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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (Nov. 5, 1963)
PACE- HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Oregon Tuesday, November 5, 1963 ,U J, Washington, Peking Take Look At The Map White Man's Burden Observers looking closely at such big northern cities as Chicago, Detroit and Phil adelphia have now established beyond question the fact of the "white revolt" against the heavy Negro pressures exerted in 1963. "Too far, too fast" is the phrase which tersely sums up the way many whites in these cities view the Negroes' efforts and the response by white leaders from Presi dent Kennedy down to the local level. , " Mutterings are heard constantly in bars, restaurants and other public places. Poll takers knocking at the doors in white neighborhoods to check political and other sentiment find the conversation almost in evitably drifting to racial matters. Survey samples, as always, are small. But if the scientific techniques used mean anything at all, they measure a big hostile response among white Americans. . What is not clear at this point is how deep and lingering the revolt may be. Some while and Negro leaders in these communities believe it in the nature of a ,rshock response" and will tend to wear off unless 1964 sees Negro drives and dem onstrations comparable in number and in tensity to those witnessed this year. Others, particularly white political leaders, see it another way. They think the causes of the rebellion may endure, and per haps even grow stronger. This is based on the now widely estab lished fact that much of the anti-Negro stir is greatest among those lower income whites who most fear competition for jobs and housing which rising Negro demands may heighten. The expectation is that these demands will not slacken, though they may be pressed in different ways from year to year. Today there are some 20 million Ne groes in this country, roughly one in every 10 persons. By 1975 the total U.S. popula tion may be 230 to 240 million. If the ratio holds, we then will have 24 to 25 million Negroes. Thus one cannot easily imagine that their pressures will lessen in any important way in the years ahead. They will be seek ing millions of jobs, homes, opportunities for schooling. It is not altogether plain what the north ern "whites in revolt" would have their lead ers do about this rising, insistent tide. The rebellion could conceivably pena lize politically many of those leaders judged to have given too much ground to the Ne groes. If any substantial number of such lead ers should be swept from office, then those in revolt could address their protests to new cars. The big question thereafter would be what new policies could be devised which would please the millions of fretful whites and still cope with the hard fact of mounting Negro millions. To manage that might prove the best trick of the century. Government By Experts It is not only the great and still enlarg ing size of government that worries many people, but its increasingly technical na ture. At the federal level, more and more scientists, engineers and other technical people are filtci-ng into government posts. To a lesser degree, the states are feel ing the same change. The days of huge spoil systems, in which mere untrained political favorites are rewarded with jobs when command of the government shifts from one party to the oth dry are fast vanishing. 5"- Pennsylvania, perhaps the last great stronghold of such a system, is yielding to the pressures of an altered way of life. Mas sive job turnover is now much too costly and inefficient to be tolerated. A big civil service expansion has been approved. There are clear advantages in the change. Government by the export would certainly seem to be belter than government by the inexpert. Vet there is another side. The essence of free government is people's power to change leaders when they want. Presumably trcy do this when they seek not just new men but new policies. The growth of government as a com plex technical monolith makes it harder and harder, however, for incoming "policy-makers" to give their policies real effect. The established bureaucracy, whatever Its size, always has served to dilute, divert and delay the efforts of the policy-makers. Its impact on them today is far, far greater. The elected and appointed officials at the top of the government structure are, when they take over, heavily dependent upon the experience and expertise ol the trained specialists in the administrative corps. The more special the work, the more dependent are the leaders. One of the silliest arguments ever heard in presidential or governorship cam paigns is that some particular candidate should not be elected because he should not be given "on-the-job training" at the peo ple's expense. There is really nothing, aside from ac tually holding the office a while, that truly prepares a man for these high posts. On-the-job training is not only a necessity, but the only thing possible. Indeed, in two, four or eight years he may just be really mastering the work when his service is up. The shorter his learning pe riod in office, the less likely it is that he will be able to make any solid dent in the great iceberg of government. So, while government appears in impor tant ways to be getting more and more expert, we may be increasingly at the ex perts' mercy. Not only can they be wrong, like the rest of us, but from their entrenched posts they may be almost immovable. Solutions for this puzzle do not come readily to hand. Moon Try Two-Nation Job In the weeks since President Kennedy suggested a joint U.S.