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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Oct. 10, 1915)
THE SUNDAY OREGONTATf, PORTLAND, OCTOBER 10. 1915. " ' :v X THANKS to the magnificent work now being- done In school dental ments, so that in some progressive towns and districts all the children's teeth in the community are being syo- tematioally and thoroughly examined. treated and recorded, we shall. 20 years from now, have the data to mako a comparison which will really give us reliable information. Personally, I don't mind hazarding the prophecy that it will show distinct improvement in stead of deterioration. It must be remembered that it is only about 35 or 45 years ago that the science of modern dentistry was born, and that dentists were invented and began to go about with a holy zeal for improvement, and tell us what terrible sets of teeth we kept. And few thing have added more already to the com fort, the efficiency and the good looks of mankind than that same invention and crusade. Indeed, it is not too much to say that modern science has already checked or begun to check whatever decadence of modern teeth may have set in. How this has been done is al most a household word. Not only has the school dentist and the army dentist and the prison dentist become a reg ular and indispensable institution, but many of our more intelligent employers of labor on a larger scale are estab lishing dental rooms and dental clinics upon their premises. Among the latest to Join the procession are department stores, life insurance company head quarters and manufacturers. Fully equipped dental rooms are provided in the building, with dentists in constant attendance, who examine the teeth of all employes and do prophylactic or pceventive work free, and then either refer cases requiring more extensive treatment to their private dentist, or make arrangements to do the work at moderate rates and let payments be made in small weekly installments. Applicants for employment, if found satisfactory in other respects, are sent to the dentist for examination and if dental defects are found they are re quired to have these corrected, or to gree to have them attended to within reasonable time, before they are ap pointed to a position. The reasons for this precaution and expenditure are straight-forward and practical ones: First, that it has been found that put ting the teeth in good condition and keeping them so improves the health ADVENTURES Continued from Page 3.) my friend, Mr. Bogger, wants to ask you a question or two. Mr. Barnes." "I'm not Barnes." declared Walling ford. gruffly. "I am his personal rep resentative and business executive. My name's Sears. TJnger, I never saw such a dirty lot of uniforms. Look at that elephant man. It's a disgrace. I want these uniforms cleaned at once." "Yes, sir," said Dnger. "And those cages. Freshen them up right away. If I have to sell this cir cus for Mr. Barnes, I want It in de cent ehape. What are today's profits?" "Over a thousand dollars," said lin ger, brightening. "A thousand?" Wallingford' s face was purple with fury. "Unger, I'm going to investigate this thing, if you know what's good for you, you won't let me eee you on this lot today." "Over a thousand profit," gasped Bogger, as Unger hurried away, look ing for a time table. "Say, Mr. Daw, I thought you eaid that was Mr. Barnes." "He's known as Barnes because he does all the business" returned Blackie lightly. "Barnes is a cripple. Now's your chance, Bogger." 121 ias Bogger stepped forward in stantly, as Wallingford left the un fortunate Unger go. "If I ain't intruding Mr. Sears, let's talk business as man to man. I know the truth about our fix. You have to take $50,000 for this show, today. I'm here with the money." Wallingford glanced Incredulously at Blackie, but put out his hand deprecat ing y. "I promised to sell it to a friend." "Oh!" Mr. Bogger gulped. He was only stopped for a moment, however. "I'll give you fifty-five!" "No." "Sixty." Wallingford hesitated. "Make it sixty-five, spot cash, and we'll go right up to a lawyer's and draw up a bill of sale." Elias studied a long time. "Well." he concluded. "Ira satisfied about the money part. I've asked six or seven men around the grounds here, ana though they don't all say the same thing, they've convinced me that there's a fortune in it every day." Both Wallingford and Blackie care fully refrained from emiling. It re quired no very lively imagination to guess the sort of answers Bogger had received from the attaches of the show. If he had asked them about the money In the circus business. "I didn't believe some of "em," went on Mr. Bogger, hunting about for pome place to