PACE-
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Oregon Tuesday, November 5, 1963
,U J, Washington, Peking Take Look At The Map
White Man's Burden
Observers looking closely at such big
northern cities as Chicago, Detroit and Phil
adelphia have now established beyond
question the fact of the "white revolt"
against the heavy Negro pressures exerted
in 1963.
"Too far, too fast" is the phrase which
tersely sums up the way many whites in
these cities view the Negroes' efforts and
the response by white leaders from Presi
dent Kennedy down to the local level.
, " Mutterings are heard constantly in
bars, restaurants and other public places.
Poll takers knocking at the doors in white
neighborhoods to check political and other
sentiment find the conversation almost in
evitably drifting to racial matters.
Survey samples, as always, are small.
But if the scientific techniques used mean
anything at all, they measure a big hostile
response among white Americans.
. What is not clear at this point is how
deep and lingering the revolt may be.
Some while and Negro leaders in these
communities believe it in the nature of a
,rshock response" and will tend to wear off
unless 1964 sees Negro drives and dem
onstrations comparable in number and in
tensity to those witnessed this year.
Others, particularly white political
leaders, see it another way. They think the
causes of the rebellion may endure, and per
haps even grow stronger.
This is based on the now widely estab
lished fact that much of the anti-Negro
stir is greatest among those lower income
whites who most fear competition for jobs
and housing which rising Negro demands
may heighten.
The expectation is that these demands
will not slacken, though they may be
pressed in different ways from year to year.
Today there are some 20 million Ne
groes in this country, roughly one in every
10 persons. By 1975 the total U.S. popula
tion may be 230 to 240 million. If the ratio
holds, we then will have 24 to 25 million
Negroes.
Thus one cannot easily imagine that
their pressures will lessen in any important
way in the years ahead. They will be seek
ing millions of jobs, homes, opportunities
for schooling.
It is not altogether plain what the north
ern "whites in revolt" would have their lead
ers do about this rising, insistent tide.
The rebellion could conceivably pena
lize politically many of those leaders judged
to have given too much ground to the Ne
groes. If any substantial number of such lead
ers should be swept from office, then those
in revolt could address their protests to new
cars.
The big question thereafter would be
what new policies could be devised which
would please the millions of fretful whites
and still cope with the hard fact of mounting
Negro millions.
To manage that might prove the best
trick of the century.
Government By Experts
It is not only the great and still enlarg
ing size of government that worries many
people, but its increasingly technical na
ture. At the federal level, more and more
scientists, engineers and other technical
people are filtci-ng into government posts.
To a lesser degree, the states are feel
ing the same change.
The days of huge spoil systems, in
which mere untrained political favorites are
rewarded with jobs when command of the
government shifts from one party to the oth
dry are fast vanishing.
5"- Pennsylvania, perhaps the last great
stronghold of such a system, is yielding to
the pressures of an altered way of life. Mas
sive job turnover is now much too costly and
inefficient to be tolerated. A big civil service
expansion has been approved.
There are clear advantages in the
change. Government by the export would
certainly seem to be belter than government
by the inexpert.
Vet there is another side. The essence
of free government is people's power to
change leaders when they want. Presumably
trcy do this when they seek not just new
men but new policies.
The growth of government as a com
plex technical monolith makes it harder and
harder, however, for incoming "policy-makers"
to give their policies real effect.
The established bureaucracy, whatever
Its size, always has served to dilute, divert
and delay the efforts of the policy-makers.
Its impact on them today is far, far greater.
The elected and appointed officials at
the top of the government structure are,
when they take over, heavily dependent
upon the experience and expertise ol the
trained specialists in the administrative
corps. The more special the work, the more
dependent are the leaders.
One of the silliest arguments ever
heard in presidential or governorship cam
paigns is that some particular candidate
should not be elected because he should not
be given "on-the-job training" at the peo
ple's expense.
There is really nothing, aside from ac
tually holding the office a while, that truly
prepares a man for these high posts. On-the-job
training is not only a necessity, but the
only thing possible.
Indeed, in two, four or eight years he may
just be really mastering the work when his
service is up. The shorter his learning pe
riod in office, the less likely it is that he will
be able to make any solid dent in the great
iceberg of government.
So, while government appears in
impor tant ways to be getting more and more
expert, we may be increasingly at the ex
perts' mercy. Not only can they be wrong,
like the rest of us, but from their entrenched
posts they may be almost immovable.
Solutions for this puzzle do not come
readily to hand.
Moon Try Two-Nation Job
In the weeks since President Kennedy
suggested a joint U.S.-Russian expedition to
the moon, enough experts have taken pot
shots at this U'ial balloon to cause it to spin
rapidly back to the hard earth.
