PAGE tA
HERALD
gditoucd (paqn
When Negro-white racial differences
were looked into recently by a committee of
first-rank scientists representing the Ameri
can Association for the Advancement of
Science, it was found there is confusion be
tween moral and scientific judgments on
the question.
A number of critics of major U.S. Su
preme Court decisions aimed at assuring
equality for Negroes have argued that the
rulings are wrong "scientifically." The com
plaint is, in other words, that Negroes are
inferior and thus not entitled to equality.
Though the scientific committee here
involved is not composed of specialists in
the moral code, the scientists nevertheless
dare to argue that the assurances of
equality in the U.S. Constitution are founded
not on scientific judgments but ethical ones.
They find no single word in the Consti
tution, its amendments, or any of the most
relevant Supreme Court decisions, which
suggests that scientific data about the na-
ture of the races underlies the determina
' tion that equality must prevail.
The celebrated 14th amendment just
states baldly that no state shall deprive any
body of the equal protection of the laws. The
15th declares that the right to vote shall not
IN WASHINGTON
By RALPH dc TOLEDANO
It is ironic, but not surpris
ing, to see big-government ad
vocates suddenly switch to free
enterprise when their political
oxes are being gored by the
Federal Eslablisltmonl. But
(hose wlio wish to preserve
America's private economy
should give thanks for all fa
vors. It is certainly procr to say
"amen" when Sen. Jennings
Randolph (D.-W. Va.) lakes to
his feet on tire Senate floor to
raise Cain about the A t o m i c
Energy Commission's determi
nation to build up a subsidized
and controlled nuclear power
industry.
It is (he job of the AEC to
build experimental reactors
and nuclear generating plants,
to advance what the scientists
call the "state of the art," and
to keep the United States in
the forefront of all develop
ments in the peaceful and mil-
itary uses of atomic energy. It
is something else again when
the AEC, in effect, goes into
business lor itself.
Senator Randolph has cause
for concern. He comes from a
coal mining state suffering
from chronic unemployment.
. So he must jolly well lorget
; his allegiance to New frontier
principles and protest the "all
i out effort of tlte AEC to bring
into being a lusty and thriving
,. nuclear power industry that
'. will compete with coal awl oth
' er fossil fuels, regardless of
i the cost o the taxpayers and
the economic dislocation and
unemployment In adversely af
fected regions of the country."
(It would be holler If he inv
pressed these views on some of
his colleagues who believe that
if Uncle .Sam dws it and pays
for it, then it is automatical
ly right and virtuous. 1
No one can argue that the
AEC was created to supplant
present methods of generating
electric power or to "assure
the construction" of large-scale
and mm experimental plants
"to demonstrate their effective
ness." as Chairman Glenn Sea
borg of the AEC informs us.
; "That," says Senator Ran
; dolph, "is government going
; too far and too fast to build
one Industry and tear down
other long established ones."
To prevent this, Mr. Ran
dolph is urging the Sennit Ap
propriations Committee to pro
hibit tfie use of government
funds for any civilian nuclear
power program which goes be
yond (lie strictly experimental.
"Why should the government
continue to subsidize utilities
(or a reactor installation or for
the supply of generating ma
terials?" Senator llandolph
asks. "Let the nuclear-minded
utilities finance their own cap
ital expansions and fuel re
quirements, as do utilities us
ing conventional fuels in their
generating processes."
This is a healthy reaction to
AND NEWS, Klamath Falli, Oregon
Matter Of Ethics
be denied to anyone on account of race, col
or or "previous condition of servitude."
Not only these particular scientists, but
legions of judges, lawyers and legal schol
ars long have accepted these amendments as
asserting a principle of equal treatment
without qualification. The legal specialists
would agree with the scientists that there
is no supporting scientific justification.
The scholars have pointed out that even
in the Supreme Court decision of 1896
which set forth the doctrine of "separate
but equal facilities" for Negroes, the notion
of equality was accepted. It was simply a
matter of how to provide it.
