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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (March 29, 1915)
THE MORNING OREGONIATT. 3IOXDAY. MARCH 29, 1015. PORTLAND. ORKGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon. Postofflce as fr-cuiia-cHM trailer. Subscription Rat-s Invariably In advance: Daily. Sunday Inrluded. one year Daily. Sunday Included, six months.... riuiiv. Kunri&v Included, three montiii. . 4. Xaily. Sunday included, one mouth Dally, without Sunday, one year Daliy, without Sumfay. six months...... Daily, without Sunday, three month!... Daily, without Sunday, one month...... "Weekly, one year Sunday, one year - fcunday and Weekly, one year 6. OK . 3. . 1.75 . .(if . J.&o . 2.50 . 3.50 .9.0O (tjy earner. Daily, Sunday Included, one year Daily. Sunday included, one month... How to Remit Send poetofflce money or der, exoresa order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at aender a slsk. Give poatoffice addreaa in lull, including county and state. Postage Rates 12 to lcj pare. 1 cent; 1 to 3J pea, 2 cents: 34 to 4& pages, j cents 60 to rtO pages, 4 cents; 62 to 76 pages, i cents: 78 to 12 pases, 6 cents. Foreign post age, double rates. Eastern Baldness Office Veree &- Conk- lin. New York. Briuuwkk building: Chicago. tenaer building". Hn Pranrlero Qfflr R. J. Bidwelt Com pany. 742 Market street. PORTLAND. MONDAY, MARCH SO, 1915. f CLOTURE AND CAUCUS. It may be Inferred from a brief arti i ele by Secretary Bryan in the Corn : moner that an attempt will be made at the next session of Congress to induce the Senate to adopt a cloture rule, for the purpose of putting an end to flli fcustering. Mr. Bryan expresses indig nation that the ship-purchase bill was , defeated "because the minority could 1 talk indefinitely," and he finishes by caying: 1 Let the people rule. Cloture ia necessary to bring the Senate Into harmony with the theory of popular government. By all means let the people rule, but they do not rule when a majority of the majority party, having called a conference, transforms it into a caucus and binds the whole party to support ; the will of little more than one-fourth of the Senate's membership. For in- formation as to how this, was done in the case of the ship-purchase bill, we . refer Mr. Bryan to a speech made by ; that other Nebraskan, Senator Hitch- cock. " Mr. Hitchcock said that half the j Senators who supported the bill in ac- cordance with their caucus pledge ; were at heart opposed to it. The peo ' pie had never expressed their will on ! this particular measure, but they had declared their antagonism to ship sub ! sidies, which would have been given '. tinder this bill, and the newspapers, ; which fairly well voice public opinion, : were almost unanimous in their oppo ' Bition to it. Filibustering is an evil, but it is nec "essary to counteract the greater evil of caucus coercion. Unlimited talk by - the minority is no greater evil than a 'caucus gag which prevents many of ' -'" the majority from expressing and vot ing their real opinions. MILITARISM A STATE OF MTND. One of the best expositions extant of the policy of readiness for defense as opposed to that of aggressive mili . tarism is contained in Howard D. 1. "Wheeler's book: "Are We Ready?" He shows in graphic style our im - potenee to repel an Invader under ' modern conditions, quoting facts and "" figures which The Oregonian has I already published in discussing this subject. Mr. Wheeler brings the facts home to his readers by describing an im aginary battle on the Connecticut River with ail invading army and de picts our Army hopelessly beaten by smallness of numbers and lack of artillery, ammunition, aircraft, trans port and other necessary, auxiliaries. Ho shows our need of a trained reserve, of officers sufficient to com mand it and our militia as well as a " volunteer army: also our need of artillery, ammunition and equipment ! for such a force. He also demonstrates ' that by stopping our present waste of money and by shortening the term of enlistment we can provide 600.000 trained men for the same or less money than is spent on our present " Inadequate Army. The most telling chapter in the book, however, is that in which he dissects "The Great American Buga "boo." as he calls militarism. He shows that militarism Is not a state of pre- ; paredness for war, but is the motive behind that state. He contrasts Prus sia, where the military power is su preme, with the United States, where : it is subordinated to the civil power. ! He finds another contrast, for in Prus sia every male citizen is a soldier, while in the United States we employ professional soldiers. He then says: Militarism is not a thin?. It Is not a form of government. It is not even a system, whollv. It is a state of mind. In Ger many militarism is surerimposed on a demo cratic theory of national defense, evolved fcv Prussia after Napoleon, through sheer necessity. ! The Prussian army which arose against Napoleon In 1813 was a citizen : iriny. This system was made perma nent and developed into the present- day German "war machine." Mr. ' Whalen here observes: The militarism so abhorrent to us is not this machine, not the Gt-rman system of government, not compulsory military eer lie. ni-r vet wholly the Prussian Influence personified in the Kaiser and his advisers. ' No d3unt all these elements go into it. but the militarism of Germany is the state of mind of the German people. He quotes the Kaiser to show that ' In Germany the sovereign is the boss and that the sovereign's reliance is on " the army and not on a Parliamentary : majority, and he then declares it "In ' conceivable that militarism in any i form, as we understand the militarism of Prussia, could gain a foothold