tell us frankly that the data bas never been collected, and we are deal ing only j with t general impressions which may be sound, but are) often fallacious. -Not only so, but we have never! made the count in - different groups and classes of civilized man. For instance, as between country dwellers and city dwellers; between day laborers and business men; be tween sailors and fishermen and pro fessional, men. j . j .: Yet we nearly all of us feel sure that City dwellers are much "more apt to, be bald at an early period than country dwellers, and that' college men, professional men and successful busi ness men have a much higher percent age of bright and shining scalps than have day laborers. . - One. of the reasons, probably, (why no one has ever taken the apparently sim ple step of counting Is that audiences, for the most part, are composed of mixtures of all sorts and classes. - Even city men have, many 4f them, been born and spent a-third jof their lives so far in the country, and also, that in looking over an audience and counting the Ivory tops, we lhave no knowledge whatever of the ages' of the respective Individuals. ! I should personal y be inclined!: to "kioubt whether there is much more dlf- iference between a group of fishermen and sailors or day laborers nd arti sans t and : one. of business or prof es- Slafial men,, than that due to the higher kverage age of the latter class. Tramps Are Bald Headed, Just simply as ; an Illustration, which mav or may 'not be worth noting, one of th baldest headed audiences I ever taw in my life was an assemblage of spirit? This new headine offciviliza- which will be the conclusion of these HUTCHINSON about 160 tramps and' "casuals" in a municipal lodging house, populated al most entirely by men underi 46 years of -age. ' t Certainly there Is no rank or ciunn of society In which baldness! under bu Is uncommon. Nor is there anything In the habits -Of life and methods of cohering or caring for the head which should make the hair of the city dweller or of the office man and indoor' worked any' less vigorous and enduring than that of the farmer and the day laborer. Data ob tained from dermatologists and physi cians making a special study of. dis eases of the scalp give us no help. First, for the reauon that only those who are either becoming bald or nave 1 fairly , good reason to fear that they are threatened with this calamity ever think of consulting a physician about the state of their hair. Although a dorstor nay have, say, BOO patients suffering with some de gree of baldness " within a'y-arj".we don't know whether ihmn patients represent a population of 6006 or 60.000. r: The second rcawon that make thr figures of physicians and ho(itars valueless is that while a tonide,rall majority of these patients who 0 to sA iiirin un account 01 ininxilng or! hair and baldness are of the no-cnlleil higher, city and more uccesful classes, there is a' perfectly good reason for this In the fact that these are the only people who are. in the first place, sufficiently sensitive about their personal appearance, and, in' mj secoidt place, have the money to pay the 'high fees-Involved. . f The average farmer or day laborer who finds himself becoming bald either 'pays no attention to it or goes to a drug store and buys a bottle or two of somebody's patent hair re newcr. - However, estimates of these expert - (Contiiied on Following Page). - it . ! - ' " ' if-i .-ill:.-:; .. 'rrcm s--..: A.
