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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 25, 1904)
TF1C C'TGOtf SUNDAY JOUFNfAt; PORTLAND, 8UNDAY MORNINQ, SEPTEMBER tS, 1904. The An lerican Public Sckool System V. I By LADY HENRY SOKZTCZT by w. a. Beent, flwt Brttala suable iMimit . N -OTHINQ has impressed me mart taring war frequsnt visits to America Uu tbs ni t thusieam which prevails ta rs- Card to education. America, as a imt damoeratlo souu- tn th-world that . upon her common school rtiU um rounoauon or im nu welfare wf her community, and um fact that Um child Of tha millionaire sad of ths artleaa are educated aids toy side, and that aa Amerioea nua has to apolo gue if be Modi his chyd to any other chooL because ha la doing- something un-American, la ta my opinion ona of ' Um btu factors 1 maintaining nor rani democracy. I shall not Toadllr forgot UM ImproS sloa that thU produced a poo the first tlmo I went OTr a great ptbllo ohool Ul Boston. To an English woman aocustotned, to Um eeparatlon of tlimi, la mat tars aduoatlonal aa well aa ao rtal. I realised strongly tho greet bond that tho eherlng of aduoatlonal sdvsn tagos must neoeesertly briny about, and how conducive it ahould bo to a com moa onderatandlng between capital and lihiw from the vary fact that tho child of um mlllhand can bo found atdo by aid ' la tha sohool with Um child of Um em ployer. ' Another faatura which aacaaamrtly Im , pressse tha Bna-iiah obaarvar to the co education of tha eexee. Thla ay stem haa - boon vary pithily aumaMd up aa bain ' "pxeforrod to any otbar beosuee. f1ret,1t - a natural. It la tha ordinary structure of tho family and aoolaty, it la ouatomarr, because It la la harmony with tha hablta and sentiments of rery-day ,lf" ond tha lawa of tha atata; rt ia impartial, ba oauaa tt off ara to tha ana aax Um asms opportunity for suKurs that tho othor , enjoys. It la aoonomleal because It uaaa Um aohool funds to tha bast advantage. It Is convenient both -for support and la assigning grading, toechlug and dle 'slpllne, and It la beneflolal to mind a, morels, hablta and tho development of pupils." --. 4 Another fearors which commands tt sslf to ma moat strongly In tha Amert : oaa system Is tha promlnanoa given to ths womaa aduoator. Sixty-eight par sent of tha whola of ths taachlns ataff, from tha primary sohooU to tha unlver gltlee, ara woman, , , Tba aaeond potnt which to my mind Is oaoaUant la tha aooial standing which . a given to teacher. Nothing- la mora raswttabU than tha chum Una draws to THRRB ara many secret saetouss la Europe, but without a doubt ths Mafia of Italy la ths worst of all, for Its members openly defy tha Uvwa of God and man with an impunity that essiim iiwiradlbls to ths Mth century. Murders, thefts sad arson are to them tnoideata, not crimes, while even the saacUty sf family Ufa lb invaded If so tho Mafia wills 1L Ths Mafia la aot a ehlM sf today, but a hoary old blackguard of ages, who got- mora thaa too years baa wrought havoo with Um morals of Italy and her people. ... gtrango though ft may seam, this dread organisation had Its- origin In a perfectly togitlmats souros. At grow up in glrtly. where ths people from time immemorial have always boon opposed to arbitrary government, fighting la tura again ths armed f oreea of. the Arabs, tha Normans, ths French, ths Bpenleb, and. last of sll. tho Bcrbona. Consequently, after centuries of fight . 4..im iMtinot orew un among thorn, and culminated la tho formation" f a society to protect new mw sgainet sll recognised authority. This society, being unable to meet Its masters in ths open field, resorted to thieving. satsaalnn4- and axsoo to ashlers its bJnot. ' When ths people had as foreign mas ters to murder, too baser sort began to pillage their weaker countrymen, who. fssleted by ths author! tiea, essayed to punish tha avU-doars. Ths result was just ths oontrary to what had been ex pected, ss all ths malefactors in ths laland formed them eel vee into a eeoret society for mutual protection. Thus did the Mafia see the light of day. Its In fluence soon spread, and sow uxteods to all porta of Italy. Ita influence on polities to eeMWmoua, yet It la not a purely poliuoal organisa tion, nor a purely criminal oaa It has no paid official a, no oommltfaes, ao elected chiefs, but la their plaos a aya tam somewhat akin to Freemasonry without Its formalities whereby Its members attain a oertaln position of eminence among their fallows by senior ity sr deeds accounted useful to ths brotherhood. ' la each tows there la a parson mutu ally recognised as ths emtoaary between ths "brothers" and tho higher powers, who In Important oases advise what methods are to be pursued, whereas fn minor ones each member uaaa hia awn discretion, knowing quits well that should occasion arise be will receive as olatanos from headquarters. Where theee headquarters are no one knows except ths intermlsaary In each town. They may one