in . our Nation." He finds a world of difference be- tween Prussian militarism and Swiss . democracy, and says: Yet at bottom the German Idea and the ' Swtas Idea are Identical. The armies of ' Itoth. come directly from the citizenship. ' The 'difference is In the manner In which ! the citizenship has allowed the Idea to be - applied. He contrasts the Swiss citizen army ' of 500.000 trained men at a cost of ; J8.000.000 a year with our army which ' could put only 30.000 men in the field at a cost of $90,000,000 a year, and 1 thus describes the Swiss view of serv ' Ice in the army: ' The Swiss youth, from his earliest school avs. Is taught that the army is for de . feiise onlv. Patriotism is interwoven in his - development. He discerns no line between civic dutv and military duty. He learns to look upon each as essential to real citi zenship. . . certainly he does not regard as undemocratic or unreasonable the re ,; emlrement that he must know how to fight In order that he mav take an intelligent part in the defense of his country, any more than we consider undemocratic and un- - reasonable the requirenitm that we must jtnow how to read in order that-we may take an Intelligent part in the political affairs of our country. The Australian system of citizen 'training is then described. American manhood and patriotism are pro nounced in no way inferior to Swiss or 'Australian manhood and .patriotism, .tout. Mr. Wheeler says, "Spirit and courage are about all we have in a military way." Yet" he most truly says: - "We are quick to resent Insult and very confident of our ability to main tain our position." He remarks fur ther: Satisfied with our natural strength, we have had but the vaguest concern, as to what shape we should be in If we should be brought suddenly to face the necessity of getting together for the defense of all. The alternative set before us is stat ed in this forcible language: Either we can continue to ignore the prin ciples of our military policy; or we can devise means whereby our whole citizenship will have opportunity to receive military tratninsr. In other words: We shall have a reserve Or we shall not have a reserve. f ,lll unrtthe- n V We shall continue to throw the whole burden of first defense on a handiui 01 pro- Or we shall undertake to fit" ourselves intelligently to back our hired men in time of National peril. Tr all means that: We shall continue to Invite trouble by our unpreparedness for It: Or we shall discourage foreign trouble seekers by being ready for any military emergency. Mr. Wheeler has made clear that, in order to prove the system he advo cates to be militarism, its opponents must convict democratic countries like Switzerland and Australia of militar ism. We constantly invite a quarrel by our Monroe Doctrine, our meddle someness and our wealth, while Swit zerland and Australia have no Monroe Doctrine, mind their own business and are poor by comparison with us. Yet we neglect to equip ourselves for de fense, while Switzerland and Australia do. We are guilty of a double folly. A MISMANAGED ESTATE. The National Forests should be public property for. all time. If railroads, tele phones and telegraphs were natural re sources, title to which vested in the Gov ernment at the beginning and had never teen alienated, we should believe in Gov ernment ownership of them too but not necessarily in Government operation. Sat. urday Evening Post. We Infer "from the statements that precede the foregoing declaration that the Post's opinion concerning public ownership of forests is strengthened by the record of the public timber business for 1914. It observes that Uncle Sam sold about a billion and a half of board feet from the forests, receipts therefrom exceeding $1,250, 000. From the grazing of 1,500,000 cattle and 7,500,000 sheep more than $1,000,000 was received. Here is a revenue from the two sources of $2,250,000. To be exact, the Government received in revenues from the National forests in 1914 the sum of $2,437,710.21. But it expended for administration, protection and per manent improvements $5,366,302.83, thereby piling up a deficit of nearly $3,000,000. The National forests em-brace near ly 200,000,000 acres of land. If these lands were in one oblong tract it would be 1000' miles long and 312 miles wide. If laid down just east of the Mississippi it would be washed on one end by that river and by the Atlantic Ocean on the other, and would form almost a perfectly fitting blanket for the ten states of Illinois, Indiana, Otilo, Pennsylvania, Ken tucky, West Virginia, Virginia, Mary land, Delaware and New Jersey. These ten states in addition to their agricultural crops, their factories, their mines and their other de veloped resources "graze" more than 10,000,000 cattle and more than iu, 000.000 sheep. The grazing revenues and the re turns from sales of timber seem large until one contemplates the enormous area involved. As a land baron Uncle Sam has not yet exhibited marked business ability. He is losing money on his estate yet he will not let go of the portion not necessary to his busi ness of conserving the timber re sources. Although arriving at the conclusion perhaps by a different road, we. like the Saturday Evening Post, would be inclined to doubt his ability properly to operate railroads, tele graphs and telephones if he owned them. SHAD AND ECONOMICS. The first Spring catch of shad from the Delaware River moves an Eastern paper to bewail the decay of the fresh water fisheries in the lower Hudson. Manv vears ago these waters were extraordinarily prolific of shad and other delectable fishes, but now they are barren. The sewers emptying in to them have destroyed all animal life except that which exists comfortably in filth and slime. New