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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (Dec. 1, 1963)
PAGE tA HERALD gditoucd (paqn When Negro-white racial differences were looked into recently by a committee of first-rank scientists representing the Ameri can Association for the Advancement of Science, it was found there is confusion be tween moral and scientific judgments on the question. A number of critics of major U.S. Su preme Court decisions aimed at assuring equality for Negroes have argued that the rulings are wrong "scientifically." The com plaint is, in other words, that Negroes are inferior and thus not entitled to equality. Though the scientific committee here involved is not composed of specialists in the moral code, the scientists nevertheless dare to argue that the assurances of equality in the U.S. Constitution are founded not on scientific judgments but ethical ones. They find no single word in the Consti tution, its amendments, or any of the most relevant Supreme Court decisions, which suggests that scientific data about the na- ture of the races underlies the determina ' tion that equality must prevail. The celebrated 14th amendment just states baldly that no state shall deprive any body of the equal protection of the laws. The 15th declares that the right to vote shall not IN WASHINGTON By RALPH dc TOLEDANO It is ironic, but not surpris ing, to see big-government ad vocates suddenly switch to free enterprise when their political oxes are being gored by the Federal Eslablisltmonl. But (hose wlio wish to preserve America's private economy should give thanks for all fa vors. It is certainly procr to say "amen" when Sen. Jennings Randolph (D.-W. Va.) lakes to his feet on tire Senate floor to raise Cain about the A t o m i c Energy Commission's determi nation to build up a subsidized and controlled nuclear power industry. It is (he job of the AEC to build experimental reactors and nuclear generating plants, to advance what the scientists call the "state of the art," and to keep the United States in the forefront of all develop ments in the peaceful and mil- itary uses of atomic energy. It is something else again when the AEC, in effect, goes into business lor itself. Senator Randolph has cause for concern. He comes from a coal mining state suffering from chronic unemployment. . So he must jolly well lorget ; his allegiance to New frontier principles and protest the "all i out effort of tlte AEC to bring into being a lusty and thriving ,. nuclear power industry that '. will compete with coal awl oth ' er fossil fuels, regardless of i the cost o the taxpayers and the economic dislocation and unemployment In adversely af fected regions of the country." (It would be holler If he inv pressed these views on some of his colleagues who believe that if Uncle .Sam dws it and pays for it, then it is automatical ly right and virtuous. 1 No one can argue that the AEC was created to supplant present methods of generating electric power or to "assure the construction" of large-scale and mm experimental plants "to demonstrate their effective ness." as Chairman Glenn Sea borg of the AEC informs us. ; "That," says Senator Ran ; dolph, "is government going ; too far and too fast to build one Industry and tear down other long established ones." To prevent this, Mr. Ran dolph is urging the Sennit Ap propriations Committee to pro hibit tfie use of government funds for any civilian nuclear power program which goes be yond (lie strictly experimental. "Why should the government continue to subsidize utilities (or a reactor installation or for the supply of generating ma terials?" Senator llandolph asks. "Let the nuclear-minded utilities finance their own cap ital expansions and fuel re quirements, as do utilities us ing conventional fuels in their generating processes." This is a healthy reaction to AND NEWS, Klamath Falli, Oregon Matter Of Ethics be denied to anyone on account of race, col or or "previous condition of servitude." Not only these particular scientists, but legions of judges, lawyers and legal schol ars long have accepted these amendments as asserting a principle of equal treatment without qualification. The legal specialists would agree with the scientists that there is no supporting scientific justification. The scholars have pointed out that even in the Supreme Court decision of 1896 which set forth the doctrine of "separate but equal facilities" for Negroes, the notion of equality was accepted. It was simply a matter of how to provide it. What the AAAS committee of scientists is suggesting, then, is that reports, docu ments, studies which purport to prove Ne gro inferiority on a "scientific" basis are wholly beside the point in the current racial struggle. From this it would seem to follow that those in this country who wish in one way or another to limit the role of Negroes in American life must overturn the ethical judgments embodying the equality princi ple and embedded in the Constitution. For it is upon these judgments that the Supreme Court relies today in its decisions in this controversial field. AEC Planning a trend which sees the