What the AAAS committee of scientists
is suggesting, then, is that reports, docu
ments, studies which purport to prove Ne
gro inferiority on a "scientific" basis are
wholly beside the point in the current racial
struggle.
From this it would seem to follow that
those in this country who wish in one way
or another to limit the role of Negroes in
American life must overturn the ethical
judgments embodying the equality princi
ple and embedded in the Constitution.
For it is upon these judgments that the
Supreme Court relies today in its decisions
in this controversial field.
AEC Planning
a trend which sees the Federal
government taking over more
and more of the economy
either directly or through sys
tems of control. There is no
reason why the bureaucrats
should be using tux money to
create commercial enterprises.
It would bo an even healthier
reaction if tile altitude were
more consistent. In the House
and Senate, there arc always
critics of government expansion
and spending. But usually they
disappear when Ihc Federal
dollar is r ving in the direc
tion of Hum- stales or con
gressional districts.
Somehow, it has failed to
penelratc tire legislative mind
tliat it takes two to tango
that If one appropriation Is
passed favoring District X,
I lien the rest of the Congress
will expect the representatives
who benefited to go along by
supporting the oliicr fellow's
turn at the public trough.
If nuclear power can be pro
duced competitively, tlien the
utility companies should be
By
Purely Personal Prejudices:
There Is one infallible, way of
telling the difference between
the righteous and the merely
self-righteous people to Ihe self
righteous, no punishment of
the unrighteous seems excessie
or loo severe.
We judge people more by their
teniierament Uian by their char
acter; thus, wo prefer the weak
and amiable to the strong and
crusty, for the former do not
threaten our pretensions or punc
ture our poses.
It is much easier to accept
had fortune philosophically than
to refrain from ascribing our
success to our virtues instead of
to luck.
Feelings can 1w communi
cated, but ideas cannot: this is
why it is simple to arouse a
crowd lo an act of irrational
violence, but nearly intxissihle
to persuade even one man to
change his basic views.
To be caught between two
worlds is tlie tragedy n( some
lives: as tlie elderly woman
wistfully remarked in one of U
lian Hcllman's pays: "1 was
always too good, lor the men
who wanted me. and not good
enough for tlie men 1 wanted."
A happy person Is one who is
not inclined to ask himself ques
tions that are beyond his power
to answer: that is why most
creativity, most inventions, most
advances are made by unhappy
persons.
'r- f i
Sunday, December 1, 1963
Empire
?
permitted to enter the field
lo the benefit of tlie consumer.
If it is not competitive, then
the Federal government should
not grant subsidies. The im
portant point, Iwwcvcr, is that
whatever the means of gen
erating power may be, the con
trol of it should not be in the
hands of the government.
The Atomic Energy Commis
sion costs the taxpayer billions
of dollars. Because of the na
ture of tlie enterprise and the
need for security, H is essen
tial at this lime that all exper
imentation and development
remain in government hands.
But that's all.
If nuclear power plants were
being set up today on a pri
vate basis, the taxpayer would
would be the beneficiary of
more and eventually clieaper
power, and 12) he would prolit
from the increased taxes going
to the government from tliese
operations. This is something
neither the AEC nor the "pub
lic power" lobby ever bothers to
take into account.
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
SYDNEY J. HARRIS
The lower orders who fail to
teach their children manners
don't do as much harm as tlie
lgber orders who arc satisfied
if llieir children display good
manners without any substance
of good feeling beneath them; a
sui lace courtesy that masks sul
lonnoss and unresponsiveness
can do more damage to tlie la
ter personality than mere ne
glect of the amenities.
It is a grave fallacy to believe
that looking into a mirror dis
closes how we appear lo others:
Ihe mirror rellects only what
we want lo see. or fear lo see, or
think we see: il never rellects
what is so swiftly and unerring
ly detected by even tlie most
casual stranger: the ultimate ex
pression of the soul, as formed
and deformed by the passing
years.