lork city has thus lost an invaluable sourqe of food, and life is proportionately more difficult for its inhabitants. The' Hudson might with the help of science have been kept as pure as the Delaware or the Columbia but Tam many-governed New York was re luctant to take the necessary troume or spend the necessary money for that purpose. Tammany has many otnei uses for time and money than to promote the welfare of mankind. There is no excuse for a modern city permitting its sewers to discharge in to a river or the sea. The waste sub stances can be dried and consumed or, better still, they can 'be conducted out upon the land, where they serve as useful fertilizers. Either Paris or Ber lin would be scandalized at the spend thrift spectacle of our American sew age systems. But there are other ways at ae Dletinsr the natural food supplies of " state than by polluting the fresh and salt waters. It is easily possible by thriftiess management to ruin fisher ies both in the deep sea and in the rivers. The Oregon salmon fisheries barely escaped destruction through the unscrupulous greed of those who worked them. The newly-discovered halibut banks off Newport can be injured in the same way in all like lihood. Nature offers food to us with an open hand but unless we use some little prudence in disposing of ner bounty it Is apt to fail before a great while. There was a time when Ameri cans talked proudly of their "inex haustible" forests, coal mines and vacant land. Now we are beginning to husband what is left of these riches and wish we had been a little less prodigal when we had more of them. v IS WAK NECKSSARYT A charge by a contemporary that The Oregonian has tried to make be lieve that "war is necessary for us is a curious perversion of what we have said. We have urged and shall con tinue to urge that adequate prepara tion for armed defense of the Nation on sea and land is as necessary to this Nation as is preparedness to defend his home to an individual. We con tend that there are criminal nations as there are criminal men, and that preparedness for defense against them is essential to the safety of this Na tion. We have urged that. In this mat ter, this Nation pattern not after Ger many or Russia, but after Switzerland, which is a nation trained to fight 'but which has not had a war for a cen tury, though there have been wars on all "sides of it. Yet The Oregonian is accused of trying to plunge us into war. On the contrary, we have condemned every step which might draw us into war. For that reason we condemned Mr. Wilson's refusal to recognize Huerta in Mexico, and events have corroboraU ed our forecast of the results of his action. We are as strongly opposed to militarism as any man can be, but op position to militarism does not mean Wefenselessness or inadequate defenses. Militarism is a motive for armament. not armament itself. The policy of militarism is typified by the great armies and navies now at war; the policy of self-defense by a nation trained "for self-defense. Germany, Russia, Austria, France armed for war; Switzerland armed to keep out of war. Each got what it armed to get. What we need above all things for protection of our National interests and to insure the respect of other na tions is continuity in foreign policy by keeping it outside the scope of party controversy. We have criticised the Wilson foreign policy when it broke, not when it maintained that con tinuity. HOGS AS A BY-PRODUCT. Distribution of a carload of hogs at Hood River should start an invest ment that will be profitable both to the children who are to care for the hogs and to the Union Stockyards" Company which' sells them. It is one more step In utilizing all the products of the orchard. The reputation of Oregon apples has been built up by careful selection of the best fruit for shipment. A great and growing market has been created, but it leaves on the growers' hands a large proportion of their crop. As beef packers depend on by-products for a large- part, if not all, of their profits, so fruitgrowers may depend for theirs on the disposal of inferior grades and culls. Canneries and driers are making a market for that which is not good enough to ship freslO but there is still a residue, which makes good food for hogs. By growing hogs as a by-product of the orchards the horticulturist can rival the achieve ment of the packer in using all of the hog except the squeal. Care of hogs is work which can safely be entrusted to children. They take an instinctive interest in little pigs, and feeding the animals is with in their capacity. There is a com mon impression that the hog is naturally a filthy animal and enjoys wallowing in filth. A noted Oregon hog-grower has well said that the hog will be clean if given a chance and that, if he is dirty, the fault lies with his owner, not with himself. He ap preciates a clean pen and will thrive the better for it. The young hog growers or Hood River can prove the truth of this assertion by giving their porcine charges a chance to be clean and by watching the result. It will be a good lesson in sanitation throughout the affairs of life. NAVAL RESERVE CREATED. One good thing was dona by the late Congress in establishing a naval re serve to be composed of men who have served in the Navy. This measure takes the right view of active service as designed not only to man the ships, but to train men for future service in time of emergency. The Government makes a heavy expenditure in the training of men for the Navy, . but practically has thrown away a large proportion of It by losing touch with them when their term of enlistment is finished. It has come now to the right view In regarding ex-naval men as finished material laid aside for fu ture use, and in