Federal government taking over more and more of the economy either directly or through sys tems of control. There is no reason why the bureaucrats should be using tux money to create commercial enterprises. It would bo an even healthier reaction if tile altitude were more consistent. In the House and Senate, there arc always critics of government expansion and spending. But usually they disappear when Ihc Federal dollar is r ving in the direc tion of Hum- stales or con gressional districts. Somehow, it has failed to penelratc tire legislative mind tliat it takes two to tango that If one appropriation Is passed favoring District X, I lien the rest of the Congress will expect the representatives who benefited to go along by supporting the oliicr fellow's turn at the public trough. If nuclear power can be pro duced competitively, tlien the utility companies should be By Purely Personal Prejudices: There Is one infallible, way of telling the difference between the righteous and the merely self-righteous people to Ihe self righteous, no punishment of the unrighteous seems excessie or loo severe. We judge people more by their teniierament Uian by their char acter; thus, wo prefer the weak and amiable to the strong and crusty, for the former do not threaten our pretensions or punc ture our poses. It is much easier to accept had fortune philosophically than to refrain from ascribing our success to our virtues instead of to luck. Feelings can 1w communi cated, but ideas cannot: this is why it is simple to arouse a crowd lo an act of irrational violence, but nearly intxissihle to persuade even one man to change his basic views. To be caught between two worlds is tlie tragedy n( some lives: as tlie elderly woman wistfully remarked in one of U lian Hcllman's pays: "1 was always too good, lor the men who wanted me. and not good enough for tlie men 1 wanted." A happy person Is one who is not inclined to ask himself ques tions that are beyond his power to answer: that is why most creativity, most inventions, most advances are made by unhappy persons. 'r- f i Sunday, December 1, 1963 Empire ? permitted to enter the field lo the benefit of tlie consumer. If it is not competitive, then the Federal government should not grant subsidies. The im portant point, Iwwcvcr, is that whatever the means of gen erating power may be, the con trol of it should not be in the hands of the government. The Atomic Energy Commis sion costs the taxpayer billions of dollars. Because of the na ture of tlie enterprise and the need for security, H is essen tial at this lime that all exper imentation and development remain in government hands. But that's all. If nuclear power plants were being set up today on a pri vate basis, the taxpayer would would be the beneficiary of more and eventually clieaper power, and 12) he would prolit from the increased taxes going to the government from tliese operations. This is something neither the AEC nor the "pub lic power" lobby ever bothers to take into account. STRICTLY PERSONAL SYDNEY J. HARRIS The lower orders who fail to teach their children manners don't do as much harm as tlie lgber orders who arc satisfied if llieir children display good manners without any substance of good feeling beneath them; a sui lace courtesy that masks sul lonnoss and unresponsiveness can do more damage to tlie la ter personality than mere ne glect of the amenities. It is a grave fallacy to believe that looking into a mirror dis closes how we appear lo others: Ihe mirror rellects only what we want lo see. or fear lo see, or think we see: il never rellects what is so swiftly and unerring ly detected by even tlie most casual stranger: the ultimate ex pression of the soul, as formed and deformed by the passing years. Nothing, in a way. can be more narrowing than travel: wIk'ii we are in a strange land, the presence of someone from our own neighlMirhiHid impels us to draw close to him. even though at home we would not want lo lie in his company more than a moment. If people knew what the true "sell" really j, then to be tnily selfish would be the great est o( virtues, for it would mean doing only those things which augmented and beatitilicd tlie true self, rather than those things which diminish and de mean it. . , . Down WASHINGTON REPORT . By FULTON LEWIS JR. WASHINGTON - Leaders of the controversial National Stu dent Association have suffered their most humiliating defeat to dale. The group, which purports lo speak for several million U.S. college students, has been un der conservative fire for sever al years. Major schools in cluding the universities of Ne braska, Texas, Iowa, Oklaho ma, and Indiana have turned thumbs down on NSA, charging it with leftist bias. Now NSA's charter member, Ohio's Anlioch College, has withdrawn. That Antioch. a school with a much-deserved reputation for campus radical ism, should pull out is all tlie more significant. A curious co alition of liberals and conserv atives argued at Antioch that NSA was "undemocratic." and the student council's vote was unanimous to get out. The Anlioch vote followed similar tallies on other cam puses this fall. The University of