-Russian expedition to the moon, enough experts have taken pot shots at this U'ial balloon to cause it to spin rapidly back to the hard earth. Desirable as the proposal may be idealisttcally, practically it is unworkable for a number of reasons: America's Apollo program, and prob ably its Russian equivalent as well, are too far advanced to make any merging of techniques feasible. Military potentialities of the giant booster rockets being developed make co operation impossible from a security standpoint. There is simply not enough mutual trust or desire for such a project. This doesn't mean, however, that the President's suggestion was entirely Utopian. Missiles and Rockets magazine sug gests that there is one very Important area where Soviet-American co-operation Is not only possiblo but desirable and practical. This is the establishment of a perma nent moon base, the next step beyond Project Apollo (or Apolloski). - The magazine points out that the cost of building and maintaining a lunar base will require funds that will make Apollo look like peanuts $100 billion or more for a moon base compared to $20$30 bil lion for Apollo. Such a Russo-Amcrican effort could begin immediately, without requiring cost ly technical revisions in cither country's moon rocket programs and without getting involved in problems of national security. Possible areas of co-operation in clude: Selecting the most desirable site for a base. Deciding on scientific studies to be undertaken. Agreeing on common communica tions frequencies. Sharing information from unmanned moon probes. Dividing the engineering and logisti cal tasks. The most immediate advantage frnpi such a joint program would be to reduce the financing to a more acceptable level for both countries. It would also enhance each nation's moon-trip projects, turning what many consider a wasteful prestige race Into a genuine scientific competition with a worthwhile goal at the end. Americans and Russians have been co operating for years In Antarctica an area that Is only slightly more hospitable than the moon sharing personnel and facilities and scientific findings. Surely by 1970 we shall have matured enough on both sides of the world to be able to do the same thing on the moon. By COL. RAY CROMLEY Newspaper Enterprise Military Analyst WASHINGTON (NEAi-With some embarrassment, the Unit, cd States now finds itself in volved in tricky accidental teamwork with lied China's Mao Tse-tung in actions against Nikita Khrushchev and the So viet Union. U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk and Red China's Foreign Minister Chou En-lai are using the same arguments, and in some cases using even the same documents to prove: 1. That the Soviet Union is an imperialistic ruler of conquered colonies. 2. That Russians mistreat minorities. The State Department has reproduced maps, taken from a 1933 Soviet textbook published in Moscow which describe as Russian "conquests" and "seiz ures" a goodly part of the land Red China now claims Russia "conquered" and "seized" from her. American diplomats are us ing these maps to show that the Soviet Union acknowledges it is now ruling conquered lands, peopled by Asians. Both Rusk and Chou have Uie same first objectives: to win the Africans and Asians away from Soviet influences. To some extent this drive has already been successful in small measure. Russians have been pushed aside in some Afro Asian meetings on the grounds that they are not Asians as they claim, and because in addition, they qualify as rulers of Asian colonies by holding lands claimed by China. The State Department men have managed to circulate with some success reports of Rus sian discrimination against Af ricans, gypsies and Asian peo ples in Uie Soviet territories. But there is already some concern in the Department of State and in the Pentagon over these early successes of U.S. and Red Chinese actions. The American diplomats acted to halt the spread of Rus sian communism and to build up support for U.S. stands in the United Nations: restraint toward Portugal in her African colonies and toward the Union of South Africa, for example. Some diplomats are worried that these U.S. steps may drive "N, V T" - , V PETROPAVLOVSK V. r r-r-Nv--r, OKHOTSK aj I. JtjT I ' - Sea of Okhotsk' rf MANCHURIA ' l EMI Conquests, H25-1900. jf JADI VQSTOK Q3 Territory'seired by Russia by ff . . CZ,nn f means of a ' lease" under I 4ft Sea of Japan C'KiO' treaty with China in 1895. I ttttm - . . t - Egg Areas of Russian concessions J rrfTY' f-i? ' in