write. "One of 'em told me that this circus has a special cast iron car to carry money in, and when it gets full Barnes-has it shipped home, where he has a tall Iron building like a grain elevator to keep it in; but I guess he was Joshing, wasn't he?" "Well," confessed Wallingford. slow ly, "he was exaggerating a little. Mr. Barnes don't have an elevator; he uses vaults." "That's whit I thought." laughed Bogger. "Come on, we'll go up to my bank." Mr. Bogger walked on the grounds of the P. T. JSarnes Colossal Aggregation of Tented Wonders as monarch of all he surveyed. Just as the torches were being lit, in the hour before the even ing performance. He held his head very high, did Mr. Bogger. and wore his gay-banded straw hat rakishly upon the side of his head. Those white-tinted peaks and all that they covered were his. to do with as he wished! He could go in and order an elephant hitched to his buggy, if he liked! ' Just between the main tent and the cook-tent "Daredevil Demo" accosted him. In his street clothes. Demo, whose everyday name was Murphy, was a skinny little chap, who looked as if a girl could slap him and make him cry, and Mr. Bogger turned to him sharply. "Well, what do you want?" he asked In his quick, high voice. "Money;" replied Demo promptly. and working power of the employe and distinctly diminishes the number of days of absence on account of sick ness throughout the year. The same had already been found true in school children in several of our cities, those who bad gone to the dentist and had their teeth attended to showing less than half the number of absences of those who had failed to heed such di rections. Good Teeth a Business Asset- The other reason is equally practical. though an esthetic one, and that is the much more attractive appearance pre sented by employes with white, lus trous and even sets of teeth, and the fact that customers prefer to be waited upon by clerks whose teeth are clean and fresh and wholesome looking, as well as their complexion and finger nails and attire. Besides, the girl who knows she has pretty teeth is usually more willing to display them in a smile, and as she is also free from the carking discomforts of toothache and ulcerated gums, she is more likely to be affable and obliging in her demeanor. In fact, these higher standards of dental deportment, both individual and general, have produced an appreciable effect already, and nowhere in the world can one see so universally per fect and sparkling and attractive sets of teeth as upon the principal shopping streets of our American cities. And one of the most universal comments made on the American women and girls by the visiting foreigners is the beauty, whiteness and evenness of their teeth. The Secret of Dental Salvation. The secret of this scheme of dental salvation may be summed up in three words: Give them plenty to do, keep them clean and protect them from in fections. The details can be found, in any health board circular or school clinic leaflet. One or two new slants are of interest. First, the rather un expected fact that next after the first essential requirements comes proper care of the nose, in preventing decay and displacement of the teeth. The moment that from neglected and half cured colds adenoids develop and the nose becomes obstructed, and the child drops his mouth open in order to get his breath, trouble begins. The Jaws drop apart, the teeth lose their proper support between the lips outside and the tongue Inside, the Jaws become nar rowed and misshapen and the teeth OF J. RUFUS WALLINGFORD j - - mo new uuoa emu hsv. th. i t- .i and I want Veil'" exclaimed Boeer "I'll have well, exclaimed Bogger. Ill have eet a w? "" yW Keta week- -...o uuuuiu auu mi, uuiiara, h'l IF. h,ml Z I f i J IT If JJemo calmly told him. Mr. Bogger almost droDned dead on the spot. "A week, did you say!" he gasped. "A week. I get shot out of a can non to a' platform up in the dome, grab a bicycle, ride down a two-hundred- foot chute. Jump a forty-foot gap, and land in a tank of water. Do I get my back pay?" ' "Here, pal." he said; "bold this line, "I'll see about it," promised Bogger, will you?" and he thrust it Into Bog much troubled, and he started to turn ger's hands. "Get a good grip on it," away. he directed, and moved awav. nnMA . , , ..... , , , 7? T hinby he shoulder and turned hirn around with one swing, "I get it now!" he declared, "or I'll close up your bloomin' show! I ain't so strong for this outfit anyhow, espe- cially since a hay's going to try to run it. If I don't get my coin before I go on tonight, no show! And if these rubes don't see my act, they'll tear down the tent. I'm what brings "em . . . . I" "Z"x , T