Desirable as the proposal may be
idealisttcally, practically it is unworkable
for a number of reasons:
America's Apollo program, and prob
ably its Russian equivalent as well,
are too far advanced to make any merging
of techniques feasible.
Military potentialities of the giant
booster rockets being developed make co
operation impossible from a security
standpoint.
There is simply not enough mutual
trust or desire for such a project.
This doesn't mean, however, that the
President's suggestion was entirely Utopian.
Missiles and Rockets magazine sug
gests that there is one very Important area
where Soviet-American co-operation Is not
only possiblo but desirable and practical.
This is the establishment of a perma
nent moon base, the next step beyond
Project Apollo (or Apolloski).
- The magazine points out that the cost
of building and maintaining a lunar base
will require funds that will make Apollo
look like peanuts $100 billion or more
for a moon base compared to $20$30 bil
lion for Apollo.
Such a Russo-Amcrican effort could
begin immediately, without requiring cost
ly technical revisions in cither country's
moon rocket programs and without getting
involved in problems of national security.
Possible areas of co-operation in
clude: Selecting the most desirable site
for a base.
Deciding on scientific studies to be
undertaken.
Agreeing on common communica
tions frequencies.
Sharing information from unmanned
moon probes.
Dividing the engineering and logisti
cal tasks.
The most immediate advantage frnpi
such a joint program would be to reduce the
financing to a more acceptable level for
both countries. It would also enhance each
nation's moon-trip projects, turning what
many consider a wasteful prestige race Into
a genuine scientific competition with a
worthwhile goal at the end.
Americans and Russians have been co
operating for years In Antarctica an area
that Is only slightly more hospitable than the
moon sharing personnel and facilities and
scientific findings.
Surely by 1970 we shall have matured
enough on both sides of the world to be able
to do the same thing on the moon.
By COL. RAY CROMLEY
Newspaper Enterprise
Military Analyst
WASHINGTON (NEAi-With
some embarrassment, the Unit,
cd States now finds itself in
volved in tricky accidental
teamwork with lied China's
Mao Tse-tung in actions against
Nikita Khrushchev and the So
viet Union.
U.S. Secretary of State Dean
Rusk and Red China's Foreign
Minister Chou En-lai are using
the same arguments, and in
some cases using even the
same documents to prove:
1. That the Soviet Union is an
imperialistic ruler of conquered
colonies.
2. That Russians mistreat
minorities.
The State Department has
reproduced maps, taken from a
1933 Soviet textbook published
in Moscow which describe as
Russian "conquests" and "seiz
ures" a goodly part of the land
Red China now claims Russia
"conquered" and "seized" from
her.
American diplomats are us
ing these maps to show that
the Soviet Union acknowledges
it is now ruling conquered
lands, peopled by Asians.
Both Rusk and Chou have Uie
same first objectives: to win
the Africans and Asians away
from Soviet influences.
To some extent this drive has
already been successful in
small measure. Russians have
been pushed aside in some Afro
Asian meetings on the grounds
that they are not Asians as they
claim, and because in addition,
they qualify as rulers of Asian
colonies by holding lands
claimed by China.
The State Department men
have managed to circulate with
some success reports of Rus
sian discrimination against Af
ricans, gypsies and Asian peo
ples in Uie Soviet territories.
But there is already some
concern in the Department of
State and in the Pentagon over
these early successes of U.S.
and Red Chinese actions.
The American diplomats acted
to halt the spread of Rus
sian communism and to build
up support for U.S. stands in
the United Nations: restraint
toward Portugal in her African
colonies and toward the Union
of South Africa, for example.
Some diplomats are worried
that these U.S. steps may drive
"N, V T" - , V PETROPAVLOVSK
V. r r-r-Nv--r, OKHOTSK aj I.
JtjT I ' - Sea of Okhotsk'
rf MANCHURIA ' l
EMI Conquests, H25-1900. jf JADI VQSTOK
Q3 Territory'seired by Russia by ff . . CZ,nn f
means of a ' lease" under I 4ft Sea of Japan C'KiO'
treaty with China in 1895. I ttttm - . . t -
Egg Areas of Russian concessions J rrfTY' f-i? '
in Manchuria at the turn of the MUKDENO jP... ; , Pacific
20th century. I VVO-L.KOREA JAPAN. Ocean
J Territory ceded to Japan In wve r
1875inexchongeforthosouth. PORV f ""l ' Si I
am part of Sakhalin. ARTHUR,.. . vSsEOULl 7
Area of forestry concessions on Cvisr f I
th.Y.IRr,.r. Yellow- f f
Chinese Eastern Railway. w Sea' J vt i
Russian state border, 1900. j"--.