Delaware student senate voted down NSA early in Octo ber. The school's paper said the vote was a repudiation of "the constant leftist political views, which NSA holds lo be those of the American College student, and of the small mi nority of 'professicnal s I u denls' who fill executive posi tions." On Oct. 4. Ihe University of Florida at Gainesville he'd a campus-wide vote on NSA al filiation. Students voted "nu." 3,0(13 to 493, and the univer sity's paper headlined the news slory: "Students Smash NSA Affiliation." On Oct. 18 the Vanderbilt University student senate voted 24-0 to quit NSA. Student Sen. Bob Bramc said the NSA had ignored "its watchword of aca demic freedom and democratic processes." Similar voles were recorded this fall at Iowa State Univer sity. Indiana's Ball State Uni versity and the University of Wisconsin. On virtually every campus where NSA is rejected the fight is by members of the Young Americans (or Freedom and Ihc College Young Repub licans. They have pointed lo NSA res olutions winch include: Defense of Japanese stu dent rioting against lormcr President Eisenhower. Praise (or Fidel Castro's educational "reforms" and earlier condemnation of the Batista Government for sup pression of "academic f r c e dom." Recommendation that Hie House Un-American Activities Committee be abolished. Opposition to loyalty oaths "If I'm Not Too Curious -What's Holding You Up?" Boy . . .! " Student Association Suffers Big Defeat for students receiving federal loans. Criticism of U.S. aid to such anti-Ccmmunist allies as Spain and Portugal. Calls for repeal of the Mc-Carran-Waller Act. Protests against the firing of Communist teachers. Dcnuniciation of U.S. meas ures to achieve nuclear superi ority. Bolivia's chief executive, a power - hungry tyrant named Victor Paz Estenssoro, showed up in Washington earlier this month on an official state visit. He reportedly made a plea for v increased U.S. assistance. All of which prompted Sen. Barry Goldwater to note that Bolivia had received $262 mil lion in U.S. aid by June, 1952. a per capita figure that is high er than that of any other Latin nation. He said: "What I have learned so far leads me to conclude that aid to Bolivia should be withdrawn. It is an example of the very wrong way, not the right way, for Latin America. It exists not by its own virtues, but only by U.S. support. It is no proved friend of freedom but a para site upon it." Goldwater's view is but tressed by the finding of Latin American expert Prof. William Stokes: "President Paz Es tenssoro and his advisers evinced from the very begin ning a passionate intolerance of the opposition. They arrested a former minister of economic affairs, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, leaders of the major political parties, and many other prominent, even distinguished, figures. "Secret police, organized un der a bureau known as Politi cal Centre!, ferreted out the opposition, using unconstitu tional methods that rivaled in ferocity those employed by the Nazi and Communist tyrannies. "The jails were literally filled with thousands of poli tical prisoners and President Paz Estenssoro's words cre ated concentration or 'work camps' to accommodate the overflow." THEY SAY... There must be a day of re pentance for the wrongs the Ne gro in America has been sub jected to . . . and a firm re solve, by all branches of the gov ernment, and by tlie people, that the long suffering of the Negro shall not have been in vain. U.S. Appeals Judge J. Skellv Wright. Goldwater Cause Damaged Editor's Note: NL'A'i roving political correspondent Bruce Blossat here reports the results of a broad survey of political sources concerning the effects of President Kennedy's death upon the 19S4 election cam paigns of both parties. Biossat writes from the viewpoint of a reporter who has traveled from his home base in Wash ington to most of the states during his political swings of recent years. By BRUCE BIOSSAT WASHINGTON ( N E A I President Lyndon B. Johnson is tlie almost certain Demo cratic standard bearer for 1964, but his likely presence on tlie ticket may dampen chances that front-running Sen. Barry Goldwater of Arizona will be the Republican choice. The new President will have going for him all the advan tages accruing to an incum bent, plus perhaps additional factors. Working against Goldwater is the fact that his entire stra tegy is based on a near sweep of the south. With the assassi nation of John F. Kennedy that strategy has lost its prime stimulus. The great target of segregationist southerners is gone. Here are the evident pros pects for Johnson at this mo ment: To do otherwise than nomi nate him as tiie incumbent would be for the Democrats to accept serious rebuke of their White House stewardship. Few think this likely even tliough Johnson admittedly is far less suitable than Kennedy was to the northern liberal-big city-labor taste. Yet for the lib erals to suggest dumping John son would open them to severe charges of party irregularity. A better bet is that they will try to influence him through parly platforms and other pres sures. Moreover, Johnson himself, presumably