keeping hold on them by offering them pay for reserve serv ice. Application of the same system to the Army is one of the main requisites to putting the country in a proper state of defense. A much shorter term of active service Is necessary to effi ciency in the Army than in the Navy, and by reducing the term Bom three years to one year with intensified training, the Army could be provided with a strong reserve at little, if any, additional expense. The proposal Is not to spend more money, but to get more for the amount of money we now spend. Those who have a horror of military uniforms need not imagine that the re sult would be constant presence of sol diers on the streets, as in Europe. There would be few more men in uni form, but there would be a percepti ble increase in the number of men of soldierly bearing in civil life. These men who would compose the reserve. would be more efficient in their occu pations because of their military training, and in time of need would Instantly come forward for their coun try's defense. THE CAPTURE OF CHARLESTON. Tbp wpr manv reasons, some sen timental, some practical, why the Fed eral Government would have been glad to capture Charleston, S. C, early in the course of the Civil War. The teg. hncmn therfi hv the attack on Fort Sumter, an event which moved the North to profound indignation ana which seemed to deserve condign and cnocrtv minlshment. The city was the commercial metropolis of South Caro lina, which had been more viciously sKivi than nnv other state in promot ing secession. But no doubt the chief nrar-Hrai reason for reducing Charles ton was the shelter it afforded to Kinr-i-nria runners. The entrance to the harbor -was narrow and difficult and might apparently have been securely guarded, but even when the blockade was most effective vessels slipped in and out with a certain freedom. After Morris Island had hn tairon hv the Federal troops and Fort Sumter reduced to a heap of ruins, Charleston still maintained a fugitive communication with the outer nriri hv sea. Twenty-one vessels are known to have run the blockade be tween that time and the evacuation of the city. Charleston is admirably situated for defense. The difficulties of its harbor, hich act as an impediment to com lerce, became of inestimable value hen the city was attacked by the Federal fleet. To nature's defenses muria imnortant additions, while the Federal Government was hindered by various causes from investing tne city. Upon the long sand spit which curves inward from Sullivan's Island at the harbor's mouth a continuous range of batteries was erected, with t xcmiit-rio in snriDort them. To the southward across the narrow en trance on Cumming's point stood r on Putnam. Fort Sumter lay about half , KntwAAn Moultrie and Putnam in the middle of the channel and a little nearer the city. The main approach f .,ocaio runs alone Morris Island from the south, and this had been obstructed by torpedoes, while on tne island shbre Fort Wagner naa oeen at a strateeic point to guard the passage. Thus defended, Charles ton defied the ertorts 01 tne tiovern ment for almost two years after it had been invested by Dupont and his ironclad fleet. The city itself is sit uated much like Constantinople, it nn a Dointed peninsula between the Ashley and Cooper rivers. The Cooper on the north corresponds quite accurately to the Hellespont and the Ashley to the waters of the Marmora Sea, which wash the southwest side of Constantinople. Even - the famous Golden Horn of the Turkish capital has its analogue in Town Creek, which separates Drum Island from Charleston, though there Is no beauti ful suburb like Galata on the opposite shore. The Government at Washington at last found itself ready to move against Charleston early in April, 1863, and Rear-Admiral Dupont was sent with a fleet of monitors to capture it. He began, operations with a spirited naval attack, made evidently in complete ignorance of the strength of the de fenses in the harbor. His vessels re tired more or less damaged, leaving the forts about as they were before the attack. Dupont was then ordered to annrl all hia monitors but two to New Orleans, and little more was done at Charleston until July, when Dahlgren succeeded him. Operations were now resumed with vigor, but not very ef fectively. The defenses on Morris Island were shelled at Intervals during .Tnlv anrl on Aueust 17 the monitors. which had returned to - Charleston, opened on Fort Sumter. On the 19tn of August a fleet of five monitors mnxroH tn within 800 vards of the fort and shelled it so ferociously that the walls were reduced to a neap 01 ruina However, it could not be en tered on account of the Are from sup porting forts and batteries, ana Deiore a great while the damage was suf iint!v rpnaired to make it defensible. Having no modern searchlights the ironclads could only operate Dy aay light and at night the injury they effected was regularly repaired. Fort Sumter held out long after it had lost all semblance of a fortification. Its ruin was so complete that the rub bish acted as a species of protection to the garrison. The walls were bat tered into great heaps, which afforded a shelter impervious to the missiles from the fleet. TvTrvei-ia Taiarid hecame untenable oorltf in SBntember. 