bats" descended upon Mr. Bogger in a body before Demo had finished with him. They were Swiss, and knew but little English, but they very energetic- ally conveyed to Mr. Bogger the fact that thev were threft week in nr. tnat tney were three weeks in ar rears in salary, and wanted their money. If they didn't get it, no . show; also a sheriff! A brigade of peg-drivers and rousters jomea me party wnue tne xreivo Trio slide gradually down, when Walling was still gesticulating and Jabbering, ford plucked him by the arm. and they surrounded Mr. Bogger in a "This way out!" and he shoved Bog solid phalanx, demanding three weeks' ger, running, ahead of him. to an open back pay. If they didn't get It, they ing, and thrust him through. Bogger intended to tear down the big top "6iii 4vci mo bhuw, auu leave jl tjn the ground! More came running, bare back riders. wn c-on men. t nmhlprs trainers, chariot drivers, and even some of the young ladies of the spectacle, all with Elias Bosrerer as their objective point, and all screaming a mad demand for money! Gazing about him in des- peration, the new proprietor saw Wal- lingford standing by a big rear tent, and rushed toward him for nrotection. J. Rufus seemed to know instinctively that Bogger was in growing fear of nis me, tor ne lilted up tne edge or the tent, shoved Elias through, and met the maddened mob himself. The smile on wainngiord s jovial lace aeepened, waiungiord s jovial lace aeepened. presently there came from the ln- ior of that tent a hubub of shrill' as terio cries. a moment later jur. liogger came out of that tent on the dead run, followed by a platoon of chorus ladies screaming for vengeance! It took all of Wal line ford's persuasiveness to res- cue Elias from the wrath of the Ama- sons and lead him to safety in the cook tent. . "That was full of women dressing!" panted Mr. Bogger. ."What did you shove me in there for?" IJldn t they know you were the pro- prietor?" inquired J. Rufus in aston- ishment, "The proprietor, you know, has a right anywhere." I showed 'em my bill of sale." ureed Bogger in his own defense, "then an old-looking young woman pushed me in the face, and the rest of them jumpea on me. irj.nj to get away ""' "" j. u jni. dressing-room, where there was a woman wnn green sKirts, ana sue - up wim mm presently, blK cnUnk for a Sunday treat to the used on the new Ekaterina line will screamed like a steamboat whistle." helped him with kind and comforting whole circus, including the animals, he partly American and partly Russian. "Great snakes!" exploded Walling- words, when a sad procession filed out Tbi8 ten we'll take out for the expenses The American engines and cars must ford. "You've done it this time. That's of the main tent- Four men bore a of the gang, and the forty thousand, be built to Russian specifications. Un- Madame Ballarina, our star rider. She stretcher, upon whlth was a limp form, ladies, goes to the Restitution Fund of der normal conditions Russia could does a toe-dance on horseback, and covered, by the irony which was a the estate of the late Mr. Warden." supply all necessary cars and other her husband, who is built like an ox chance, with one of the broad red rib- "And that crosses off the name of equipment, but the demands of the and has a temper like a red-hot stove, bons over which bare-back riders Jump. Ellas Bogger." added Blackie, bending Present war have created conditions so is a lion tamer. Our head clown is Quite a number of men with bowed over violet, who had the little book abnormal that outside help is neces- her brother, and he has killed three heads followed it down to the railroad in ner hand. - sary. The new road will use many men ln his time." siding, where the circus sleeping-cars Mallet compound engines of the type "Lord help me!" groaned Bogger. stood. Peaceful Freedom. built by the Kolomna Works of Rus- "What am I going to dor "It looks bad," said Wallingford; Judge. sia. Mallet compound engines of Amer- "Xever mind, we'll protect you." said "very, very bad! I don't know whether "Boys, stop fighting! What's it all lean construction were used among the Wallingford reassuringly. "You'd bet- the man is is dead or not. but in any about?" first BSSisnej to the Archangel ran ter stick close to us tonight, and well event you're up against it, Bogger. ''h5"' hla fe.llow sto,e ouJ baseball road DUt ot late yeara the Russian not allow anyone to hurt you." Fred Bristol is one of the best high- ""In" fr'theVRemember government has not had to draw on "I won't leave you a minute!" ear- trapeze men m the business, and it you have goto pay somfthTnT for foreign countries for rolling stock. The nestly declared Mr. Bogger. means a fifty-thousand-dollar