day be at Palermo and tha next at Turin. Before a man oaa Join ths Mafia be has to go through a aeries of otriot pro bationary trials, whereby ha Is tested In hundreds of ways as to hia fltneaa for tha "rod mantle. as tho Slclllsns call it. Then, whoa ho has aatlsfled hia Judges that he la worthy of membership, he la Initiated toto the dread fraternity. Tha oeremony ta ahort hut terrible, aa ths man, after smearing aa Image sf his JAPAN haa become known mors and mors to ths Americans snd Euro peans rsosnUy snd ths novel Japan m giving way to ths real Japan. It ta, however, sn anqueeUonsbls fact that mlaoonoeptlond shout her people are still held by them, even by these who claim to know sll ttungs Japaneee welL A gross, and, t am vary aorry to aay, deep-rooted misconception ts that Japan has sprung at a single leap from seml barbarlsm to ths civilisation of today that the hermit nation had beea dream ing, separated from tho world for thou sands of years -that ths door waa in trusively opened by Commodore Parry only 40 years ago, and that ths atmo sphere of tho occidental civilisation has flueaUy blows Into the oountry Bines then. Up to that tlma ths Islanders had beea entirely Ignorant and unoul ..mI anlvknowlnei how to make tea (Qmut. 100a, 1 yrT I .i.J '.'-;;..' :-V H. rivbrsdale coghlan v -...- I and how to arrsaga powers. Such England. Tha board oahool teachers, who. ara teftnltsty bat tar aduoatad than tha aona and daughters of profoaalonal man, ara not placed on a aortal equality with clergymen and doctora and their famlltaa; In a am all village, for Instance, tha schoolmaster, who probably knowa, with tba exception of tho elergyman. mora, thasv any ana la tha plaos, la atin Admitted to UM snored praelnott of try soolotev : Thla la dlaaatrous la Its sffaota: for. 11a It may aa aald that tha aduoatad man or woman oaraa UtUo for tha 00 tloa or Intaroat of thoaa who may oon aldar UMmaalToa aoo tally bu parlor, but who ara aduoatlonally Inferior, at tha aama tlma It has a daterrant affaet on many who would otharwlsa parhapa adopt tha oalrlnC) and jrho might ba wall flltM for It by lnharitad eultura. MoraoTsr. X think It atrlkaa at tha root of Um rani prlaolpla whleh-haa boilt up tha Amartoaa achool. foa tha- publlo - . (OepyrifM, WH, ar W. B. BeereM ' ELECTRICITY w able to tear ths atoms and oorpuacleo of matter apart, transport them to a 41a taaes sad build them UP into new forms and comMaatlona. . Or It oaa reduce metals from ores to a pure eta. d K also sepsrstas bmuus zrom encn other. Alt gold has traeaa ef platinum along 'with It In tha ores. And gold usually takes up soma or in is wnen re duood. and many specimens of the yel low metal Include the - One metals Iridium and palladium. But so matter how minute the quantities may be, elec tric Mirrenta drag them apart sad de posit each abeolutely purs. Ail are rsmiliar wun eisexro-pmiins, where base metale ara spread over with thin nlma off gold or silver. The usual way for many years was to suspend tho article to be plated In a bath In a plating h.n nil what are called convection flows of electricity have been' made to tear off oorpuacles ol gold, convey mem In delicate epray through the sir and plaster them with great force against any other metal - or auoetance. xne coating oaa be mods exoeeeively thla or as heavy as desired. Thus eloth or lace cam oe -piarea favorite saint with blood drawn from hia body, sets ths imago sa flea and takes Um following oath: "I swear oa my honor to be faithful to the brotherhood. As this saint and ths drops of myhlood ara destroyed, so ll I shed all m flood for the frater nity; and ss thoaa dahea and thla blood oan hover bo reetored, so can I never be come free from thla brothsrhood.- But this to not sll; for, drawing re volver, he shoots at a crucifix, thereby showing hia wUlitumcee to klU hia near est relation If so oommsnded. Thaa ths oercraony of InlUaUon to finished. Hia asms Is not written la any local record, but la sent to headqoartara. where by mouth It la oommunicated to ths various Mafloei to ths districts where the now member lives. Theee in itiate him Into the various signs sad or dinances of vthe brotherhood. If ba to unfaithful to tha oauss a dacgec quickly shuts hia mouth forever. ' Ths bond that anltes the Marios! Is not a political one, for Republicans sad Royalists are. among Its members; to not a religious one, for Catholics and Protestants, Atheists and Mussulmans embrace its oread; It la not a social one. for nob lee and peaaanto, bankers and journal lata, lawyers and artlaana obey Its laws. Tho bond that Joins this bet erogeneoua mass of humanity to one of reciprocal liability. If a member commit a crime be knows that he will be supported by men ta all branches of life who will pause at noth ing td outwit lust Ice. In political mat ter also tho members bind themeelveb together, frequently changing Um whole character of an election If they desire one of their