Manchuria at the turn of the MUKDENO jP... ; , Pacific 20th century. I VVO-L.KOREA JAPAN. Ocean J Territory ceded to Japan In wve r 1875inexchongeforthosouth. PORV f ""l ' Si I am part of Sakhalin. ARTHUR,.. . vSsEOULl 7 Area of forestry concessions on Cvisr f I th.Y.IRr,.r. Yellow- f f Chinese Eastern Railway. w Sea' J vt i Russian state border, 1900. j"--. ' I Newsmap 1 RUSSIA'S ADVANCES ON CHINA; Soviet encroachments of Chinese territory are de picted in this map, redrawn from that appearing in "Russian History From the Earliest Times," by M. N. Pokrovsky, Moscow, 1933, Vol. 4. EDSON IN WASHINGTON GOP Seeks 13 Big States By PETER EDSON Washington Correspondent Newspaper Enterprise Assn. WASHINGTON (NEA) Nine months before the Republican national convention opens in San Francisco, the battle of the presidential candidates is on to capture the 13 largest states. Taken together, these states have 6(12 of the 1,308 convention votes seven more than the 635 needed to win the nomination. five of the favorite son can didates who are expected to have support from their delega tions, on the first ballot at least, comes from these big states. They arc Gov. William W. Scranton of Pennsylvania 164 convention votes). Gov. James A. Rhodes of Ohio (58), Gov. George Romncy of Michigan i48. Son. Clifford Case of New Jersey (40), and Rep. John W. Byrnes of Wisconsin (30). When these stales start to switch, that's the time to watch which way the bandwagon will go. Gov. Nelson Rockefeller of New York iM voles) has the advantage in his own state. No organization for Sen. Bar ry Goldwatcr of Arizona has yet been announced for the most populous state. But Elmer Weil of Buffalo, a former Erie County attorney, recently put out a statement that he would head a Goldwater movement in western New York, which has been considered not too friendly to Rockefeller. California (86 votes) presents a special problem. It has the last primary, June 2, just three weeks before the convention opens in San Francisco. And in the convention, California is the first big state to vote. Republican efforts to present either Sen. Thomas H. Kuchel or Rep. Glenard P. Lipscomb as California favorite son can didates now seem to have been abandoned. Both Rockefeller and Goldwa ter arc campaigning extensive ly in California, though neither seems to want a knock-down drag-out fight there because of the expense. Goldwatcr seems to have stol- "f Ky tbimg, ttr tint 1 put tbst ttiektr tm, Ui bttm fmlUng t tb Uft.- en a march in the stale by naming former Sen. William F. Knowland as chairman of his advisory committee of 70 or 80 local California leaders. Pennsylvania will be for Scranton as long as he wants to hold. He has said he would accept a genuine draft, though he docs not want to be consid ered an active candidate. If by any chance Rockefeller should lose out in key prima ry states like New Hampshire. West Virginia. Wisconsin or Oregon or if he should with draw fur any reason, w h i c h isn't expected much of his sup port might go to Scranton. Goldwater's organizing efforts in Pennsylvania have so f a r been limited, and his Hershey, Pa., speech fell flat. Illinois and Ohio (58 votes each i present contrasting situ ations. Illinois has no favorite son as yet. and the fact that Rockefeller is his only opposi tion helps Goldwater in that state. Charles II. Percy, campaign ing for the GOP gubernatorial nomination in Illinois, had been expected to support Rockefeller, but he is now reported ready lo shift. Little Rockefeller support has been reported in Ohio, but the Buckeye state is leery of Gold water because of his support for right to work laws. Republican espousal of that cause resulted in defeat of the whole GOP ticket in 1958. Romney still insists he is not a candidate. That will be decid ed wlien Michigan convention delegates meet in caucus to se lect the man they will back. One curious situation develop, ing in Michigan is that for mcr GOP Nalional Commiitec Chairman Arthur Summerficld may attempt a political come back as a Goldwater supporter. Romney and Summerficld are not the closest of political pals. Texas 156 votes), Florida 33, .Indiana i32 and Virginia (30 are now considered Goldwater country. New Jersey 40, Massachusetts (34) and other smaller eastern states have leaned to Rockefeller, but might be shifling. Wiwonan 30 expects agree ment from both Rockefeller and Goldwatcr not to go into the s'ale, lo Rive Rep. John Byrnes a good run as favorite son. some of these African and Asian nations straight into Uie hands of the Red Chinese. State Department hands figure this would be worse even than having them under Rus sian influence. There's no doubt that Com munist Chinese missions' are moving into the troubled spots, trying to take advantage of ev ery Russian weakness in win ning over key people in Latin America, Asia and Africa. U.S. strategists think that the Chinese also may have another aim. Contrary to much that has been written, these U.S. govern ment analysts are not con vinced that Mao's men are real ly trying to get back the o 1 d lands they