1864. and was evacuated on the night of the 6U1. By that time all the guns m fort Sumter had been dismounted and the walls demolished, but it appears that the fort was practically as defensible as ever and work at night kept the garrison in a position to repei aac.. After taking Morris Island the iTWloral forcfis made no more advances for several months. The fleet ceased its active onerations and occupied itself with the blockade of the port. This should have been impregnable, hut as we have seen, it was not so by any means. There is nothing more difficult, in ract, man to Keep up au impassable blockade. History shows that it has often been attempted, but seldom accomplished. No doubt, the Confederate ports were as nearly sealed as those of any belligerent country ever were and yet vessels passed in and out at many points. The Confederates torpedoed one of nahlETsn's monitors in February, 1864, but nothing of importance was done on either side for the next year, until Sherman began to be heard from in the farther South. He appeared at Beaufort, S. C, on January 24, 1865, and immediately Charleston became inriefonaihle. His approach closed to the city its sources of supplies and nothing remained but to evacuate it. This was done on February 18, amid terrible disorder and destruction Dy tiro it is interesting to remark that Charleston, where the war began, was one of the last Southern cities to fall into the possession of the Government. Th "Rnhpmian heroine of "Ruggles of Red Gap" always knew infallibly "what to put on her head" and conse quently captured an . Earl. Women who lack this knowledge are apt to look dowdy. The finest attire with tasteless headgear to cap it is like a discord in music. Annther lrvhhvine- inauirv has fizzled. The Democrats, in their suspicion of conspiracy every time they are beaten, closely resemble those afflicted persons who are consigned to a puDiic institu tion for their own and the public's safety. It is to be hoped that, now the French have taken Hartman's Weiler kopf. they will keep it; otherwise the newspaper head writer will have brain fever through trying "o put it in a headline and say what happened there. Th "Mnvirans at Matamoras are at iio rtiri e-amA of shootiner at each other and hitting Americans. A simple way to stop this nuisance mignt De to sena over some Americans who would teach them how to shoot straight. t "Paul Currv. the boy who shot the outlaw Starr, stands a good chance to succeed his father as town marshal if tho voters of Stroud. Okla., can keep his explqit in mind until he grows up. w.nrir Starr inherited the tendency to outlawry, aided and developed by environment and infatuation. He had been paroled too often, but is at last a "good Injun. tf nennin in this Keneration felt as did those of North and South fifty years ago, the celebration ot tne anni versary of Lee's surrender would be a joyous affair. The Albanians are having a little war of their own. How could they possibly keep quiet when all their neighbors are engaged in their favor ite sport? nra i onnnrtunitv for real Brvanic diplomacy in overriding the Spokane ordinance to prevent the Chinese laun drymen from working overtime and on Sunday. f hierh grade of civili zation is shown in the elopement from Washington of tne Doy oi h ana me girl of 15. Cavemen had no such pre cocity. Cnain riartirot hostile intentions toward Portugal, which is easy to be lieve. After the war tne victor win bump their heads to keep them docile. The "Prinz Eitel is the mouse in the with the terriers ranged outside watchfully waiting, and the mouse may put one over in tne scramDie. Rnenio River fruitgrowers will not take chances and are loading up with smudge oil to combat late irosts. Th innocent hvstander at the Mex ican border continues to figure in the casualties. Postponing the fight at Havana a day merely prolongs the agony. " . . March is making feeble effort to go out like a lion. . , Twenty-Five Year Ago From The Oregonian, March 29, 1890. Louisville. Ky, was hit by a terrible cyclone the night of March 27. and the western portion of the city practically destroyed. It is supposed about 100 people lost their lives. The information came from Jeffersonville. Ind. The storm was general through the Western Central states according to advices filt ering in. Spokane Falls. Jack Carrere, a well known newspaper man and recently secretarv of United States Senator W. C. Squire, has filed suit for divorce from his wife Ellen. Washington. The Wyoming admis sion bill was passed in the House March 27; the Democratics putting up solid opposition. McAdoo, of New Jer sey said the constitution, if not the worst was abreast of the worst ever written for a state. Olympia. Wash., March 27. This af ternoon, Charles J. HaileB, of the Ta coma Ledger, Vincent A. Ryan, of the Seattle Press and Edgar B. Piper, of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer were each presented with a beautiful gold headed cane and gold pen, by members of the House, as a token of appreciation of their work, during the session. . By personal request of the pastor. Judge George H. Williams on Sunday evening at the First Congregational church will deliver his address, "Is the Bible the Word of God?" The long continued absence of Nicho las Luguft, who was employed as confi dential clerk by M. G. Griffin, real estate agent, is causing his many friends much anxiety. He left Portland about two weeks ago for Astoria to meet his mother who was to arrive from Russia. His mother is known to be quite wealthy and his father is an officer In the Russian army. Luguff had no reason for disappearing; his accounts are perfect and there was no woman in the case. Eugene is excited. The Council passed a cow ordinance - a few days ago but for some reason his excellency the Mayor vetoed It. Now the Council has put the ordinance over the Mayor's veto, and no longer may bossie cavort or browse along the boulevards. Vice President Holcomb, of the Union Pacific, and his party were accommo dated with rooms at the Portland yes terday when they arrived, but Manager Leland said he could not take board ers yet. 4 L. L. Hawkins has received a letter from Captain Noyes, of the Colons, stating that