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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 13, 1914)
TTTE MOITNTXG OREOONIA. TUESDAT. OCTOBER 13. 1914. TEUTOfl SPY SYSTEM COSTLY TO FRENCH Germans Even Conduct Pow der Factory in France Dur ing Peace Period. THOUSANDS ARE ARRESTED Invaders as Familiar with Forts of Foes as Are Defenders and Are Tliousrlit Better Acquainted With Streams. PARIS, Oct. 1. (Correspondence of the Associated Press.) The discrimina tion with which the Germans dis tributed war lines and requisitions in the towns they occupied in Belgium and Northern France, and the precision with which they chose the most solvent citizens as hostages has been a sur-, prise, but when the details became known the facts carried their explana tion with them. For instance, the first detachment of Uhlans that entered the City of Lille was guided by . a man who had left his job as superin tendent of an important factory in the city to rejoin his regiment.. At Soissons, when objections were raised to the exacting proportions of the requisitions, the commanding officer called his aid, who turned ' out to be a well-known business man of the town, who, of course, knew its resources thoroughly. All Tsefnl Information at Hand. "You see," said the officer, pointing to the aid. "there's no use resisting; we are posted by some one who knows." Similar instances were reported from Belgium showing that every inch of the ground had been carefully studied; the money in every town estimated; every suitable horse and every ton of hay located and the -plans of every bridge drawn up. In France their statistics went so far as to show how many bottles of wine might be exacted in each locality. Bismarck knew two years before the war of 1870 all that was going on in France and among his informers was no less a personage than the present German chief of staff. Von Moltke. It is doubtful, however, whether his information was as complete as that possessed by the German general staff tcfday. Probably no army ever had the benefit of so far-reaching a system of secret service us that which the Ger mans have developed in France. There is nothing particularly new In the strategems used by the Ger man spies, but the patience, through ness and hardihood with which they have been worked are worthy of note. The reports of the siege of Maubeuge have demonstrated how the great Ger man guns could immediately be put Into action on arrival, thanks to- mac adam foundations prepared months, if not years, in advance, in the yards of a German factory. KrnppN Owners of Factory The land on which this factory was built was purchased by the Krupps through a go-between. The sale caused some talk at the time, but the matter was forgotten until the fall of Maubeuge recalled the circumstances. The range of every fort was care fully taken in advance and the Germans in additftm had the benefit of a com plete underground telephone system by which spies posted at one end could inform "the battery as to the exact re sult of every shot. In connection with the deposits of arms and uniforms in the establish ments of German merchants in Ant werp, this confirms how thorough were the preparations. As long ago as 1887 the topography of the region in which the battle of the Marne was fought was carefully studied by a company of spies, who represented themselves even at the Mayor's offices and at the prefecture's as engineers studying the ground for new railway lines. They got all the ln- lurmauon they wanted. Discovery la Too I. ate. When it was discovered that the pro. Jected railway lines were myth it was too late. They employed supposed artists to sketch fortifications and sun posed fishermen to take the depths of streams. There is probably not a fort in France which the Germans don't know as well as the French, and it is quite possible that there are river fords indicated on their maps of which the French General Staff is ignorant. It was recently asserted that the Ger man Foreign Office -possessed a com plete list of all the inhabitants of France whose fortunes made them eligible hostages, as well as a black list of all those who had made them selves obnoxious by their avowed hos tlllty to Germany. Most of the men employed in the German secret service speak good Eng lish and frequently pass themselves oft as Americans. One tried it the other day after penetrating to General Man oury s headquarters, but his papers were not satisfactory and he was shot torthwith. German Planta Are Near Brldares. It was only when the general mobili zation was ordered that the French be Kan to realize to what extent their country had been organized by the enemy. Then it was remarked that at the end or near the end of many bridges having strategic importance there was a German factory. Maubeuge shows how close they got to the forts and the Landern powder mill is a still graver example