members to besoms a dep uty. Then, again, whan one of their members starts a saw business, they will flock round him aad purchase goods from his shop. Ths Mafia Is not, tt muat be dearly understood, a society sf brigands In ths ordinary sense sf the word, for tt does not confine iteslf to attacks oa the Indi vidual, but at tlmea makes war on ths community, such as raising the price of provisions at the risk of starving the populace, ao that ita latereeted mcmbera may profit thereby. It will allow any one of its members to cheat ss much ss It llkaa, so long sa he to fair to hia fellow members, but ahould ho be found guilty sf unfair deal ing with a brother, ho Immediately pays tha penalty of death. . Ita greatest power, however. Is ta ths protection of Its members from punish ment for crimes committed. The Judge on the bench, the prosecuting counsel and tha gendarmes- may be Mafloei. so powerful In sll branches of society Is ths sect. A short time ago a foul mur der was committed la broad daylight la one of ths chief streets of Palermo. Ths criminal was caught red-handed, but managed to break away from tha poMoo and dart dowa a narrow allay. A veritable steeplechase followed, aa oa tha cry of "Mafloal" being raised the polios found their way Impeded by peo ple throwing chairn. tables snd anything they oould lay their hands an out sc um windows . a to bs ths notion ehsrishel by. ths erners. They rssogntae that ta Japan oommon aohool boys snd girls understand hard literary and sclenUflo lessons well thai Kant and Spencer ara read by them without touch difficulty. It eaa ba aald without exaggeration that ths Japan ese eobolara have made many worthy dlaooveriea aad inventions in ths purs and applied sciences, although the awd arn ooloncss had beea absolutely un known ts them until tt years ago, ho tha Bumber sf scholar pursuing soton ttfte studies has boon wary small. Professor Beaiys, who threw toaeh light Into tha study of earthquakes snd volcanoes) Professor Mftoukuri, who has made great discovert ee In embryology of reptiles: Profeeeere Kitaeots and Ogata, who both stand as authorities of bao teriolcgy theee are not only ths re nowned scholars of Japan, hut ths dls ttoguiahsd sotsattoto of ths world aleo. aohool rn Amorloa laoaraatas ths amar Icaa apirlt as doaa nothing olaa. It la Um grant national quagtton, and tha pao pla. bavins takan tt Into thatr band a, hara lifted It out of all narrow, aaotar tan or political taauaa. Xndead, I Tan tura to any that If thla apirlt wars mora prsvalant la England many of tba graat aat dlfflcultlaa which baaat our oduoa Uonal auaatloa would ba gona, Ths mathoda,of tha American acbool ayatam ara tha moat admlrabla In tba world. 'Tha quaatlon of dlartnllna la mora thoroughly, understood thara than In any pthar oountry- Tha taachar la now mm Ion car an autocrat, whosa m Uvaa ara navar auppoaad to ba undar stood by hia puplla, but rathar ha la a friand who taachaa by auggsatlon and axplanation and takes a pride In Identi fying himself with tha feelings and un deretandinga of hia elaaa, Dlaclpllna fn eonarqnane has not oeaeed to exist, but on the contrary tba with gold, sod ths precious metal can ba forced Into tho text ore in 'intricate de si gne of great beauty. So sloth of gold may ha made with all tha gold la sight, not hidden In tha Interior of the threads. Leather, wood. . paper, fvory, ate, eaa1 aleo ba plated. ' Ia metallurgy ths moat aatonatvs tm provementa are la sight from ths use ef Induced electricity. Xf a ootl of wire Is placed around another, then If a cur rent Is paaaed through one. there will be a current Induced in the other with no oonnecUoa between them. All the wires may be wrapped with allk, to be In sulated. ' Now aa elect rlo furneee haa been mads which utilises tha ara Itself as a aubetftuta for one af tha ecus. No ear rant la sent into tha era, aa before, but la Induced therein with rapid reduction. That wonderful process of making re-' fined emclble tool steel oaa be dupli cated at reduced cost. Ia fact, lmprove menta In the manufacture of steel ara of vast importance now. Copper and sine have been extracted from their orea by means of Induced electricity at muob lower ooat than be fore known. Aluminum oxldea ara mixed with coke, Itself a sonduntor. Ths man escaped, and to this day be has never been apprehended, si though ths police know bis Whereabouts. They dare not arrest him. . . They fear tba Mafia. As to its political toftuence, sak aa Italian ths aacret of Crispi'a success, and he will toll you to tws words, "The (Osayrlget, S94. by W. B. BearaC) ITH a publlo school system oovenns almost ths entire territory of ' ths United, Btstos of America, and fur- niahing tha opportunity for Instruction to sll elaaeoa of our people, U ta a sig nificant fact that millions of dollars ara expended annually to the support of dlauaettvoly Christian schools. .