damage peace, and. peace we must have at any engines built by the Kolomna Works "Come over to the bis top,". Invited euit, which, you'll probably Josv lou costr may be regarded as tandx4 la typo overlapping and irregular; the gums become dry and cracked and Infected by the germs of the air. as well as of . the food, and the basis is laid for fully half, if not two-thirds, of the decays and ulcerations and bad mastication of later life. A new and extremely important field has been opened up by the use of the X-ray, and by this, pictuhes can be taken of the Jaws and teeth, showing not only the shape and position of every root in the gums down to its very tip, but also the state of the pulp and the nerve canals, and, what is even more important, whether there are ab scesses deep In the gums, along the roots of the teeth. At first sight, it may look like adding insult to injury to disclose defects below the surface when our mouths seemed already chock full of calamities and disasters visible to the naked eye. But these revela tions ofthe "Eye of the Lord" are of great value; first, by enabling us to fill and treat the root canals of teeth right down to their tips much more perfectly when we know their exact position and shape, so that we are sure of a safe and permanent anchorage for our crowns and bridges; second, that these wretched little abscess bombs or Infernal machines hidden about the roots of our teeth are the cause of chronic rhematisms, heart infections, neuritises and neuralgias. Indeed, a considerable part of the development of X-ray work on the teeth was due to the eager search of physicians for the hidden cause of obstinate and un manageable Joint diseases and other chronic infections. Most recent of all, indeed so much so that it is still undefined as to its final value and permanence, is the new light upon the cause of one of our most troublesome and unmanageable dis eases of the teeth and gums. That is the now notorious suppuration about the neck and roots of the teeth known as Riggs" disease, or pyorrhoea. This condition was for years the despair of dentistry. Ordinary antiseptics ap peared almost helpless against it, and only by the most heroic and doggedly persistent of agonizing root scrapings and socket injections for months ,and even years could it be held in check or even delayed. As it occurs in some thing like 90 per cent of all mouths, and is the cause of loss by loosening and shedding of nearly two-thirds of all teeth lost, the checkmate was a ciduiiic, peermK in at Las uuur, r reu . 7. . V x , . 7 f , f performance." and he led the way. .The T" S dim and mysterious, with its one torch . . . . , .. . . . ugniea. a way up in tne aome a liny trapeze swung on long strands, which from the srrnund innVod iiv KnM pr. webs. Upon a little shelf, far, far away, stood a slender, graceful man in pink tights, and from either side of the shelf stretched down long ropes. A man with a coat and trousers on over his tights hurried up to Bogger and handed him a rope. . The pink-clad acrobat upon the high shelf drew the trapeze far across and up to him with a tape." All at once there came a mighty tug" at the rope Bogger was holding and It was Jerked from his clasp. A cry of horror burst from the throats of a score of circus attaches, and down, down through the dusty air of the big tent, with its rows upon rows of dismal empty benches. l,WhrlL,,?.,anvd 8p.rawlinf a P'n,k , : I; . Zl ' . P lips of Bogger as it thudded upon the ground. The circus men, mostly acro- bats, rushed to the spot where the pink figure lay, concealing it from view. There was a piercing shriek from a woman near the entrance! woman near the entrance! Bogger, trembling, nerveless, and stunned into paralysis, leaned back against the tent-pole, his weak knees bending under him and letting him had run a third of the length of this cuiuBuro oeiure ne realized tnat ne was once mnra in rnn wnmAn nrpeij. ing-tent. and then the faces o, the furies spurred him on to such speed as his legs had never yielded In his life. At the outer entrance of thi tnt where the blessed air came through, a fairy-like figure in fluffy green, sud- denly confronted him with an accus- ing finger. Everybody but the terror- stricken Boeeer saw. and nnrc-lred the stage-fright of Violet Warden, in her role of Madame Balarina, the star oare-DacK rider. "Here's the Johnny-Peeper, boy get him!" she cried, in trembling tones, ana xsiacKie applauded loudly. ana xsiacKie applauded loudly. A man the size of a side of a house, and dressed ln high hat. spike-tail coat, wane trousers, ana shiny top-boots, suddenly appeared from the outer darkness accompanied by a clown with a foolish grin painted