of their audacity. This factory, while furnish ins suncotton to the government, was in the hands of Germans, and it has even been declared that the powder that blew up the battleships Iona and Liberte was made of defective guncot ton furnished by this mill. It is known that more than 3000 Ger man spies were arrested in Belgium, most of whom have been tried by court lnartial. How many have been arrested in France no one knows, the govern ment having succeeded in throwing an impenetrable veil over all these proceedings. PENSIONS ARE DECREASED Payments in 1914 Xearly $2,O00, 00 0 Loss Than Last Year. TTASH1XGTOX. Oct. 12 Uncle Sam puid out a total of S172,417.54l in- pen sions In the fiscal year ended June 30 last, according to Commissioner of Pen sions Stiltzgaber. in his annual report made public today. This compares with J17t.17l.6ttD in 1913. which was the largest amount ever paid out. The com missioner points out, however that the summit in expenses has been reached and a decrease in the amount may be expected to continue. The grand total of expenditures for pensions from 1866 up to and including 1911, was J 4.663.51 1,466. The total number of pensioners of all classes on the rolls was 785.239 against 20,273 in 1813. The number of Civil War pensioners was 728.129 compared with 762.439 in 1S13. The largest num ber ever on the rolls was in 1902, when there were 999.466. , FIRST PHOTOGRAPH OF KAISER RECEIVED IK" UNITED . i . WAR. STATES SINCE DECLARATION OF h 1 if Sliliillij; 3 -a.' r ; t : 1 ? a-- If "I ; . Tii 5 aAae si r L - . "S.'n Li' Tf o33S" ". " V" - Photo Copyright by Underwood & Underwood. KAISER WILHEUI COXGRATULATI.VG GENERAL VOX EMMRH (LEFT), THE COXQIEROK OF LIEGE. This photograph was brought to New York by Lucy Gates, the only American colaraturo soprano singer in the Kaiser's opera-house at Cassel, Germany. The photograph was secured on the eve of her departure from Cassel for America. The Kaiser, who supports four opera-houses at Cassel, Wiesbaden, Berlin and Munich, is cutting the salaries of the singers in those houses. RIFLES NOT ALIKE British Use Two Types but Cartridge Is Same. POINTED BULLET GENERAL German Equipment Said to Be Bet ter Than Other Nations, Hope of Perfecting Automatic Weap on Delaying Change. LONDON, Sept. 25. (Correspondence of the Associated Press.) The British troops at the front use two kinds of rifles and two kinds of bullets, but only one kind of cartridge. This is an advantage the American army lacked in the Spanish war, when the marines, the regular Army and the state volun teers used rifles of different caliber, necessitating three separate kinds of ammunition. The standard arm of the British regulars is the short Lee-Enfield. It is a short-barreled rifle evolved after the Boer War with 'a view to a weapon that may be used by infantry and cavalry alike. Its predecessor with a longer barrel is in the hands of the territorial troops. The caliber of both types is .303 inch and the cartridge is loaded with cordite. The magazine capacity is ten shells in clips. - Germany in 1905 adopted the pointed bullet, which has been copied by all the other powers. But England has still a large stock of the old round nosed form. Of the tw6 types, the sharp nosed has the advantage in swiftness, longer range and flatter trajectory. Its muzzle velocity is 2440 feet a second as against the 2000 feet of the round nosed. With the German Mauser the initial velocity of 2800 is still obtained when the sharp bullet is issued, but there is still a supply of the older type of German ammunition sent to the field. The Mauser bullet has a diameter of .311 and the missile is somewhat heavier than the English. Belgium is armed with the Mauser, but it is the earlier pattern of 1889. while the German is1 that of 1898. The caliber of the Belgian arm is .301. The Lebel rifle of 1886, caliber .315. has been used" by France since 1886. France's pointed bullet differs from the others in being of solid copper zinc instead of lead with steel jackets. Austria is armed with the Mann licher. the bullet having a" diameter of .322, somewhat heavier than that of the Nagent rifle of Russia. All of these weapons are modern, with box magazines. The German Mauser has the highest Initial velo city, which is a slight advantage. One reason why so few changes have been made in arms in late years,-why for instance France sticks to the type of 1886. is that all countries have been looking for a practicable auto matic rifle. Many automatics have been, tried out, but they have all failed to meet the tests. But the experts be lieve that the day is not far off when each soldier will carry a machine gun. Infantry lire then will be far more deadly than at present. fighting along the upper Vosges mountains were turned over to the Swiss authorities at Leopoldshoene, August 30, in order that they might rejoin their troops. From Leopold shoehe