Ralph Hoyt, who went across to Hongkong for the benefit of his health, has grown so fat that in order to bring him back it will be necessary to leave some of the cargo. Dr. George H. Chance has returned after a two weeks' visit in the East. The Chamber of Commerce building is an assured fact and it will be one of the finest buildings in the City, as it should be. The funds necessary will be forthcoming frfm the business men and the question'of a site is now the only obstacle. DESIGN AS STUDY IV SCHOOLS Process of Conatroction Is Taaaht and Interest In Aroused. PORTLAND, March 28. (To the Ed itor.) A few years ago design was un known in the public schools. It was not thought of in connection with the education of children. Now It la con sidered a necessary and valuable asset in the curriculum, and no school Is without it. The country schools treat it superfi cially, for several reasons. First, the teachers available are not trained for it, and teachers on a small salary do not spend it on expensive tuition dur ing vacation. Second, the funds to run a small country school are always In adequate for -ft specially trained teacher, materials and equipment. Third, the individual expenses of the child have to be kept next to nothing, and requisites for designing are num erous and expensive. Fourth, parents do not see the advisability of study and, when acting on the School Board, vote against it. But former President Elliot, of Har vard, speaks 'ery decidedly for de sign in all the schools, and makes a positive plea for it In an address in which he says design is one of the most important studies and should be classed with the three Rs and on no account should it be slighted. It is a little surprising to hear this from him. Should we follow the work done In the city schools by the children we would see their delight in producing something at once useful and orna mental, and the amount of planning carried on by the very children who, perhaps, pay little attention to studies when thought of as such, do exoellent production work. The children of the city, especially, need the training to supplement the lack in the home, where everything is done for them and everything comes to them in the fin ished state. They seldom see processes of construction. The country children have the advantage, there, they are accustomed daily to watch and take part in handling raw material and fashioning it into something for use. If the teachers all over the country could study design in some of the best normal schools, such as the Normal School at Engiewood, 111, at Pratt In stitute, New York, or the Chicago School of Design and Applied Arts, then they would understand the psychological reasoning of the prob lems and take a greater interest. When the teacher has interest the children do creditable work. There is no doubt that this is the secret of the good work done at Columbia College and at the Chicago School of Design. There is so much good in this study that it has spread in all directions, and the realization of this is noticed in the colleges, -where it Is taught, not necessarily as normal work, but as a part of the general curriculum, to train the observation and feeling. Design is that which makes a work of art a unit, a whole rather than a collection of unrelated things. This general spread of taste will be shown in purchases and, as better goods are demanded, the stores will handle more artistic things. Examples of this are mission furniture, Morris patterns in chintz, conventionalized de-' sign and simplicity in all things. CHERIE M. DUPEE. Coarse In Salesmanship. PORTLAND. March 23. (To the Ed itor.) Please tell me if a person can take a salesmanship course at night school and if he can start now, and where the school is. Do you also know the fees that are to be paid? "A READER." A new class In salesmanship Is form ing at the Y. M. C. A. night school. The complete outline of the course and all particulars as to class work can be had by application to A. J. Robinson, business education secretary. Y. M. C. A. College Education Helps. Baltimore American. "Do you really believe college educa tion helps a young man in business life?" "I know it does. At college my boy was the champion sprinter of hia class, and now he has a Job as bank- rjjaner. 4 THINGS THAT CAUSE DEPRESSION Labor Coatroverelra and Tariff Revi sion Are. Held to Blame. PORTLAND, March 27. (To the Fdl tor.) Wherever two meet nowadays the question, "what's the matter with the country?" is almost sure to asked. The present condition of busi ness is a riddle. Our acres are broad and productive; our mines are not all worked out: transportation facilities were never better; new lines of railroad span the continent; the Panama Canal is finished: our factories are well equipped with modern machinery. Why should we not have general prosper ity? Certainly with such resources all industrious Americans should be living in content and comfort. And yet pros perity hangs back. Money is plenty In the banks, food stuffs abundant, with farmers getting sky-high prices for wheat and meat, and yet In the midst of it all; an in dustrial and commercial depression overspreads the land. "Manufacturers and merchants find it Impossible to market their goods, while the rail roads, the best index of the country's condition, are pushed for money to meet operating expenses, and to pay interest on their bonds. The situation is not only perplexing, it is pitiful. Who is responsible for all this? Why should the industries of the country thus be crippled, trade everywhere paralyzed, capital idle, and thousands of laboring men with their families starved in this the most bountiful coun try under the stars?, Can It be charged to the European war? That no doubt In some ways ag gravates the situation, but we were swamped before that war broke loose. What, then. Is the trouble? A number of things have contributed to the present anomalous situation. 