' I Newsmap 1
RUSSIA'S ADVANCES ON CHINA; Soviet encroachments of Chinese territory are de
picted in this map, redrawn from that appearing in "Russian History From the Earliest
Times," by M. N. Pokrovsky, Moscow, 1933, Vol. 4.
EDSON IN WASHINGTON
GOP Seeks 13 Big States
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA) Nine
months before the Republican
national convention opens in
San Francisco, the battle of the
presidential candidates is on to
capture the 13 largest states.
Taken together, these states
have 6(12 of the 1,308 convention
votes seven more than the 635
needed to win the nomination.
five of the favorite son can
didates who are expected to
have support from their delega
tions, on the first ballot at least,
comes from these big states.
They arc Gov. William
W. Scranton of Pennsylvania 164
convention votes). Gov. James
A. Rhodes of Ohio (58), Gov.
George Romncy of Michigan
i48. Son. Clifford Case of New
Jersey (40), and Rep. John W.
Byrnes of Wisconsin (30).
When these stales start to
switch, that's the time to watch
which way the bandwagon will
go.
Gov. Nelson Rockefeller of
New York iM voles) has the
advantage in his own state.
No organization for Sen. Bar
ry Goldwatcr of Arizona has
yet been announced for the
most populous state. But Elmer
Weil of Buffalo, a former Erie
County attorney, recently put
out a statement that he would
head a Goldwater movement in
western New York, which has
been considered not too friendly
to Rockefeller.
California (86 votes) presents
a special problem. It has the
last primary, June 2, just three
weeks before the convention
opens in San Francisco. And in
the convention, California is the
first big state to vote.
Republican efforts to present
either Sen. Thomas H. Kuchel
or Rep. Glenard P. Lipscomb
as California favorite son can
didates now seem to have been
abandoned.
Both Rockefeller and Goldwa
ter arc campaigning extensive
ly in California, though neither
seems to want a knock-down
drag-out fight there because of
the expense.
Goldwatcr seems to have stol-
"f Ky tbimg, ttr tint 1 put tbst ttiektr tm, Ui
bttm fmlUng t tb Uft.-
en a march in the stale by
naming former Sen. William
F. Knowland as chairman of
his advisory committee of 70 or
80 local California leaders.
Pennsylvania will be for
Scranton as long as he wants
to hold. He has said he would
accept a genuine draft, though
he docs not want to be consid
ered an active candidate.
If by any chance Rockefeller
should lose out in key prima
ry states like New Hampshire.
West Virginia. Wisconsin or
Oregon or if he should with
draw fur any reason, w h i c h
isn't expected much of his sup
port might go to Scranton.
Goldwater's organizing efforts
in Pennsylvania have so f a r
been limited, and his Hershey,
Pa., speech fell flat.
Illinois and Ohio (58 votes
each i present contrasting situ
ations. Illinois has no favorite
son as yet. and the fact that
Rockefeller is his only opposi
tion helps Goldwater in that
state.
Charles II. Percy, campaign
ing for the GOP gubernatorial
nomination in Illinois, had been
expected to support Rockefeller,
but he is now reported ready
lo shift.
Little Rockefeller support has
been reported in Ohio, but the
Buckeye state is leery of Gold
water because of his support for
right to work laws. Republican
espousal of that cause resulted
in defeat of the whole GOP
ticket in 1958.
Romney still insists he is not
a candidate. That will be decid
ed wlien Michigan convention
delegates meet in caucus to se
lect the man they will back.
One curious situation develop,
ing in Michigan is that for
mcr GOP Nalional Commiitec
Chairman Arthur Summerficld
may attempt a political come
back as a Goldwater supporter.
Romney and Summerficld are
not the closest of political pals.
Texas 156 votes), Florida 33,
.Indiana i32 and Virginia (30
are now considered Goldwater
country. New Jersey 40,
Massachusetts (34) and other
smaller eastern states have
leaned to Rockefeller, but might
be shifling.
Wiwonan 30 expects agree
ment from both Rockefeller and
Goldwatcr not to go into the
s'ale, lo Rive Rep. John
Byrnes a good run as favorite
son.
some of these African and
Asian nations straight into Uie
hands of the Red Chinese.
State Department hands figure
this would be worse even
than having them under Rus
sian influence.
There's no doubt that Com
munist Chinese missions' are
moving into the troubled spots,
trying to take advantage of ev
ery Russian weakness in win
ning over key people in Latin
America, Asia and Africa.