the French medical military personnel went to Basel, and were per mitted tp go from there to Belfort, via fruntrut On September 2 the Ga zette de Lausanne published a dis patch from its correspondent at Pruntrut, in which it was said that "the physicians of the military rted Lross section declared that the Ger mans had taken everything from them, their surgical instruments, as well as their watches, rings and money." , Interested in this alleged breach of international military law the Swiss general staff investigated the case through the commandant of Basel, and a few days ago sent a copy of the fol lowing report to the Gazette de Lau sanne: "The officers wore their decorations, the cross of the Legion of Honor, had their watches, and theif pocket books were liberally filled with money. I saw some who' had whole bundles of 1000-frank bills, and as a favor I changed for several of them 50-franc notes. Many of them had money changed at the roxchange in the sta tion. "The best proof that the French were not robbed by the Germans, as has been claimed, is that several of them bought champagne of the best brands to drink with their lunch in the station restaurant." The report continues with the state ment that none of the officers checked their men in cutting off the numbers of their regiments and the buttons from the hoods of their coats so that they might give them to the ladies of the French colony of Basel. The French Consul-General at Basel has expressed his regrets to the com mandant for the unseemly conduct of the French troops and the last of the men of the medical service who -were turned over to the Swiss authorities by the Germans were warned by him to conduct themselves more properly. RELIEF WORK OVER American Committee in Lon don Reports to Mr. Page. HELP TOTALS $400,000 LAKE OPPOSES PABTY SENATOR SAYS MUTILATION OF CLAYTON BILL. TRUST VIOLATION. CHARGES SHOWN FALSE Krencli Medical Officers Discredited by Inquiry. " THE HAGUE, Sept. 22. (Corre spondence of the Associated Press.) French medical officers and a number of field hospital men who had been taken prisoners by the Germans In the Preaeat Form Declared "Pore Bun combe Pat Forvrard to Fool Peo ple and Catch Flies." ' OREGONI AN NEWS BUREAU, Wash ington, Oct. 12. "Our methods of leg islating are breeding anarchy," de clared Senator Lane, of Oregon,' in voicing his bitter disapproval of the emasculated Clayton - anti-trust bill, after it had been redrafted by the con ference committee- and most of the penalty clauses removed. More than that. Senator Lane asserted that the Democratic majority in Congress, by mutilating and rendering largely in effective the provisions of the Clayton bill, ' had broken its solemn promises made to the American people two years ago. - Senator Lane refused to be a party to any-such legislation and reg istered his final protest against the Clayton bill by voting against ' the adoption of the conference report. From the beginning of the debate on this measure, which supposedly was proposed to strengthen the Sherman law. Senator Lane followed the de bates and his view coincided with tITat of Senator Reed, of Missouri, that , the Clayton bill, in its final form, was pure buncombe, put forward to fool the people and to catch flies, but not in tended, as the public supposes, to ren der it easier for the Government to convict and punish "malefactors of great wealth." Senator Lane made 'no remarks on the Clayton bill until toe final vote was about to be taken and his comment then was short, but pointed. Trieste. Austria, normally has 200,000 pop ulation. - larsrely Italian. ' Approximately 9 200 Financed Home Entirely or In Part Arrival or Itefngees in Single Day 96-0, Many Being Without Funds. LONDON, Sept. 23. (Correspondence of the Associated Press.) The relief committee formed by Americans resi dent in London has wound up business and its chairman, Herbert Clark Hoover. has submitted a report to Ambassador Page showing in detail the work done. The initial move was taken by Mr. Hoover on August 3, when Consul-General Skinner advised him of the acute temporary destitution of many tourists on account of the series of bank holi days during the first few days of Au gust. Mr. Hoover gathered annroxi mately J4500 In cash with which a loan bureau was opened in the consulate. Applicants were given small loans with out security and without interest, but to date all the loans have been repaid with the exception of about $250. The next step was formation of the committee of American residents, with Ambassador Page as president, Mr. Hoover as chairman, Clarence Graft as treasurer and F. C. Van Duier as sec retary. The benevolent fund to which the American residents subscribed amounted to 116,333, and a- fund to guarantee oanKing operations amount' ed to $41,983. 