1. The numerous and vexing strikes a few years back by labor, ghuttinn down factories, catching them on the hip, mills, railroad shops, the normal moving of trains, and other industries, Jieldlng workmen a livelihood, wnen their demands for additional wages mean bankruptcy to their employers, who were getting out of the business no more than livelihood for themselves, were one cause of the present demor alization, i 2. A disposition? upon the part of capital to force and hold the rate of wages down to a point at which all business was affected was another con tributing cause. Cheap labor may bo after all a doubtful boon to the em ployer himself. If labor Is shabbily paid trade must be dull. Wage work ers are the consumers of goods. If they can have money to spend there Is always demand for the merchant's wares. It Is when the laboring classes have money in their pockets that every thing else moves apace. 3. At the most inauspicious time conceivable the equilibrium of business was wholly upset by a policy of Na tional administration which invited the dumping onto our markets any and all surplus produced cheaper abroad than if made here at home. In other words, it is a policy that for a time may get foreign commodities at cheaper rates, by bartering for them the very power to produce such commodities. This policy, tested more than once, has al ways proved disastrous. The result is, the men and concerns able to produce business are chary, and with their money have gone into hiding. Capable men are afraid and don't know what to expect. The pres ent Administration in its frantic efforts to restore business prosperity la like a party hunting deer with brass band. 4. In the last analysis, the present widespread business depression con tinues, because of a general distrust of the capabilities of the ruling Adminis tration to run the country. C. E. CLINE. UNITY IN CHILD WELFARE WORK What's Good for Commercial Organisa tion Is Good for Sorlal Kntrrprlae. PORTLAND, March 28. (To the Edi tor.) The need for centralization and unification Of our commercial activities, which is receiving so much publicity at this time, might, if I mistake not, be very beneficially applied in some re spects to child-welfare work. Efforts should be made to standardize child welfare activities and at a recent con ference on child labor in Washington, D. C, it is reported that there was urged the compilation of a National children's charter. We seem to be working entirely on a basis of individual effort and co-operation is practically a dead lutter. For example, some society interest ed In education has a school bill introduced into our Legislature and lobbies actively for its support. An organization interested in depend ent children urges a mothers' pen sion bill. A child labor committee ad vocates an amendment to the child la bor law. Each works Independently of the others and ignores the close rela tion that exists among the various in terests they are seeking to further. Through the medium of a general children's charter there could be grouped all the recognized standards for work in behalf of children, the baBic principles of each department could be clearly set forth, the best methods of dealing with each problem prescribed and the relationship among all the branches of social work for children defined and emphasised. In Ohio two years ago all the state laws affecting children .were codified by an official commission appointed by the Governor and today that state las the only children's code in the United States and marks the first official step taken in this country toward standard izing, simplifying and classifying child welfare laws by a logical plan. A National children's charter would, I believe, not only serve to educate the public in matters of child-welfare, but would bring social workers together on a broad platform and help promote a sane solution of all these related prob lems upon a sound foundation of co operation and Increased Intelligence. J. G. KILPACr SOME LIVE WIRE Knew a boy once. He was in my class when I was going to school; He wasn't very brilliant and he wasn't nary fool. Nine times out of ten, he d get his problems wrong. But the tenth time, he got 'em right. He wa'n't never discouraged, but plod ded right along, . Alius put up a dandy fight. We kinder laughed at him. Called him "Plodding Turk." He didn't seem to care a bit but kept risht at his work. And I:U be darned, while we've-stood Btill, he's kept on going higher. Till now, we doff our hats to him. By gosh, , He's some live wirel Knew a girl once. She wasn't very pretty, like maybe you've knowed some. She wasn't very witty, and she wasn't very dumb. Nine times out of ten, she'd never a word to say. But the tenth time, she said it right. She wasn't very assertive, that never was her way. Just listened well, and thought a , mite. We kinder smiled at her. Called ner 'Just old Nell." She didn't seem to mind a bit, not so's we could tell. But the other day, a book came out, full of wondrous fire. And now, we bend the knee to her. And say. She's some live wire! HORACE WILLIAM MacNEAL. One of the Earlr Settlers. Judge. "I hear that they belong to the early settlers." "Well, you wouldn't think so if you could see the bill collectors climbiCsT their front steps." Half a Century Ago From The Or;onln, March 2, ISM. The policy of the Government under the present Administration Is laid down in the past. We have still Lin coln and his Cabinet, with Seward to guide and wield the diplomacy t'.m makes the foreign policy and the same efficient