- Ths wonder hi that such sn sxpsndl ture should be made by a people ao given to tha love and worship of money. Thla fact shows that, despite the atheto tic and eoml-athelstle sentiment so prev alent, ths Asm rices people are not yet ready to give up ths Bible, their belief in Ood, and their bops sf Immortality. Tho common sense of our people accords with the conclusions of the deepest thinkers of our age; they reject ths dan gerous fallacy that we can have moral ity without religion. Vstn at tempt I As well try to bind a Bsngsl tiger with silken thread. Tho Babel tower of a godless veduca tion oan rise only high enough to catch the retributive lightnings that always flesh forth to destroy thosO who persist la Um mad none of trying to put asunder what Ood haa inseparably joined to gether. There eaa be no morality worth the name which is net based oa a reoog niuon of Ood and aoass sc aooouata- butty to Hun. , . In tho language ef a noted Chrlsttaa aduoator: "In a Christian land morality divorced from religion Is ths emptiest of sll ths empty names by which a de ceitful philosophy has Minded and cor rupted too world." Thla truth la also expressed ta Washtngton'S fa re weir ad dress to which there ara other sugges tions that It would bo well for the American people to ramemher at ths present tlma. Under our constitution tt Is evident that ths state oan not undertake to teach religion. The frame ra of our govern ment were- particularly careful to guard themselves and their posterity from tho evils which have always resulted from the union of church and atata. The cor ruption of religion and ths disorganisa tion of' tha civil government Inevitably follow. la theory wa era committed to a total Separation of church and state. A Misc A young Japanese by tha name of R. Nakajlma studied at Tale and graduated from that university with high honors about It years ago, and he Is now a professor of ths Tokto university. Tha flritietem of Kant'a philosophy, which wss written by him as hia theala for hia degree, wss ao profound snd accurate that tha faculty and members sf ths college were quits surprised st tt. Many young Japanese soms to Amer ica and go to Europe to study. There appears to bs no American oollego where Japaneee eannot be found. The dif ficulties they hsvs ta coming hara to study are In a nders tending and using English practically. - As this to' over come their sbuitles are shows. It may pot bs sles to talk much about ths good things of one's country, but I am sow ander ths necessity of telling tho facta Can a race, who hsvs been entirely ignorant and uncultured, bs ab ruptly followed by their children glva thatr alleglaaoa far mora readily to a man or womaa whom they realise to be in full eyntpathy with thameclvae, and they begla to under stand why It la that obedience la a neo eaaary virtue and that their eaa aim ought to be to derlva the greataat poeei bla benefit from the prlrllegea of acbooL Again. 1 think that the true patriot lam la better taught In tha American aohool than, la any other. .-The foot that tha American flag wsvea over every achool houae; that the children ara taught to aalute the flag; that Um national conge ara part of tha aohool curriculum; that annlveresiiee ara celebrated la commem orating tba great hletorls sventa of the oountry, are In tbemaelvea a liberal edu cation la national feeling.'' I was much Unpreeeed at Boston by tha way In which tha alien ao soon aa slmllatee the sense of American eltlsen hip, that to tha many who come core and etrloken to find new. hope sad a new Winders of . Electro - meetrieltr la than applied sad ths whits OmxaI POOfcl ex9PwBxiexc ' The art af handling - all -hinds ef metal la being changed throughout the world. Thus hi South Africa Is 1101 thara wars extenelve applications of electricity hi tha gold mines. Look at this result. tta.SIT ounces of tslUngs' wers treated and .Its ounces ef strictly purs gold secured. Thla would have all gone to waste before tha dla oovery of this new process. : Not toss remarkable than work with metals si ths transmutation ef matter la other branches of elect ro-chemloal activity. Vast quantities of nitro-bea-mna ara changed to aniline by ths mys terious agency electricity. -t All have seen the splendors sf ths co lore assumed by aniline. A wonder appears In this process that haa baffled all chemists to explain" oatslyali. Thla Is where a substance seta up chemical action la others production of aniline. But the lead la not acted upon Itself, and Is one sf ths ehlef myaterlee of na ture. Thus a chunk or plate of lead near tha .nltro-benxlne whoa tho elec tricity la acting, will facilitate tha pro duction of aniline. But the lead la not effected. Many eases are knows where ART Art an - Vag rerfeottoa helgwt. Vaau ae farther Timely V By BISHOP O. P. FITZGERALD and X haps we shall aever depart from tt ia praeuos. But ws are eommlrteeL-te what ts nailed ths American publlo school sys tem, and we must take It as it laat least for ths sreeeat. 