95000 Given lor Relief. Au American citizens' committee was also formed at a mass meeting? of tour ists, and Theodore Hetzler was named chairman, W. North Duane secretary and William C. Reed treasurer, all from New York. The departure of members of the tourists' organization caused its practical extinction about the middle of August, but during its existence it spent nearly J5000 for relief and also iu.uuu to the residents- committee. In mid-August the committe was au thorized by Dr. Page to draw on and help administer the Congressional fund or 3uu.uuu. So far $135,000 has been drawn from tne t-ongresaional appropriation cover- ing the relief of 4000 persons: but the committee has made available to Amer icans in ail about $400,000 throush sud plemental banking and various means. More than 9200 have been financed home entirely or in p"art by the com mittee. Some Are I nerratef oL There has been some friction between the committee and a small minority of reiugees.. wno objected either to draw ing on their own resources for their fares home or to accepting third-class on the steamers. But the large major ity have been grateful for an opportun ity to help themselves. At times the committe had as many as 2000 persons in lodgings under its control, involving a vast amount of work. On one day 900 tourists arrived at Victoria station from Flushing be tween 9 A. M. and milnight. Of these 460 were advanced money on the plat form for immediate food, and altogether 620 sent to selected lodgings. The un escorted women and children alone numbered 232. Over $la00 was expend ed In this day s work. Approximately S0.000 tourists ' have registered and have been indexed with the committee since the beginning, for the information of friends, and a daily SALE ON THE FOURTH FLOOR Aprons, House Dresses, Petticoats Our October Sale Starts Today 35c PERCALE WORK APRONS, 25c x Made with large fitted bib. which fastens at the back of the neck, forming large collar. All have large pocket. Entire apron finished with white bias banding. Made of excellent percale in a large assortment of light and dark patterns, polka dots, stripes, rings, checks and figures. - 75c PERCALE COVERALL APRONS, SOc . Extra long (57-inch) aprons are included in this assortment as well as 54-inch regular length. Made with round neck, short kimono sleeves, turn-back cuffs, belted back and pocket. Aprons of extra qual ity percale in dots, stripes, checks, figures and plain colors, trimmed with white piping. ic GINGHAM COVERALL APRONS, 59c' 57-inch and 54-inch aprons, of excellent quality Amoskeag gingham in thecks. stripes and plain colors in pink, lavender, light blue, tan and cadet. Made an coverall style, round neck, kimono sleeves with cuff of contrasting gingham, pocket and belted back. ATTRACTIVE BREAKFAST SETSr 98c Consisting of a neat, attractive apron and dainty cap to match. Of percale in white grounds with pretty figures of light blue, red and black, also dainty Dolly Varden patterns. Made in empire style, with square neck and kimono sleeves, finished with wide banding of plain contrasting colors. WOMEN'S HOUSE DRESS APRONS, 89c Made in coverall style with round neck and kimono sleeves, belted at the waistline, giving the effect of a dress, strings tying at the back. They are made of gingham in blue and white or black and white checks. All sizes to fit every woman. CREPE BREAKFAST SETS, $1.85 . Dainty apron and cap sets of soft plisse crepe, in striped and flowered patterns in light blue, pink, lavender and navy. Made with square neck, kimono sleeves and empire waist. Trimmed with wide bandings of plain colors. Pretty cap to match each apron. IMPORTED GERMAN WORK APRONS, 98c Regular Prices $1.25 to $2.00 Imported direct from Germany, made of heavy German fabric noted for its' excellent wearing qual ities. Made with bibs, bands at waist, or in sleeveless coverall style. Trimmed with bias or pleated ruffles and fancy or plain bandings. 75c AMOSKEAG CHAM BRAY PETTICOATS, 49c Made of fine quality Amoskeag chambray, with tucked flounce finished with small ruffle. These skirts tome in straight style, and all have dust ruffle. Excellent for wear under coverall aprons. All lengths. $1.50 HEATHER BLOOM PETTICOATS, 98c Made of heatherbloom or sateen, in emerald, Copen, "King's blue, American Beauty, wistaria and brown. - Skirts have tucked or accordion-plaited flounces, and are made in narrow, straight style. KLOS-FIT PETTICOATS OF COTTON i SPECIAL, $1.25, $1.50, $1.75 AND $2.00 The petticoat with the fitted top. Made of excellent quality of sateen, cotton serge and c messaline. with deep or narrow flounces of tucked or accordion-plaited materials, made witL gores and rubber band top. which will fit any figure. Colors are black, navy, rose, emerald $1.50 PEACH BLOOM PETTICOATS, $1.19 An entirely new material is used in these petticoats, a material which closely resembles si has all the wearing qualities of cotton. .Made with deep accordion-plaited flounce, and