Nothing, in a way. can be
more narrowing than travel:
wIk'ii we are in a strange land,
the presence of someone from
our own neighlMirhiHid impels
us to draw close to him. even
though at home we would not
want lo lie in his company more
than a moment.
If people knew what the true
"sell" really j, then to be
tnily selfish would be the great
est o( virtues, for it would mean
doing only those things which
augmented and beatitilicd tlie
true self, rather than those
things which diminish and de
mean it.
. , . Down
WASHINGTON REPORT .
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
WASHINGTON - Leaders of
the controversial National Stu
dent Association have suffered
their most humiliating defeat
to dale.
The group, which purports lo
speak for several million U.S.
college students, has been un
der conservative fire for sever
al years. Major schools in
cluding the universities of Ne
braska, Texas, Iowa, Oklaho
ma, and Indiana have turned
thumbs down on NSA, charging
it with leftist bias.
Now NSA's charter member,
Ohio's Anlioch College, has
withdrawn. That Antioch. a
school with a much-deserved
reputation for campus radical
ism, should pull out is all tlie
more significant. A curious co
alition of liberals and conserv
atives argued at Antioch that
NSA was "undemocratic." and
the student council's vote was
unanimous to get out.
The Anlioch vote followed
similar tallies on other cam
puses this fall. The University
of Delaware student senate
voted down NSA early in Octo
ber. The school's paper said
the vote was a repudiation of
"the constant leftist political
views, which NSA holds lo be
those of the American College
student, and of the small mi
nority of 'professicnal s I u
denls' who fill executive posi
tions." On Oct. 4. Ihe University of
Florida at Gainesville he'd a
campus-wide vote on NSA al
filiation. Students voted "nu."
3,0(13 to 493, and the univer
sity's paper headlined the news
slory: "Students Smash NSA
Affiliation."
On Oct. 18 the Vanderbilt
University student senate voted
24-0 to quit NSA. Student Sen.
Bob Bramc said the NSA had
ignored "its watchword of aca
demic freedom and democratic
processes."
Similar voles were recorded
this fall at Iowa State Univer
sity. Indiana's Ball State Uni
versity and the University of
Wisconsin. On virtually every
campus where NSA is rejected
the fight is by members of the
Young Americans (or Freedom
and Ihc College Young Repub
licans. They have pointed lo NSA res
olutions winch include:
Defense of Japanese stu
dent rioting against lormcr
President Eisenhower.
Praise (or Fidel Castro's
educational "reforms" and
earlier condemnation of the
Batista Government for sup
pression of "academic f r c e
dom." Recommendation that Hie
House Un-American Activities
Committee be abolished.
Opposition to loyalty oaths
"If I'm Not Too Curious -What's
Holding You Up?"
Boy . . .! "
Student Association
Suffers Big Defeat
for students receiving federal
loans.
Criticism of U.S. aid to
such anti-Ccmmunist allies as
Spain and Portugal.
Calls for repeal of the Mc-Carran-Waller
Act.
Protests against the firing
of Communist teachers.
Dcnuniciation of U.S. meas
ures to achieve nuclear superi
ority. Bolivia's chief executive, a
power - hungry tyrant named
Victor Paz Estenssoro, showed
up in Washington earlier this
month on an official state visit.
He reportedly made a plea for
v increased U.S. assistance.
All of which prompted Sen.
Barry Goldwater to note that
Bolivia had received $262 mil
lion in U.S. aid by June, 1952.
a per capita figure that is high
er than that of any other Latin
nation.
He said:
"What I have learned so far
leads me to conclude that aid
to Bolivia should be withdrawn.
It is an example of the very
wrong way, not the right way,
for Latin America. It exists
not by its own virtues, but only
by U.S. support. It is no proved
friend of freedom but a para
site upon it."
Goldwater's view is but
tressed by the finding of Latin
American expert Prof. William
Stokes: "President Paz Es
tenssoro and his advisers
evinced from the very begin
ning a passionate intolerance
of the opposition. They arrested
a former minister of economic
affairs, former Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court, leaders of
the major political parties, and
many other prominent, even
distinguished, figures.