'Under ths opera tion of thla ayatam the educatlea of our children Is tot out as a government con tract. Taxed Indirectly for ths support of the public schools, the parent haa but little realisation of ownership In them snd feels but slightly any sense of re sponsibility for their management. Di rect taxation Is a potent stimulant to vigilance on tha part of taxpayers aad eonsequeaUy It m also a stimulant to economy snd fidelity on tho part of pub llo servants. ? . Tha accessary limitations of a stats school ayatam need not be insisted on In this connection. -These limitations grow out of the aim pie foot that ths field Is sorrowed by constitutional re strictions. The inevitable snd Invincible disabilities muat ba accepted. Wa will try to be thankful that they are aot greater. As matters new atsnd tho publlo schools furnish tho only mease by which the maiosa oan obtain the rudiments of learning. Almoet anything la better than the Ignorance which ia the hotbed of all that is vile aad dark and saages- But ths Mas most be drawn aoene whers dlsttooUy. Beginning with ths primary grades, and ending with the grammar aohoola. may do for tho pros unt. ss wa are dealing with actual eon dlttona. not amusing ourselves with Uteorixtngs. ' Fathers snd mothers Ore ths world's first teachers, and ought to be the best Ths work of religious instruction ahould begla ta tho family circle aad should be coeval with the daw of intellect The groundwork of every child's moral char acter ahould ba laid before It ts old enough to enter oven tba primary grade of any school outside the homo. The parents duty is one that eannot bo dele gated. This duty Is to see to It that tha very first principles Instilled Into the oh lid's mind, ths very first, taiprse alone anode upon Its moral nature, are la acoordaaoe with divine truth. eoaid 'shs me aat - j u she saw and swift aisriiwimgsi ptumugh aU her beta sen -he has bat ess res goto fro ed has ' place gjigg awjaav ' i swell Otas Basse to Baa ; yianahiso BuUasto, - -- : Atout Japan with such shuttles Can sueh a great tump aa ths wee terse ra think the Jap aneee hsvs mads to their progress bs a possible thing sociologically or psy ehologloallyt Aalda from reasoning, 1st tos make soms remarks from ths historical facta, which 1 think will prove thai ths peo ple of ths sld Jspaa wee aot satlrsly uncultured. Tho llteraturs that has sprouted and has flourish ed ta tho Sunrise Land la not much below that- of any western oountry, both ta quality and quaettty. Ths feudal system is very aafavsrabls to literature. Japan waa under that ayatam for a long, long time, yet her literature has aot been much withered by tt. There is no doubt that If for a shorter time that system were la ex istence, greater and bettor llteraturs would hsvs beea. In the A rat place of poetry. ' A great many posts bars spy eared la tho Island beginning tha stars on the American flag abine out aa a beacon right, and bet ter conditio na tall tha children that- they have not traveled In vain. Again, think the increasing Impor tance givan to tha teaching of otrloe la of Incalculable advantage. Ho bettor ohject-leeeoa of a practical kind can ba Imagined than ths miniature town meet ing that are hld. for it la eommoa la Maaaachuaetta, I understand, to trans form the class Into a town meeting for a civic leeaou, or into a board of alder men ar common council. . What' mora sensible education could be givan. and what oould be dona that -could really In struct children better, - as to ths great reeponslbliltiee that are awaiting tbeta In the democratic oountry of which they are a potent part? But the enthusiasm o ths American for hia aohool la not limited to words or cysteine. . The money spent In educa tion la Amorloa la equal to tha combined Gkemwtry : I to make a new sompound. but simply by placing some other aubatanos near than, they tola at snos end with great force. 1 This opens up ths question of radio-activity to general. For all knowa matter Is now supposed to emit radia tions. Now It to thought- that rays from tho lead aot oa the absmlcala to oauss tba changes, in ' which ease tba - lead itself did not meet with mutation, Oxygen and hydrogen are now secured la great quaatltlea for commercial use by means of electricity, where for years the eeparaUoa of these . gases from water was a costly laboratory experi ment. - - It has bean said by eeoaomtats that mankind would set up a cry for nitro gen for food for plants; that the supply of nitrates la rapidly diminishing in tba mines. But sow electricity rescues K from tho sir, that Inaxhauatlble reser voir. In short, the entire science sf ohemlatry vseema to be aettllng down to aa electrical basis, with, great .benefit to tho world. . And In all direction electricity Is ramifying, and Its multitudes of uses are expending si aa unprecedented rata Waves in apace la dally use la wireless two phases of matter will not unite telegraphy have been