with 1968 in mind, had been steadily trying to al ter his earlier southern-western image and build a new one as a more broadly national figure. When he was making ready for his 1963 trip to Scandina via, an aide privately told a Washington observer: "Better come along, or you'll miss the boat for 1968," The inference was plain that Johnson's foreign forays as vice president were viewed by him as part of the new image building process. In tlie next II months John son will also enjoy something of a "honeymoon" period such as all new incumbents general ly are accorded. If his perform ance in this span is even mod erately good, it could strength en him not only within his par ty but also in Ihe nation. One Washington veteran makes another point. Kennedy is Ihe first president to be as sassinated close to an election year. To the extent he might become a martyr in some vot ers' eyes, a strong sympathy vote conceivably could benelit Johnson. A Southern Republican was skeptical. While acknowledging the chance of a "sympathy" wave, he questioned whether it would transfer to Johnson or anybody else. Finally, Johnson as Senate majority leader was a master maneuverer in the U.S. Sen ale, with strong connections in tlie House. It is assumed he will try hard, by methods sharply different from the late John Kennedy's, to push im portant bills to passage in the months ahead. But the real rub is what he will do on civil rights. A south erner widely known for his careful judgments thinks this is where Johnson will truly be measured. "If he goes (or Kennedy's civil rights bill with its public accommodations feature, he Al manac By Uniled Press International Today is Sunday. Dec. 1. the 3.l.ith day of 1963 with 30 to follow. The moon is approaching its last quarter. The evening stars are Jupi ter, Saturn, and Venus. On this day in history; In 1917. Father Edward Flan acan founded Boys Town in Nebraska for orphans or other wise homeless boys. In 1923. Great Britain. France, Italy, Belgium and Germany sicned the Locarno Pact to out law willful aggression anywhere In Europe. In IKU, Ihc New York Stock Exchange announced for the tirst time in history investors could buy stocks on an install ment plan. In I9V1. fire swept through the Chicago Roman Catholic Parochial School ol Our Ladv of the Ancels killing 9.1 chil dren and three nuns and injur ing 100. A thought for tlie day The Ench-h writer Samuel Johnson sad "Gratitude is a fruit of gicat cultivation." will alienate the south even more than he has already." this man says. Johnson as vice president supported the Kennedy bill, and has taken other civil rights positions disapproved by south erners. Yet in the south. Uie southern source added. John son as a Texan thought o.' also as more conservative than his predecessor might still have some edge over Ken nedy as a nominee. Even at best, it is widely agreed. Johnson would not be tlie man to beat that Kennedy was says one politician: 'There just wasn't anybody tougher than Kennedy." This was an acknowledgment of the late President's admit ted "star quality" which made many voters lavor him on the basis of personality alone. Johnson's plain-spoken drawl ing, "old shoe," style is not figured to have such impact. On this basis and his expect ed less effective northern ap peal, politicians generally are upgrading Republican presiden tial chances for 19H. But it is felt that, barring too sweeping a Johnson com mitment on public accommoda tions in civil rights, the Gold water candidacy is not advan taged. Supporters of the sena tor here and in the South cun cede this. Recent sampling amnng southern Republican leaders showed they had little taste for another try by the I960 GOP nominee, Richard M. Nixon, now a New Yorker. But even he is being upgrad ed in some minds. Still, one southern man registered this reservation: To the extent there is in 1964 a strong "Kennedy" sympathy vote for Democrats. Nixon might only sharpen it. "Ev ery time the voters look at him, they may think of Ken nedy." Alternatives to Nixon as a moderate choice are no clear er than before, though a feel ing exists that the changed pic EDSON IN WASHINGTON By PETER EDSON Washington Correspondent Newspaper Enterprise Assn. WASHINGTON ( NEA l-'Tve always been a booster for Lyn don Johnson," Ihe new Presi dent of the United States said some months after he became vice president. "But I admire the way the young senator 1 put on Ihe Foreign Relations Committee a few years ago is running the White House. "I want to see the job of president run the way I'd do it, and President Kennedy has done that." This revealing little story is recalled now as an indication of two things: The Kennedy foreign policies will probably be continued without interrup tion. And the new President has plenty of self-confidence to carry on the job. Critics overlook a number of important points in maintain ing that while Lyndon Johnson has p I e n t y of savvy about American politics, he may lack international political experi ence. Johnson was given many im portant foreign policy assign ments as second man in the Kennedy administration. They have not been