"Secret police, organized un
der a bureau known as Politi
cal Centre!, ferreted out the
opposition, using unconstitu
tional methods that rivaled in
ferocity those employed by the
Nazi and Communist tyrannies.
"The jails were literally
filled with thousands of poli
tical prisoners and President
Paz Estenssoro's words cre
ated concentration or 'work
camps' to accommodate the
overflow."
THEY
SAY...
There must be a day of re
pentance for the wrongs the Ne
gro in America has been sub
jected to . . . and a firm re
solve, by all branches of the gov
ernment, and by tlie people, that
the long suffering of the Negro
shall not have been in vain.
U.S. Appeals Judge J. Skellv
Wright.
Goldwater Cause Damaged
Editor's Note: NL'A'i roving
political correspondent Bruce
Blossat here reports the results
of a broad survey of political
sources concerning the effects
of President Kennedy's death
upon the 19S4 election cam
paigns of both parties. Biossat
writes from the viewpoint of
a reporter who has traveled
from his home base in Wash
ington to most of the states
during his political swings of
recent years.
By BRUCE BIOSSAT
WASHINGTON ( N E A I
President Lyndon B. Johnson
is tlie almost certain Demo
cratic standard bearer for 1964,
but his likely presence on tlie
ticket may dampen chances
that front-running Sen. Barry
Goldwater of Arizona will be
the Republican choice.
The new President will have
going for him all the advan
tages accruing to an incum
bent, plus perhaps additional
factors.
Working against Goldwater
is the fact that his entire stra
tegy is based on a near sweep
of the south. With the assassi
nation of John F. Kennedy that
strategy has lost its prime
stimulus. The great target of
segregationist southerners is
gone.
Here are the evident pros
pects for Johnson at this mo
ment: To do otherwise than nomi
nate him as tiie incumbent
would be for the Democrats to
accept serious rebuke of their
White House stewardship.
Few think this likely even
tliough Johnson admittedly is
far less suitable than Kennedy
was to the northern liberal-big
city-labor taste. Yet for the lib
erals to suggest dumping John
son would open them to severe
charges of party irregularity.
A better bet is that they will
try to influence him through
parly platforms and other pres
sures. Moreover, Johnson himself,
presumably with 1968 in mind,
had been steadily trying to al
ter his earlier southern-western
image and build a new one as
a more broadly national figure.
When he was making ready
for his 1963 trip to Scandina
via, an aide privately told a
Washington observer:
"Better come along, or
you'll miss the boat for 1968,"
The inference was plain that
Johnson's foreign forays as
vice president were viewed by
him as part of the new image
building process.
In tlie next II months John
son will also enjoy something
of a "honeymoon" period such
as all new incumbents general
ly are accorded. If his perform
ance in this span is even mod
erately good, it could strength
en him not only within his par
ty but also in Ihe nation.
One Washington veteran
makes another point. Kennedy
is Ihe first president to be as
sassinated close to an election
year. To the extent he might
become a martyr in some vot
ers' eyes, a strong sympathy
vote conceivably could benelit
Johnson.
A Southern Republican was
skeptical. While acknowledging
the chance of a "sympathy"
wave, he questioned whether it
would transfer to Johnson or
anybody else.
Finally, Johnson as Senate
majority leader was a master
maneuverer in the U.S. Sen
ale, with strong connections in
tlie House. It is assumed he
will try hard, by methods
sharply different from the late
John Kennedy's, to push im
portant bills to passage in the
months ahead.
But the real rub is what he
will do on civil rights. A south
erner widely known for his
careful judgments thinks this is
where Johnson will truly be
measured.
"If he goes (or Kennedy's
civil rights bill with its public
accommodations feature, he
Al
manac
By Uniled Press International
Today is Sunday. Dec. 1. the
3.l.ith day of 1963 with 30 to
follow.
The moon is approaching its
last quarter.
The evening stars are Jupi
ter, Saturn, and Venus.