measured. Tha d HUNTING party of Christian Na I f r tlona, being oat In search of f V Game, descried a Chraoaa Coolie sitting at rest under a Cinna mon Tree tn the depths of ths force t, kegaHng himself upon a frugal lunch sf Chop Busy, hlo well-laden Baskets dis posed to Um path before him. -Let us," whispered the leading Crrris- Ths lmportsnes of early and faithful religious training- hi ths family eannot be too strongly urged. , Ths oonse qusnoea of neglect hers can never be fully iwpelred. Ths twisted shrub will show a deformity ta ths tree when tt ts grown. This duty eannot be postponed. Tha mind of a child, left to Itself, will seise on something tt may be soms spa cious srror under Um name of religion, or It may fasten its random grasp upon Um dreary negations of Infidelity. It la a fearful experiment thus to throw aa Immortal apirlt upon the troubled esse of human Ufa without chart or oompaas to swim if be oan, to drown if be can not. Theee are truisms, do yon aayt Tea, they ara truisms unchangeably true snd unspeakably Important. To ths family and the church ws must look for ths religious education without which this republic must perish. Ws have gone far enough In the direction of paternalism in our political Institu tions the paternalism which means usurpation and extortion, hiring tho largest number Of officiate and feeding the largest number of parasites. That keea-alghted and phlloeophleel Frenchman. De Tooquevlllo. to bis book, "TMmocraey In America," says the strength snd safety of our Americas In stitutions depend upon tha perfection of our municipal system, ths efficiency of ths local administration. Tha friendly Frenchman speaks truly. Political blun dering endtmalfeasenoe may oppress and Irritate, but cannot overthrow the liber ties or fatally cripple the prosperity of a community that keeps all right at borne, Summarily: Let ua emphatically re affirm the truism. "That government la beat which governs leaef It aeema to ma a word ta season, If properly under etood snd rightly sopited st ths present urns ta theee UnlteT States of America, our own country, which wo love with sn Its faults. Ant let ths horns and the' church awaken to see ths responsibility that cannot ba evaded, snd with the Inspira tion of true patriotism and a mighty faith In the Ood sf our fathers make a fresh ooneeoratton of themaelvaa to ths duties that devolve upon them la the work of saving our republic from pre vailing errors sad threatening dangers. Empire. Tory noted among them are Taehlnari. Sadaiye, Salggo, Jlohla, Kea ho sad others Their beautiful wards wars aot and srs aot. known to the foreign people. A sorrowful thing la thla Will it ba so ta ths future? Tho poet snd scientists ars bora not pnly for their own oountry, but for tbs world also. Ts give great Ideas In a few words has been the eharscterlsue method of Japaneee poets, snd many of thsm wars the alngers of nature. Beatdea thoaa who wrote poems ta their mother tongue there have beea many who expressed their deep onao ttons and laiaai nations hi Chinese poems. Tbs collection of poems tn Japanese snd In Chinese, which hsvs been written by hundreds of poets for a thousand years, are ao innumerable that a big library oould be filled with only theee hooka, con Mining , thousands sf Totumsa. X am glad to gay that ths genr hex naval aspendlturaa of England, Franca and Germany, and tha amount spent on the common echools has trebled since 1170, while private benefactions have been lavished upon tt during tha last 10 yea re to tha amount of fU.OOO.Ooo, When wo la England acknowledge UM supremacy of tha American achool we ash oureelvoe how such a atata of things came about, and then we remember that the first oettlera In North America were repreaentatlvee of the two people who had, mora than any others, made prog ress In aduoatlonal questions tha Mmm- 11 sh and the Dutch. Ia New York, where of eonrea the Dutch influence was at first predomi nant, tba system of maintaining' the ele mentary schools at public expanse waa initiated. It waa tba outcome of what were- then ths very.advaneed views held by a few In tha Netherlands; but when the English assumed control of tha col ony of New York little further nrogrene pro edgar-iISST following lengths have been out out of apaos by receiving instruments: 1,149. l.tlS, !,. 1,111, l.Wl. HI, 440. 