on his face and with a snarl on his actual IIds. It was the clown who grappled with Elias and landed the first and only blow, a glan- s "o upon tne cneeK Done, xnere was time for only the one, for Mr. Bogger, Jerking loose fry an almost superhuman effort, put on an addi- nonai spurt cr speed which made his previous progress seem snail-like; and the darkness swallowed him up, shriek lns There was but one logical end to ch blind speed, and that was a stumble. A little dratnage-ditch got him. and laid him low to listen to the ""s rl "a imagine mat ---- w v"r i pursuing feet. Wallingford and Blackie urMmmirMoitf serious one. Now we have discovered at one stroke, not merely the cause see, what makes it so rotten is that if you'd been a mere spectator hold ing that rope, they couldn't have held you for much, but being the proprietor of the circus well, you can see how ia. . .. , t is yourself.' "Where is he! Where is he!" bel- ,owed a bull.like volce from out of tho drkn. Tt w. n i,.. .,. 1,on tamer husband of the pretty bare" hack rU,K- "Prnnri.in.?" moaned Bogger. "I wouldn't be a proprietor of a circus for a million dollars!" A peanut-vendor lit his torch near bv. and it flamed on the countenance of Bogger. His right cheek was streaked with ...1 -t.Aaaa-r.aint i - . . J .. .. . ., " IT; , ' I. Z faCe hls. left cheek was crimson from the glancing cut of the clown's fist: bis forehead and nose were black with the mud of the field; his gay straw hat, which, by some freak of circumstance, ua.u DttLjrcu uyuu ois iieaa, ana aa open lid and a fallen brim; nls collar wa, had stayed upon his head, had an open torn open, and his tie was ludicrously awry; but more pathetic than all these was the broken and drooping spirit which feebly glimmered through the bloodshot eyes of Bogger, the crest- humbled. "You'll have to be the proprietor," said Wallingford, coldly. "It's a legally binding transfer, and you're lucky If you don't have manslaughter against yu 88 we damage suit." Where is he!" again bellowed Texas Ed out of the darkness. "Please, Mr. Sears, please, I beg of you, let me out of this!" pleaded Bog- ger withTuivVrs of terror r Ms voTc . . - j.aKe DacK your Dili or sale and give me my money. Please!" And stand this damage suit my self?' Inquired Wallingford. with "I should say not. A sale is soni-n a sale." Again the voice from the darkness, this time nearer "I'll discount it," offered Bogger; omy get me away rrom nere: i n give you anything you say! "'Right outside fi a hn o-trv said nr.m . - ..... . . . . . "V t"l' v - T ' "Si come to terms. I'll take your bill of sale and tear ,t up, and give you ten u n-M .- JZ- were the proprietor when you held that rope" "Ten thousand dollars'" exclaimed Bogger. "Ten thousand dollars! It's v., 1... " fnrj ,mlrtj ,. "You may win It," protested Bogger. "Give me forty thousand, and I'll settle it." "Here he is!" yelled Wallingford loudly to the angry husband some- wherein the darkness "Here he "Don't! For Heaven's sake, don't!" Bogger half sobbed. "Here's your bill of sale! Give me the money! Now Where's that buggy?" Th. , . . and as Wallingford whipped up the horse, the megaphone voice of the big husband was heard once more, bellow ing: "Where is he! Where is he!" x Tn the tent of the departed Manaeer TJnger gathered the tired but happy conspirators; and. on the little folding .fljJ1!?,???-? fi"y "Principal interest, and exDenses " he declared ' with satisfaction. "I used nve thousand to pay off Texas Ed and the acrobat who dropped the dummy from the trapeze, and our other good fri.ni. ,, T - RUSSIAN RAILROAD REACHES ARCTIC (Continued from Page 4.) the Murman coast and represses the sale of any or all Th. . - .u. xt,.,d coast-that country which is now 'reached hv th wvitorin,, r.n. m. reached by the Ekaterina railway di rectdisclose a littoral of an almost unbroken series of bare granite cliffs, marked here and there with moss and meager vegetation. Those cliffs are indented here and there by deep gulfs and Inlets of the sea, penetrating fax inland and formlnr morn or lna sult- an1- tv, k.v. , "T, """"" 'TT rivers are covered with sand, overlaid ln many parts by beds of peat, and dl- versified here and there with fairly erood meadow land, which latter can D depended upon to provide food for livestock. r. The temperature of the Murman is temperate, owing to the influence of the eastern branch of the Gulf Stream, which branch is sometimes referred to as the North Cape Stream. Spring, bringing with it fogs and showers, and ushering in flights of sea birds, be- gins about the early part of April and continues to the end of May. The av- erage temperature during this period is 37 degrees Fahrenheit. Summer, the