claim were once a part of the Chinese empire. They're not impressed by the furor the Chinese Communists are kicking up over the contin ued "Soviet occupation." These experts are not certain what the Chinese are up to. but they think that the Reds have more in mind than using their claims as a wedge to win Afri cans and Asians. What do Mao's men want? Best guess there is that they are aiming at a form of inter national blackmail. Says one U.S. government specialist: "I think they'll tell the Russians they'll blacken their name in Communist circles as exploiters and colonialists unless the Rus sians agree to pay some sort of royalty on the key minerals now being mined in lands they claim were formerly China's. I don't think they have any idea of getting any of this land back. But they can certainly make the Russians look bad among their fellow Communists. "The Russians had been hop ing to keep anyone from talking about these lands until they had moved in enough colonists to drown out the native people. Then it would liave been a 1 1 over. But the Chinese have caught them before the coloni zation was complete. They can show that in wide areas, large numbers of native Asians are under white Russian rulers." These questioned areas held by the Russians have deposits of copper, lead and zinc, urani um ores, petroleum, coal and gold. Some of these deposits are believed to be extensive. In re cent years, Russian engineeers have moved over wide areas, and extensive mining operations are under way. In areas where development had been carried on for a long time, production apparently is being expanded. No one here is estimating whether the Red Chinese will be successful in their attempts to shake down the Soviet Un ionif that is their aim. But these officials expect a lot more fireworks. STRICTLY PERSONAL. By SYDNEY J. HARRIS In Uie wake of . the Valachi testimony before Uie Senate in vestigating committee, it was only to be expected Uiat law enforcement officials would ask for more stringent measures and better tools to fight organ ized crime. But none of these new tools which include permitting wire-tapping would be effec tive, except against the isolat ed criminal who is not protect ed by influential "connections." And he is not the main prob lem in our modern urban soci ety. There are only two ways to get rid of organized crime, and nciUicr will be acted upon by communities. The first is to eliminate all contributions to political parties; Uie second is to double police salaries and remove the police department from political influence. The community itself should provide a budget for political campaigns, so that candidates and parties are not dependent upon large conuibutions from dubious sources. This would be infinitely cheaper in the long run than permitting racketeers to buy immunity through vast political donations under the tabic. The second, and complemen tary, way of reducing organized crime is to drop the thousands of useless and parasitic politi cal workers from the cities' payrolls, and to use these addi tional funds to recruit a higher type of police candidate who is paid a wage commensurate with the dignity, the importance and the danger of the job. If political influence were re moved from the police forces, and if racketeer influence were removed from the financial needs of political parties during campaign years, organized crime would soon go out of business. It is axiomatic in knowledge able circles that organized gam bling, prostitution, and similar illegal operations could not ex ist for 24 hours in a town in which the police were incorrup tible and free from political in fluence. Nations like Great Brit ain, for example, have no "syn dicate" problem because the police, the courts and the polit ical parties are not sleeping to geUicr, as they so often are here. There are three kinds of crime: emotional, private, and organized. The first two are part of the human condition, and we will always have tJiem, in greater or lesser degree. The third kind is a cancer that is peculiar to the modern urban structure, and can be cut out of the body politic. But not as long as the body politic refuses to depoliticizc its administration of law enforcement and justice. Letters To The Editor Helpful Just before leaving town I picked up your Wednesday paper and was impressed with the thorough and accurate man ner in which your reporter, Dick Briggs, wrote up the tech nological employment meeting. The writing is clear, simple, easy to read, and gives a con cise picture of the problems raised by automation as well as giving an accurate account of local testimony. While I recognize that auto mation presents a national as well as a state problem, I feel tlie problems presented arc so important that the combined ef forts at national, state and community levels will be neces sary to avoid real hardship. Ar ticles such as tiie one in your paper will lielp us in alerting local communities lo the impact of automation on future job and employment trends. Sen. Alfred H. Corbett Portland. Ore. 'Mind If I Read Over Your Shoulder?'