140, 101 and 00 fast. Bueh oscillations as these convey human intelligence from plaos to place. clantlOe literature la teeming with such sentenoee sa the following: "Mat ter la composed of electric atoms." "No other conception of electricity Is mat ter." "Electricity Is the bees of matt sr." etc Twenty years ago it Is doubtful If a great scientific paper la tho world would have published these statements. The prehistoric doctrine that mind ta refined matter la oomlng to the front again. Tba word "spirit" haa almost disappeared. Tho new dictionaries will have many changes to record. Tha N rays that radiate from ths hu man spins! column have been explored. Wbea ganglia ara paaaed over their presence oan bo detected with accuracy. Thla queatloa of N rave may lead to great things in the way of diagnosis. Here Is a curious quotsUon from ths American Journal of Psychology: "Kind constructs tha body mora than body produces mind," But this sots started out with electro-chemistry, yet ma na grid to get ground to that ' TMTitr subject, hurasa mentology. . Far " Eastern Fatlcs for Br ARTHUR McEWEN tlau Nation, "advance stealthily, fall upon this friendless Chink snd Partition the contents of hia Baskets among na." Ths proposal waa received with entbe ataam, and the Grand March of Civilisa tion toward ths Coolls sod. his Baskets began.' "The stuff of this Heathen who's a child of Satan, la already aa good ss Ours." murmured the Nations. "Tha fool hasn't learned to Pack a Que" Suddenty from the woods behind the Defence leas -Coolie stepped a Jap, carry ing two Mauser Rifles. One he gavs to ths Chinaman and the outer he retained, and both Mongolians Cooked their Weapons The Nations, surprised and Justly In dignant, hastily retreated. On reaching a distant place of safety, they held a meeting, organised a Mutual Protective Association, named It "The Concert of tho Powers." snd adopted strong Reso lutions warning Christendom that a New Terror among mankind had arisen, which threatened ths beneficent progress of True Religion snd ths Best Civilisation. This New Terror they described as the TBL.IXW PEHIJU and besought all good Chrlatlana to pray and Arm against tt for their Protection. Moral: Nations aa wall as oar porters may sometimes wake up ths wrong pas senger. The QtkM ids st the BatoHL " ' A Chinese Coolie who wss hi aching ta ths deptba of the forest under tho shade of a Cinnamon Tree wss shout to bo Robbed of his Bssketo, and perhaps sf his Life, by a band of Caucasian Ma rauders, whan he waa rescued from hia Deadly Peril by the opportune arrival of a Jap with two R I flea, one of which he bestowed am bis bias-eyed Tel low Brother. 4 At sight of ths Mausers ths Robbers retired la hasts to their owa Stamping 1 round, there to lay plots for preying upon ona another. Left to them eel vee. ths Jap and ths Coolie shook bands warmly, and ths tot ter aald to tba former: "ix you win leacn ms now to use inis weapon of the Outside Barbarian whose mysteries you have mastered, the two of ua Standing Together eaa hasHy Hold Off these Christian Th levee who wore so near to Partitioning among thoaa ths Goods la my Baskets. "Be not Afraid," returned ths Jap, Tvs been doing s Thing or Two lately that has esused our Christian Friends of the West to think it high ttaae to revise their Program respecting the lands into which It is expedient to bear the Lamp of Enlightenment, snd Incidentally pick up feebly aarded valuables. They won't come hers again."- "Are you sure of thatr aaatoualy In quired the Coolie. "Cartels of It," ana war ed ths Jap, "provided you Follow my Lead and hang on to, that Quo." - , v ' "Then, thank Joes cried ths happy Coolie, repeatedly sock roar and sighting his Mauser ta an ecstasy of Relief and Delight. "Um WHITE PERIL to pastl" Moral i Drawing ths color Una . to perils toads to ethical eonfusloa. - ' 1 1 By BUNKICM of our ancestors had a good ehare of literary work, especially tp writing poems and novel a. Regarding thla, 1 quota the words of W. O. Asbtoa, who says: I believe ns parallel la to be found In the history of European lettera to tho remarkable fact that a very large proportion of ths best writings of the beet age of Japanese literature was ths work of worsen. How often ths names of Mure sak I Shtklbu (poetess snd su thoreso) snd Chlyo poetess, srs quoted admiringly today. Among the historians Mltsuklml Ts kugaws 1MI-1TOO) and Sanyo Pal (lTftO-lttt) were ths fore ta oet. Tw former wss the editor of the "History of Great Japan.' which eonls of 11 books, and waa assisted by a v otr echolare. The latter wrote In ternal History of Japan-" Tbs most noted dramstlst waa Mon satmoB Chlkametan. end he la t bo ths Shakespeare -m. 1 was mads mtU after the revelutlo; b Massachusetts led la Um aystomeiM a persevering" policy for educational im provement, and la KIT ths law waa en acted which was ths real foundation the acbool system throughout tha Vw attatea. Thla epoch-ssakin eel, the l of its kind In tho world, waa the o core of Um strong feeling of iO.vue p.