season of eternal day light and of toilsome labors at the fac- torles. lasts from the end of May to the end of July. The mean Summer temperature is 52 degrees Fahrenheit. TwaVdTheend of Summer mushrooms uwni and fern's may be. gathered. Autumn sets ln about the end of July and comes to an end about the middle of October. when fogs again prevail. The birds commence to desert the coast, and the fishermen from adjacent countries quit the region. The Murman, by the end of Autumn, takes on a deserted ap- pearance. The average Autumn tem- perature is 37.5 degrees Fahrenheit. Winter in the Murman lasts from -the middle ef October to the middle or the mean temperature . aeBrees Fahr ottlTh t?,,,! ance, forming1 anrts oiten or 15 to 18 feet In the hills. Th BR. ?CVe ent!rely disappears, CVCn ln the Summer- Th Arctic waters of tne coast never freeze dur- i"S &nV part f the Winter- nor are !ce floes encountered. The small inlets get only thin coats of ice. with blocks or no "reat size or force floating about. here and there, but never to such an extent as to interfere with naviga tion. The reign of perpetual night, lit up by the marvelous northern iuu nncra llshts' or as the3r ar termed in the Murman. "Spolokli," lasts from about November 25 to January 21. The population of the Murman is for the most part made up of fishermen, many of whom come from the district of Archangel, others from Kem and Wezen- They start, as a rule, about the beginning of March, tramping through Kandelax to Kola, where the steamer of the Archangel-Murman Steamship Company, which Winters at Ekaterina harbor, conveys them to their fishing rendezvous. Fishing gen- erally nd about the third week in August, when the men hurry home ward. The catch Is either taken to Archangel or shipped by vessel to Nor Way" 11 curious fact that the GuIf f Kola ln the winter Un,e swarms WUh Bnarks- TheT ar caught solely Rolling Stock and Loeemotlves. The rolling stock and equipment of it. but also an extremely promising cure. How the Sew Cm Was Foui The discovery, like many great in ventions, was made by two sets of workers acting entirely Independently and without knowledge of each other's research. One curiously enough dis covered the remedy first and the cause after. The other worked out the cause and began casting about for a remedy. The twin. or. rather, triplet discoverers, were Dr. Bass, of New Orleans, one of our leading authorities upon tropical diseases, and Drs. Allen Smith and Barrett, of the University of Pennsyl vania, the latter a dentist, the former - a pathologist. Dr. Bass, in the course of a study of dysentery, treated a large number of cases of this disease by the injection into the blood of the alkaloid or active principle of ipecac, the latter an old, well-known remedy for the dis ease, brought back by pioneer phy sicians from the East Indies. Several of the dysentery patients also happened to be suffering from pyorrhoea, and these came to him in great delight and reported that not only were they bet ter of their intestinal disease, but that their gums, instead of being spongy, bleeding and ulcerated, had become firm and healthy and tightened down around their teeth. As dysentery is due not to an ordi nary bacterium, or bacillus, which is a vegetable organism, but to a low ani mal parasite known as an ameba to which class the parasite causing malaria belongs he promptly made an examination of the pus from a gum abscess in pyorrhoea and found an abundance of amebae, though of a dif ferent species. The blood of the pa tient, being saturated with the alkaloid of ipecac, called emetin. had destroyed all the parasitic amebae that it came in contact with, whether in intestine or in gums. He at once began to gather cases of pyorrhoea, to test emetin upon, and with most gratifying results. In from 80 to 90 per cent of patients, after five daily injections of the drug into the arm. the amebae completely disap peared, the suppuration almost com pletely cleared up and the gums became firm and hard. As the method was first tested out only last Autumn, it is too soon to say how permanent the results will be; but no remedy that has ever before been tried has given such of those used by the Russian state rail ways. The Kolomna Works are lo cated on the Moska River, in the vicin ity of Golutvn, a station of the Mos-cow-Kasan Railroad. The annual pro duction of these works is estimated at $6,O0O.OC0. To date the Kolomna Works have built about five thousand locomotives and the annual output of cars is approximately three thousand. The number of men employed Is 7.500. and the hours of labor are 10 a man. Many of the departments run continu ously 24 hours a day. The 10-wheel compound passenger locomotive of the Mallet system used on the middle Si berian railroad is of a type approxi mating to that used on the Archangel road, and it. is to be presumed It will be the type used on the Ekaterina rail way. The principal characteristics of this locomotive are: Weight in working order, 61.2 tons; weight on drivers. 