On this day in history;
In 1917. Father Edward Flan
acan founded Boys Town in
Nebraska for orphans or other
wise homeless boys.
In 1923. Great Britain. France,
Italy, Belgium and Germany
sicned the Locarno Pact to out
law willful aggression anywhere
In Europe.
In IKU, Ihc New York Stock
Exchange announced for the
tirst time in history investors
could buy stocks on an install
ment plan.
In I9V1. fire swept through
the Chicago Roman Catholic
Parochial School ol Our Ladv
of the Ancels killing 9.1 chil
dren and three nuns and injur
ing 100.
A thought for tlie day The
Ench-h writer Samuel Johnson
sad "Gratitude is a fruit of
gicat cultivation."
will alienate the south even
more than he has already."
this man says.
Johnson as vice president
supported the Kennedy bill,
and has taken other civil rights
positions disapproved by south
erners. Yet in the south. Uie
southern source added. John
son as a Texan thought o.'
also as more conservative
than his predecessor might
still have some edge over Ken
nedy as a nominee.
Even at best, it is widely
agreed. Johnson would not be
tlie man to beat that Kennedy
was says one politician:
'There just wasn't anybody
tougher than Kennedy."
This was an acknowledgment
of the late President's admit
ted "star quality" which made
many voters lavor him on the
basis of personality alone.
Johnson's plain-spoken drawl
ing, "old shoe," style is not
figured to have such impact.
On this basis and his expect
ed less effective northern ap
peal, politicians generally are
upgrading Republican presiden
tial chances for 19H.
But it is felt that, barring
too sweeping a Johnson com
mitment on public accommoda
tions in civil rights, the Gold
water candidacy is not advan
taged. Supporters of the sena
tor here and in the South cun
cede this.
Recent sampling amnng
southern Republican leaders
showed they had little taste for
another try by the I960 GOP
nominee, Richard M. Nixon,
now a New Yorker.
But even he is being upgrad
ed in some minds. Still, one
southern man registered this
reservation:
To the extent there is in 1964
a strong "Kennedy" sympathy
vote for Democrats. Nixon
might only sharpen it. "Ev
ery time the voters look at
him, they may think of Ken
nedy." Alternatives to Nixon as a
moderate choice are no clear
er than before, though a feel
ing exists that the changed pic
EDSON IN WASHINGTON
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON ( NEA l-'Tve
always been a booster for Lyn
don Johnson," Ihe new Presi
dent of the United States said
some months after he became
vice president. "But I admire
the way the young senator 1
put on Ihe Foreign Relations
Committee a few years ago is
running the White House.
"I want to see the job of
president run the way I'd do
it, and President Kennedy has
done that."
This revealing little story is
recalled now as an indication
of two things: The Kennedy
foreign policies will probably
be continued without interrup
tion. And the new President
has plenty of self-confidence to
carry on the job.
Critics overlook a number of
important points in maintain
ing that while Lyndon Johnson
has p I e n t y of savvy about
American politics, he may lack
international political experi
ence. Johnson was given many im
portant foreign policy assign
ments as second man in the
Kennedy administration.
They have not been just good
will missions like his attend
ance of Senegal's lust anni
versary of independence. Nor
have they been ceremonials
like his presence at the inaucu
ration of Dominican Republic's
ex-Prcidcnt Juan Bosch.
President Johnson has not had
extensive experience in Latin
America. But he was President
Kennedy's consultant with
President Truman during the
Cuba crisis. And Johnson has
had close association with
Mexico's presidents in years
past.
In Europe during his first
year in the vice presidency.
Lyndon Johnson was sent to a
nuclear test ban conference in
Geneva At a NATO meeting in
Supreme headquarters near
Paris. Johnson spoke for the
United States in support of "a
true Atlantic community with
common institutions."