-. sons living to S towns, and It reQuirwe) Uuu svory town Of to householders ee tabllsh a school, the master of whlcn should be paid for by Um parents ox ths children taught or by publlo tax. as Um majority, of Um town committer might decide; and It further requlrcdr every-town of 10 families- or household ers to oet up a grammar school la which pupils might bo prepared for Um uni versity, as the new institution at Caax bridge was already designated. Moreover, for the first time, s penalty was attached to Um neglect of these re quiremsnta In the form of a fine to bo devoted to the maintenance of Um near est achool. Weil might Horace Man a say that "It was lmpoaaibls for aa ade quately to conceive Um boldneea of ths measure which aimed at universal edu cation through the eetablletunent of free schools that had had no precedent la the world's history. But urns ratified Its soundness. And, further, the development af ths kindergarten ayatam, of wblea Mies usaa K. Blow waa tha leading exponent, haa become one of the fundamental prin ciples af ths pubHo achool of Um ooun try. In ll, 11,004 children were being educated tn ths kindergartens, arufl with ths extension of thla method ths publlo School system of America haa been made complete. 1 Tha aduoatlonal incentive to America unqueatlonably la that every one has a chance. Tha . wonderful opportunities for the mass so to go to um higher echools and colleges and secure tha beet educa tion practically free la a far better out fit for tha struggle sf life than anything we know of hers, aad from tha first ths American boy knowa that be has only to qualify himself to enter any vocation and to like manner ona of Um great se crets of the American woman's Influenco Is aleo to bo found la Um fact that ah la Infinitely better educated thaa tha average English womaa. - Those who stand foremost In ths fight for educational advantages In Baglanel realise that tha problem la the moot tan portant which eonfronta ovary oltisen, and that unless It Is faced and solved ths eventual welfars of any nation to at stake. , Tod ay A Christian Philosopher aad a Japan ese Pundit, enceunterlna In the Man. churtan desert, seated themselves for Improving Converse. "Tour people." aald the Phlloeopber. "have wonderful Imitative Powers. The manner In which .you have Copied our Western CivlHaatton Is truly smsstng. aad your appropriation of our knowledge of the Art af War on sea and land la astounding, not to any Alarming. Tat. after alt, battleehlpe and torpedo boats snd submarines snd machine guaa and strategy and taettce are but ths Ex ternals of Christian progress. Ton hsvs missed the fine Moral Senas which In forms aad beautifies Our character. That is not to bo imitated; 1t must bd Inherited from generations of Ood-fearing anosstora - You Japanese, for ex ample, have no ooaeepuoa of Commer cial Honor, a virtus which distinguishes us above all others. If you make a Con tract and find you are Losing by It yo seem to hsvs neither hcaltatton nor Shams ta getting out of it If you can. Honor Is the basis of all deailnaa. and without It no Civilisation can rise above a low and discouraging Moral Plane. Ton have no Religion except loyalty ta your Emperor, which isn't any Religion at all, and If Religion la absent your achievements oaa be only secular and therefore Worthless. I must mournfully admit that your people ere sadly de ficient la Spirituality, and bancs can aever take rank with our Noble Selves.' "There Is much truth In wast yot any." aadly confessed ths Pundit, "especially with respect to our want of Commercial Honor. ' Japaneee Grocers have actually beea known to Sand their Sugar, distillers snd vend ere to Adul terate their Sak!, while Baas wood Hams and Wooden Nutmegs have been pieced oa the market. That theee things prove a deficiency In our national Spirituality no educated and candid Japaneee will for a moment deny. Feeling that if wa are to be a Oreat Pcoplo wa must sc qulrs Commercial Honor, 1 have beea making a study of your Business Meth ods In order to convey to my Inferior countrymen the High Lews ona thwy teach. Recently my attention has been given to the history of your Shipyards Truat. tn which Plants worth laes thaa $11,000,000 were capita Heed st 6t,000. 000, and Copper Amalgamated. In which proper t lee bought for flv.000,000 had Stock issued upon them to the amount of fTe.000.000, ths. Insiders ta both tn staneee seeing to tt that even their Best Friends were lot la. It ta Indeed a Mor ally Inspiring aarrattvs. pher, "what Instruction do you draw from tt for your Spiritual Upllftlngr" "This," responded ths Pundit: The great need which now presses upon ths Japanese people, if they would equal, ths West In Uprightness ss well as tn Arms, la a deeper study of the Sermon on tha Mosnt, which, I hsvs been given to un derstand. a your Moral Outdo." Moral: Bel '-righteousness Is IhS most comfortable form of vanity. ARIAKE sa sssoolstloa sf literary men at To' devoted to the studying of the drat written by bias. Neat eomea ptHloaophy to be t up. A large number of scholars wo on thla elds, but the meet fan thinker was Hot LschHM ttshto. w thoughts were characterised with e Mnallty and broadness. With these written by the native thinkers, th neee philosophy hea been eat atudled by the Japanese since a t sands years ago. The 1 (Buddhism) waa Introc 'eeu tnro Chinese st a very e v e very voluminous i read by the J known f t the ve-v t tt h-s ir - r