top is fini r-1 i i .1 l r 1J l ti l l i v li in rrencn Dana styie. voiors are v-opcn, emeraia. Drown, DiacK, purpie, navy ana rving s Diue. All lengths. $1.65 TUNIC HOUSE DRESSES, $1.15 A new dress with long tunic pointed at the sides, finished with piping. Waist is made with set-in sleeves, side button or rever effect with white poplin collar and cuffs, collar finished with embroidered ' scalloped edge. Piped waistline, and cut full in length, in sizes 36 to 44. These dresses are made of fancy figured crepe in light grounds, also in neat striped and figured percale. $1.50 TO $1.75 HOUSE DRESSES, 95c - Of ginghams and percales in checks, stripes, .fancy figures and plain colors, in pretty colors. Made in a variety of neat styles, showing Byron and sailor collars, round, square, collarless and V-neck, pleated waists and vest effects, plain and panel-back skirts and piped waistlines. Sizes 34 to 46. $2.00 TO $2.75 HOUSE DRESSES, $1.59 A large assortment of pretty dresses of chambray, gingham and percale, in plain colors, checks and stripes. Round. -square and V-neck style, with and without collars, also high-neck styles, long and short sleeves, plain and panel-back skirts, piped and belted waistlines. In many pretty patterns and colorings, in sizes 34 to 46. $2.00 UTILITY HOUSE DRESSES, $1.29 The dress that can be worn either as apron or dress, made with reversible fronts, which can be but toned to either side. They come in a large assortment of striped, checked and figured materials in light and dark colors, in blue, pink, black and white, gray and white. . These dresses are also much used for maternity, wear. All sizes. FOURTH FLOOR r Victor, Col umbia Talk ingM'chines $1.00 Down $1.00 Week HcrcHandiao otcJ Merit Ovy Hoover Suc tion Sweep ers $5.00 Down $5 Month bulletin with useful information has been issued with a circulation as high as 10,000 copies daily. FIVE GENERALS OUSTED Austrian Army Corps Get Xew Heads I'pon Sliort Jfotice. VENICE, Oct. 12. A dispatch from Vienna announces the sudden removal of the commanders of five Austrian army corps and the appointment of General Svetozar Borsevic as the new commander of the third army. The commanders dismissed are Gen erals Baron Giesl von Gieslingen. of the Eighth Army Corps; Kolossvary von Kolosvar, of the Eleventh Army Corps, and Meixner von Zweienstann, of the Seventh Army Corps, and the commanders of the Sixth and Seven teenth Army Corps. The newly appointed commanders are General Are Sixth Corps: Griesler, Seventh Corps: Scheuhemstuel, Eighth Corps; LJubicic, Eleventh Corps, and Kritek, Seventeenth Corps. It is of fially stated that the commanders re tired on their own request, because of reasons of health. The newspapers of Vienna make no comment on the changes, . HOWITZERS FELL MANY OiEKMA.V TELLS HOW FRENCH AR TILLERY WAS ANNIHILATED. Pieces Left In Road In Marcblas Order, With Bodlea of Men and Horses Scattered About, Sara Letter. BERLIN, Sept. 22. (Correspondence of the Associated Press.) What the ef fect of the German neld howitzers' tire can be when directed upon troops in close formation, is described in the let ter of a German officer, which, ' pub lished in the Cologne Gazette of Sep tember 20. reads in part as follows: "On August 22, at 8 o'clock in the evening, just as we were about to go into quarters, a fight developed sud denly. Before we knew what had hap pened we were in the thick of it. It was a quick victory. The French were badly thrashed. That night we slept in a ditch along the highway with the starry sky for a blanket. The cold was mean. "On the following day, matters pro ceeded. The French were retiring on the road to Sedan. Following them we saw terrible scenes. This was espe cially true of a stretch of straight road running through a forest. Here two French field artillery regiments had been annihilated. 'The pieces stood in the road in marching order; the horses, six to each piece, lay dead .In the traces as if struck by lightning. Near them were scattered the dead officers and men. "There were 28 pieces of artillery and all their crews dead. The thing hap pened in 10 minutes, and a Captain Wii helmi is responsible for this fine piece of work. He surprised the French with his field howitzers at a range of 3iH meters. The Captain was shot in the chest, but he could tell us the story. One of the French officers, who hap pened to be a short distance away from the artillery, and who was wounded, told us that the experience was enough to rob anybody of his senses. "I will never forget the awful pic ture. For two kilometers nothing but pieces of artillery, corpses and the cadavers of horses." Trft Texas agricultural station has issued a Damnhlet. in vtew of the great number, of houses which have been rect-ntly carried away in the floods of the rivers of that state, containing valuable jniggestions f ja an chorine houses axuosed to this dangrer.