53.5 tons; wheel base driving (rigid). 6 feet 7 inches; wheel base total. 26 feet 6.9 Inches; height of center of boiler above rails, 9 feet 4.2 Inches; diameter of cylinders, high pressure, 16.54 Inches; low pressure. 24.8 inches; stroke of piston, 23.62 inches; diameter of drivers, 53.15 inches; diameter of track wheels, 35.43 inches; diameter of boiler inside at smallest ring, 57.4S inches; working steam pressure, 170 pounds; total number of tubes. 220; outside diameter of tubes, 2 inches; length over tube sheets, 15 feet 3.4 inches; fire box heating surface, 124.75 square feet; tubes heating surface, 773.25 cquare feet; total heating surface, 1898 square feet; grate area, 28.18' square feet; diameter of wheels of tender, 39.76 inches; wheels of tender's base, 10 feet 10.7 inches; water ca pacity, 706 cubic feet; weight, empty, 43,980 pounds'; weight, loaded, 103,500 pounds; total wheel base of engine and tender, 52 feet. The system of valve gear used on the Russian 10-wheel Mallet compound engines is usually one of three makes the Walshaert, the Friedmann or the Westlnghouse. At the Kolomna Works all parts of the locomotive except the boiler tubes and special patented ap pliances are made In the shops of that company from the raw material. Railway Carrlaacs The standard Russian State Rail way's first-class carriage for passen gers is built upon an ordinary steel underframe, eight-wheel truck type, the distance between centers of trucks being 41 feet 0.6 inches. The wheel base of each truck is 6 feet 8 inches and the diameter of wheels measures 41.34 inches over tread. The carriage frames are made up of drained irons supported by truss rods. The cars are divided into eight separate compart ments for 16 passengers, each com partment being capable of seating and sleeping two persons. There is also one compartment for the railway of ficials and one compartment occupied by a steam boiler, the latter being used to heat the car. The principal di mensions of one of these cars are: Length of body, outside 9 feet 1.3 inches; width, outside 10 feet 3.7 inches; height, .inside, 8 feet 10 inches; weight of car. empty. 83.310 pounds; total wheelbase, 47 feet 8.5 Inches. The Russian standard railway gauge is five feet. This is wider than the American gauge. In consequence the riding is easier, assuming that the roads are as well made, and there Is much gained from an engineering standpoint, particularly ln the ability to keep weight down. Russian railroads are run on schedule. If a train loses time it drops back into the next schedule or is passed along by one station master to another. There is practically no effort made to maike time. The trains are ran on a somewhat dependable basis of speed, and it is remarkable how well they keep up to the sched ule. Such a thing as a train despatcher as known in American railroading Is unknown in Russia. For the new Ekaterina railway, ow ing to the tremendous pressure of war conditions, the Russian locomo tive shops will be unable to provide eaginoa ln sufficient numbers. It is Hutchincort encouraging results, and it is certain to be a very great relief to this condi tion, even if it should cot prove a specific and permanent cure. Others Werkina- en Another Method. The other two workers, Drs. Smith and Barrett, had been working for a considerable length of time from the other end of the problem, so to speak; that is to say, the part played by ame bae in diseases of the tonsils, throat and lungs. Finding amebae in the pus from diseased gums, they began cast ing about for a germicide, and, know ing the effect of emetin upon the ame bae of dysentery, they gave it a trial, and, curiously enough, within a month of Dr. Bass' tests, secured the same gratifying results. If to our control of carles and other diseased condition in childhood and young life emetin shall add the mastery of the suppurative and loosening decays of later life, then our teeth have an excellent prospect of liv ing as long as we do. and toothache and gum-boil may become curiosities worthy of a place in medical museums. For the present the remedy must be regarded as on trial, and should only be administered by and under the care of a competent physician or dentist, partly because the best way of getting a sufficient concentration of the rem edy in the blood is by hypodermic In jection and partly because