Cabinet offlcerfc and Generals to handle the Army and Navy. Tlwro is success in every action of the pres ent; and achievements for the National arms wins for the Government conn dence at home and credit abroad. New York. Kennedy, who was ar rested at a concert and since convicted as a spy. is to be hanged at Lafayette Saturday next. Fortress Monroe. In pursuance of a call of the Mayor of WilmlnKton a large mnss meeting has been held, tbo sentiment of which was that the Union Government would be recognized. David E. Swan, of Portland, and Miss Mary Buttle, of Brooklyn, N. Y wese married at Brooklyn by the Kcv. Lea Luuueer recently. Dr. Charles Blach has come to Port land to reside and practice, lie has practiced for the last 10 years In New York. Chief Engineer Buchtel a few even ings ago went out gunning a short distance from the city along ttio Wil lamette and had just raised his gun to shoot a bald eagle when the doas cim rushing by In chase of a fine deer. Buchtel, thinking the deer more likely to be brought down, changed his pur pose and In about an instant killed the deer. The gun was charged with shot for ducks. The hide of the deer will be put on exhibition at Woodard's gallery. It la rumored In high circles In the East that General Joe Hooker Is about to lead to the altar an accomplished lady residing within his command. The trial ot George P. Brals and U. Baker for the murder of Daniel Do laney. Sr., on January f last, com menced In the Circuit Court tf Marlon County, Judue Boise presiding. March 2V. The jury was obtained the first day without trouble and the trial Isated a week, resulting In conviction of both prisoners. A mors Interesting case of circumstantial evidence conclusive of guilt has seldom appeared in criminal cases hereabouts. When hs reached the jail at Salem, after the verdict aasini! him, Bealc went Into fainting fits and spasms m'hlch lasted an hour. Besle Is a man of sensibilities and has suffered intensely during the trial, whllo his partner in crime has gained flesh dur ing his confinement. SCIENTISTS DO NOT IGNORE KVIL How Mrs. Eddys Followers Look Upon War and Crime Is Explained. PORTLAND. March ". (To the Edl. tor.) In The Oregonian March 34, a writer makes a very misleading refer ence to Christian Science. Our friend conveys the Impression that Christian Science teaches us to Ignore "warfare, crime, poverty and sufTorlug" because they are declared by this science to be unreal. The word "unreality," as used In Christian Science, has reference to that which Is not God-created. The scriptures teach that' God made ail things good, and furthor than that ha is "of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on Iniquity. " From the divine standpoint, therefore, all forma and phases of human discord are unreal, even as from the standpoint of the science of numbers ths state ment that two and two maks five is non-existent unreal. The mathema tician progresses not by Ignoring his mistakes, but by correcting them, snd a clear perception of the truth Is the means by which they are corrected. Christian Scientists do not Ignore ll, and discordant human conditions, bill endeavor to correct them by knowing the truth about God, and man In Ills Image and likeness. In regard to the question of war. the Christian Scientist's attitude is well expressed by Mrs. ttddy. Hha says: "For many years I have prayed dally that there be no more war, no more barbarous slaughtering of our follow beings; prayed that all the peoples on earth and the Islands of the sea havs one God, one mind; love God supremely, and love their neighbor as thsmaelvss." (The First Church of Christ, Scientist, and Miscellany, page 2K6.) Again, on page 27a of the same book, she snys: "God is fhther. Infinite, and this great truth, when understood In Its divine metaphysics, will establish the broth erhood ot man, end wars and demon strate 'on earth peace, good will toward men.' " From what has been set forth In this article concerning God and his crea tion, it may be seen that Christian Science teaches that "God's will" la al ways good: that he never wills nor sends evil or suffering upon any living creature. "The Christian Science Hod is universal, eternal, divine love, which ehangeth not and causeth no evil, dis ease, nor death." (Science and Health, page 140.) F. ELMO ROBINSON. Christian Science Committee on Publi cation for Oregon. Figure on Measures. FOREST GROVE. Or., March S7. (To the Editor.) Please Inform me whether the Interest of the voters In Initiative and referendum bills is be coming greater. Where may the fig ures be found, showing the vote for the past few years on these measures in comparison with the vote for Gov ernor? N. M. The Oregon Blue Book, obtainable on application to the Secretary of State. Salem, gives the total number or ballots cast at each election and the number of votes recorded for and against each measure. Self-Drnlal In a Strtrar. Buffalo (N. T.) Express. "Mr. Jlggs is so polite; he always gives me his seat In the streetcar." "Gee, some men will stand for almost anything." Ymsatlent Diner C nrfced. Boston Transcript. Impatient Diner (to passing waiter) Hey! Walter Don't serve It. sir. (Ones nn). Putting the Cash In Cash Registers Every time a manufacturer adver tises a National product in this newspaper, he is cre&tlng business for local merchants. . He Is putting the buying Impulse Into possible customers. Wise merchants sense this as soon as they see the manufacture rs' newspaper advertising. They let the public know their store Is the beat place to buy theae particular goods. They show them In their windows ,and on their counters. They push while the manufactur ers' advertisement Is pulling. And the cssh goes In their own cash registers.