Five months later Johnson
went back to Europe as spokes
man for a 1.500-man reinforce
ment for Berlin. Mayor Willy
Brandt declared that Johnson's
visit "erased any doubts
among the people over United
Slates support (or the city,"
Johnson conferred with Chan
cellor Konrad Adenauer and
his ministers in Bonn during
this mission. When he came to
America shortly thercalter (or
nts fust official visit with Pres
ident Kennedy, Adenauer went
to Austin for a speech and
spent two da on tlie L B J.
ranch.
In May of ISfil. Johnson went
on a round-the-world mission
ture may embolden northern
big-state GOP leaders who do
not want Goldwater.
In St. Louis, almost at the
time of Ihe tragedy in Dallas.
Michigan's Gov. George Rom
ney look issue with Goldwater's
outlook on civil rights, "right
to work" laws and other mat
ters. Almost nobody thinks New
York Gov. Nelson Rockefeller,
avowed candidate tagged as
the most liberal and handi
capped by divorce and remar
riage, is better off now. One
Washington man was an excep
tion: "Nothing is out of the
window right now."
This same source disagrees
with tlie majority which figures
GOP prospects automatically
bettered by the turn of events.
Says he: "I don't know if the
Republican nomination has be
come more valuable. With al!
the factors accruing to a new
incumbent, 1 think that's de
batable." Even Kennedy was given a
chance by many observers to
bile into the South next year
and take perhaps Georgia, Tex
as. North Carolina and Louisi
ana. With Johnson as nominee, it
is considered possible that
South Carolina, Tennessee and
maybe one or two other south
ern states might also go Demo
cratic. This would leave v-c r y
little for Goldwater beyond Flo
rida and Virginia, which have
gone Republican in presidential
tests ever since 1952.
Totally unanswered at this
stage is what 1968 may bring.
Here Attorney General Robert
F. Kennedy, the late Presi
dent's politically sharp broth
er, must be considered. Nothing
is known today of his inten
tions, nor have his prospects
been soberly appraised.
But strong feeling exists
among politicians that he may
soon go down the road toward
high elective office. It is ac
cepted he Could be a powerful
attraction as the young inheri
tor of all that John F. Kenne
dv stood for.
Johnson No Novice
About Foreign Aid
for President Kennedy, to buck
up South Asia, and to get first
hand knowledge of tlie Philip
pines, Formosa, Hong Kong.
In Saigon he signed a new
a i d and training agreement
with Vietnam. In Thailand he
gave assurances against threat
ened Communist attacks from
the north. In India he spoilt
two days with Nehru, review
ing foreign aid programs.
Johnson returned from Pak
istan recommending more aid
for that country and he ad
vanced by four months Presi
dent A y u b Khan's visit lo
America as an ally worth cul
tivating. This year Johnson has visited
the Scandinavian countries and
delivered important trade pol
icy statements to European
Common Market ministers in
Amsterdam and Brussels.
The important point is not that
President Johnson already
knows and has visited many of
the world's leading statesmen
excluding only the Russians
hut that he has been in on
Ihe planning of manv current
American foreign policies.
He has been a member of
both the National Security
Council of seven cabinet mem
bers and the NSC Executive
Committee of 12 active, work
ing technicians on the White
House. State. Delense and Cen
tral Intelligence Agency slafls.
In this position the man who
his now assumed the presi
dency has developed close f '
lalinns with Secretaries Rusk
and McNamara. CIA Director
,I"hn McConc and WHtc House
Aide McGcorge Bundy. He has
found them all to be brilliant
menl, "able to use their heads
for something more than hat
racks." Changes in staff are of course
inevitable in time. Some of the
more controversial aides
around the White House will
prohahlv be leaving soon, to no
one's r-may hut theirs.
But President Johnson docs
not have to build up a brand
new administration, starting
from scratch, lo carry on his
foreign policies. It is a continu
ing operation.
This is perhaps the be-t as
surance there is for allied for
eign olfices. where there has
been seme concern that tliere
mi slit be a complete change in
I S policies.
OUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
Q What type of paper is used
In the nuking of cigarettes?
A A linen flax paper.
Q Is the onion high in vita
mins? A-No.