just good will missions like his attend ance of Senegal's lust anni versary of independence. Nor have they been ceremonials like his presence at the inaucu ration of Dominican Republic's ex-Prcidcnt Juan Bosch. President Johnson has not had extensive experience in Latin America. But he was President Kennedy's consultant with President Truman during the Cuba crisis. And Johnson has had close association with Mexico's presidents in years past. In Europe during his first year in the vice presidency. Lyndon Johnson was sent to a nuclear test ban conference in Geneva At a NATO meeting in Supreme headquarters near Paris. Johnson spoke for the United States in support of "a true Atlantic community with common institutions." Five months later Johnson went back to Europe as spokes man for a 1.500-man reinforce ment for Berlin. Mayor Willy Brandt declared that Johnson's visit "erased any doubts among the people over United Slates support (or the city," Johnson conferred with Chan cellor Konrad Adenauer and his ministers in Bonn during this mission. When he came to America shortly thercalter (or nts fust official visit with Pres ident Kennedy, Adenauer went to Austin for a speech and spent two da on tlie L B J. ranch. In May of ISfil. Johnson went on a round-the-world mission ture may embolden northern big-state GOP leaders who do not want Goldwater. In St. Louis, almost at the time of Ihe tragedy in Dallas. Michigan's Gov. George Rom ney look issue with Goldwater's outlook on civil rights, "right to work" laws and other mat ters. Almost nobody thinks New York Gov. Nelson Rockefeller, avowed candidate tagged as the most liberal and handi capped by divorce and remar riage, is better off now. One Washington man was an excep tion: "Nothing is out of the window right now." This same source disagrees with tlie majority which figures GOP prospects automatically bettered by the turn of events. Says he: "I don't know if the Republican nomination has be come more valuable. With al! the factors accruing to a new incumbent, 1 think that's de batable." Even Kennedy was given a chance by many observers to bile into the South next year and take perhaps Georgia, Tex as. North Carolina and Louisi ana. With Johnson as nominee, it is considered possible that South Carolina, Tennessee and maybe one or two other south ern states might also go Demo cratic. This would leave v-c r y little for Goldwater beyond Flo rida and Virginia, which have gone Republican in presidential tests ever since 1952. Totally unanswered at this stage is what 1968 may bring. Here Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, the late Presi dent's politically sharp broth er, must be considered. Nothing is known today of his inten tions, nor have his prospects been soberly appraised. But strong feeling exists among politicians that he may soon go down the road toward high elective office. It is ac cepted he Could be a powerful attraction as the young inheri tor of all that John F. Kenne dv stood for. Johnson No Novice About Foreign Aid for President Kennedy, to buck up South Asia, and to get first hand knowledge of tlie Philip pines, Formosa, Hong Kong. In Saigon he signed a new a i d and training agreement with Vietnam. In Thailand he gave assurances against threat ened Communist attacks from the north. In India he spoilt two days with Nehru, review ing foreign aid programs. Johnson returned from Pak istan recommending more aid for that country and he ad vanced by four months Presi dent A y u b Khan's visit lo America as an ally worth cul tivating. This year Johnson has visited the Scandinavian countries and delivered important trade pol icy statements to European Common Market ministers in Amsterdam and Brussels. The important point is not that President Johnson already knows and has visited many of the world's leading statesmen excluding only the Russians hut that he has been in on Ihe planning of manv current American foreign policies. He has been a member of both the National Security Council of seven cabinet mem bers and the NSC Executive Committee of 12 active, work ing technicians on the White House. State. Delense and Cen tral Intelligence Agency slafls. In this position the man who his now assumed the presi dency has developed close f ' lalinns with Secretaries Rusk and McNamara. CIA Director ,I"hn McConc and WHtc House Aide McGcorge Bundy. He has found them all to be brilliant menl, "able to use their heads for something more than hat racks." Changes in staff are of course inevitable in time. Some of the more controversial aides around the White House will prohahlv be leaving soon, to no one's r-may hut theirs. But President Johnson docs not have to build up a brand new administration, starting from scratch, lo carry on his foreign policies. It is a continu ing operation. This is perhaps the be-t as surance there is for allied for eign olfices. where there has been seme concern that tliere mi slit be a complete change in I S policies. OUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Q What type of paper is used In the nuking of cigarettes? A A linen flax paper. Q Is the onion high in vita mins? A-No.