the remedy has the well-known emetic and irri tating properties of ipecac So that an overdose may produce vomiting, grip ing and purging. "As a Man Thlnkcth " Christian Herald. Is our ideal the song of the sword! Then our rewards will be in the terms of the sword or in brute force. Is our chief ideal money? Then we must give up hope of the highest culture of the mind and spirit. The things we admire and imagine, these mold us, these be come our masters. We must choose our ideals with thoughtful care, for whether we know it or not, they are our idols and all our worship is col ored by them. Let my imaginations be above the flesh, above the things that perish as I touch them. Let me build up in my thoughts ideals that lift me above the restless surge of my lower passions, then I am safe then I can walk ia the dark and enjoy bright day. expected that American works will provide at the outset not fewer than 50 heavy compound engines to take the rails at Ekaterina immediately upon being landed there. Archangel Railroad. The first railroad built to reach the Arctic from Petrograd was the now existing Vologda-Archangel Railway. This road was begun In 1895, and was opened to daily traffic in November, 1897. The road was built through unin habited regions, through forest wilds that had never known the foot o man and over tundras and deep swamps. Today one is able to travel through this country rapidly and without interruption. The distance from Archangel to Vologda is 396 miles, and the distance from Archangel to Moscow is 700 miles. The Archangel road is connected with the Trans-Siberian by way of Kollars, in the Northern Dwlna. The Archangel line is a single track railway and the tremendous business, which has flood ed Archangel since the beginning of the war, has proved too much for the single track connection. All accounts agree that the quays at Archangel are glutted with goods awaiting forward ing. It was largely because of this sltuatiton that the Russian authorities decided to reach Ekaterina harbor and to build a double track road while about it. Even with the Ekaterina line running Archangel will continue to be a port of importance, and it is freely predicted that the Russian au thorities will double track the Arch angel route. The first Russian railway dates from 1835 and was built from Pet rograd to Tsarskoe Selo, 18 miles south of the capital and a favorite imperial resort. The project for this line was laid before Tsar Nicholas I by Pro fessor Gertstner, of the Polytechnio Institute of Vienna, and the Tsar au thorized the construction as an experi ment. Kings and Incomes ACCORDING to reliable reports tho ; -ar has brought about a decided diminution in the income of the Kaiser. The tearing up of the little "scrap of paper" has already cost him personally 5.000,000. Wilhelm, however, has still a respectable fortune left, if a recent calculation by Herr Martin, an author ity on German rich people, is correct, Wilhelm was supposed to be worth, 7,000,000, but Herr Martin has pointed out that a trifle of, roughly 13,000.000, the valuation of the Kaiser's forest lands and farms, had been overlooked. This brings up the royal estate to a total of 20,000.000. The Kaiser, however, has never been the richest monarch in the world. This honor belongs to the Czar, who on his accession came into the Romanoff pri vate estate, yielding about 2,000,000 a year. Beyond that his salary amounts to another 2.000.000, besides many profitable investments abroad. There are small expenses to be deducted, such as some 500,000 a year to grand dukes and duchesses, but when everything is taken into account the Czar's income is far ahead of that of the Turkish Sul tan with 1.500,000, or our own King, who Is the poorest in pelf and palaces of all the Old World potentates. A state grant of 1,500,000, added to his other revenues, brings the Czar's in come up to 8.000,000 a year. Out of this he has at least 5,000,000 a year for his private use. King George receives 470.000 per annum from the state, but litle more than a fourth of this goes into the privy purse. It would be naturally Impossible for our King to live in a manner befitting his rank on an in come of 120,000 or so, but there are miscellaneous revenues from invested funds and other private sources which help to swell the privy purse. The Emperor of Austria, who is also King of Hungary, draws two salaries amounting to 562.500 each. The King of Italy receives 750.000 a year, but has to make allowances to several members of the royal family out or it. King Alfonso has an allowance of 357,500, a sum which Is his own to spend as he pleases. Belgium's Kinff receives about 175,000, London Tid Bits. .:. r mi