U.S. strategists think that the
Chinese also may have another
aim. Contrary to much that has
been written, these U.S. govern
ment analysts are not con
vinced that Mao's men are real
ly trying to get back the o 1 d
lands they claim were once a
part of the Chinese empire.
They're not impressed by the
furor the Chinese Communists
are kicking up over the contin
ued "Soviet occupation."
These experts are not certain
what the Chinese are up to. but
they think that the Reds have
more in mind than using their
claims as a wedge to win Afri
cans and Asians.
What do Mao's men want?
Best guess there is that they
are aiming at a form of inter
national blackmail. Says one
U.S. government specialist: "I
think they'll tell the Russians
they'll blacken their name in
Communist circles as exploiters
and colonialists unless the Rus
sians agree to pay some sort
of royalty on the key minerals
now being mined in lands they
claim were formerly China's. I
don't think they have any idea
of getting any of this land back.
But they can certainly make the
Russians look bad among their
fellow Communists.
"The Russians had been hop
ing to keep anyone from talking
about these lands until they had
moved in enough colonists to
drown out the native people.
Then it would liave been a 1 1
over. But the Chinese have
caught them before the coloni
zation was complete. They can
show that in wide areas, large
numbers of native Asians are
under white Russian rulers."
These questioned areas held
by the Russians have deposits
of copper, lead and zinc, urani
um ores, petroleum, coal and
gold. Some of these deposits are
believed to be extensive. In re
cent years, Russian engineeers
have moved over wide areas,
and extensive mining operations
are under way. In areas where
development had been carried
on for a long time, production
apparently is being expanded.
No one here is estimating
whether the Red Chinese will
be successful in their attempts
to shake down the Soviet Un
ionif that is their aim. But
these officials expect a lot more
fireworks.
STRICTLY
PERSONAL.
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
In Uie wake of . the Valachi
testimony before Uie Senate in
vestigating committee, it was
only to be expected Uiat law
enforcement officials would ask
for more stringent measures
and better tools to fight organ
ized crime.
But none of these new tools
which include permitting
wire-tapping would be effec
tive, except against the isolat
ed criminal who is not protect
ed by influential "connections."
And he is not the main prob
lem in our modern urban soci
ety. There are only two ways to
get rid of organized crime, and
nciUicr will be acted upon by
communities. The first is to
eliminate all contributions to
political parties; Uie second is
to double police salaries and
remove the police department
from political influence.
The community itself should
provide a budget for political
campaigns, so that candidates
and parties are not dependent
upon large conuibutions from
dubious sources. This would be
infinitely cheaper in the long
run than permitting racketeers
to buy immunity through vast
political donations under the
tabic.
The second, and complemen
tary, way of reducing organized
crime is to drop the thousands
of useless and parasitic politi
cal workers from the cities'
payrolls, and to use these addi
tional funds to recruit a higher
type of police candidate who is
paid a wage commensurate
with the dignity, the importance
and the danger of the job.
If political influence were re
moved from the police forces,
and if racketeer influence were
removed from the financial
needs of political parties during
campaign years, organized
crime would soon go out of
business.
It is axiomatic in knowledge
able circles that organized gam
bling, prostitution, and similar
illegal operations could not ex
ist for 24 hours in a town in
which the police were incorrup
tible and free from political in
fluence. Nations like Great Brit
ain, for example, have no "syn
dicate" problem because the
police, the courts and the polit
ical parties are not sleeping to
geUicr, as they so often are
here.
There are three kinds of
crime: emotional, private, and
organized. The first two are
part of the human condition,
and we will always have tJiem,
in greater or lesser degree. The
third kind is a cancer that is
peculiar to the modern urban
structure, and can be cut out
of the body politic. But not as
long as the body politic refuses
to depoliticizc its administration
of law enforcement and justice.
Letters To The Editor
Helpful
Just before leaving town I
picked up your Wednesday
paper and was impressed with
the thorough and accurate man
ner in which your reporter,
Dick Briggs, wrote up the tech
nological employment meeting.
The writing is clear, simple,
easy to read, and gives a con
cise picture of the problems
raised by automation as well
as giving an accurate account
of local testimony.
While I recognize that auto
mation presents a national as
well as a state problem, I feel
tlie problems presented arc so
important that the combined ef
forts at national, state and
community levels will be neces
sary to avoid real hardship. Ar
ticles such as tiie one in your
paper will lielp us in alerting
local communities lo the impact
of automation on future job
and employment trends.
Sen. Alfred H. Corbett
Portland. Ore.
'Mind If I Read Over Your Shoulder?'