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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (Aug. 1, 1963)
EPSON IN WASHINGTON . . . 'First Step' Key Words In Ban Treaty PACK -A HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Oregon Thursday, August 1, 1963 'There! Rail Decisions Loom ' Regardless of new developments in the rail labor crisis, the long-term problems of featherbedding remain. They are: : How to compensate railway labor for jobs lost through technological improvements introduced by management. How to settle disputes arising from this issue. What additional legislation is neces sary. Though the National Mediation Board was created by the Railway Labor Act of 1934 tij settle disputes between rail management and labor, it has been of questionable value for 20 years. In 1941 President Franklin D. Roosevelt ap pointed an emergency board to mediate a rail way labor dispute. But the President went be yond the board's recommendations to give the Brotherhoods bigger benefits. : From then on railway labor took its griev ances direct to the White House, over the heads of fact-finding panels, to get better set tlements, and the Railway Labor Act was cir cumvented. j For some weeks, Labor Secretary W. Wil lard Wirtz has been saying that if this coun try could get by without a rail strike this year, no new labor legislation would be passed by Congress. ; Even so, there is no assurance that simi lar labor disputes affecting the national in terest will not rise again. The long-range ques tion of how they shall be handled therefore re mains. : The most frequently suggestod remedy has been that there should be some provision for government seizure and operation of in dustries threatened by strikes which affect the whole economy. ' Under one recent proposal, the Presi dent would be authorized to direct the attor ney general to petition any U.S. district court to appoint a special receiver to take possession of and operate any plant, mine or other facility subject to a labor dispute, to protect national health and safely. HEADLINE BACKGROUND U.S. Gains, . By RAY CHOMLEV 'Newspaper Enterprise Assn. WASHINGTON (NEA) - Some, ta'ry of State Dean Rusk has put a 'group of men to work on the Sino-Soviet quarrel. , His aim: to find ways of ex ploit that conflict to U.S. advan tage. The State Department experts were caught unprepared. For 10 years they had been expecting a blowup some day. "But we didn't expect It to develop so fast," says ono lop diplomat privately. Rusk's experts don't expect to know for some time exactly what tiie Mao-Khrushchev argument will do to U.S. aims and U.S. al lies world-wide. But as of today they see op portunities In Eastern Europe and Latin America. They see dangers in Laos and South Vict Nam, where the Mac-KhniRhrhny differ ences could mean a sharp worsen ing of our position. Here is the breakdown on what the Sino-Soviet rift may mean to U.S. interests, as outlined by some of Rusk's first-string aides. T Eastern Europe There is evidence the Eastern European countries, inspired by the conflict and Albania's ability to defy the Soviet Union, are be coming a little more independent in their attitudes. Take Romaniu, whose polilU'inns have not been noted for willing ness to buck the Russians. In the past few months there have been signs tho Romanians are not going to stoop every time Khrushchev sneezes. In the Russian enforced divi sion of labor, tlio Romanians had been told not to industrialize but to specialize In agriculture, fer tilizer and petroleum production. In March, t h e Romanians an nounced they would not be bound by that dictate. They would indus trialize as they pleased. Further more they weren't going to havo their trade controlled by tho Red bloc; they would buy and sell from thj West w hen they could get bet ter deals. Tho Romanians refused to send their premier or Red party chief to Khrushcliev's recent confer ence with East European chief tains hi East Berlin. In Czechoslovakia Iherc have tin nw signs of continued re fusal to imuckle down by some This provision was largely kissed off when it was introduced. President Truman had suggested it before. The House passed it, but the Senate killed it, and it is still viewed with much skepticism there. Under a 1916 law authorizing such ac tion in war times, the federal government has seized the railroads four times in the past 20 years to prevent work stoppages in 1943, 1946, 1948 and 1950. Railroad management contends that gov ernment seizure settles nothing and coerces acceptance of labor's demands. The alterna tive, as outlined by President Daniel I. Loomis of the American Association of Railroads, is to make recommendations of presidential emer gency boards final and binding on both labor and management. In the past, railway labor consistently has opposed compulsory arbitration. But in a new contract just signed by the Brotherhood of Railway Clerks with Pan American Airways, impartial adjudication of disputes is provided. This may set a precedent. In the current four-year-old dispute over railroad work rules, acceptance of technologi cal changes by the on-train Brotherhoods, and elimination of jobs considered unnecessary by management, the issue not only is job security but also union survival. Acceptance df the recommendations made by the Presidential special commission under Judge Rifkind In 196a and an emerg ency board under Judge Rosenman earlier this year probably would mean eventual liqui dation of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen. Second men would not be taken off pas senger trains, but three-men crews on freight locomotives would be cut. Displaced firemen would be offered substantial dismissal pay. or preferential rehiring, or liberal retrain ing benefits in new skills. Displaced operating railroad men with more than 10 years service would retain job ' rights until they reach retirement age. , Loses In Red Split non-Czech peoples. There are equally interesting reports from other Eastern European coun tries. The experts don't see major revolts In the cards. They do think of this growing independence only as a way to get more aid from the Russians. This could cost tho Soviet Union heavily in aid as it has in Cuba. Latin America The Russians and Red Chinese are fighting for control of t h e Communist parlies throughout the continent. This infighting slows down concerted action. II it turns out that some of the parlies end up controlled by the Russians, some by the Chinese, cooperation among Communist parties in Latin America will be come more dtff'...ult. State Department men expect more violence in those Latin lands where the pro-Red Chinese tako over the Communist parties. But greater Red violence may play into U.S. hands because handling Antl ttop tefttriti BERRY'S WORLD Large violence and securing coopera tion against the Reds in open fights is easier than controlling subtle Red subversion. There are no signs so far that the Mao - Khrushchev fight will help the U.S. in regard to Cuba. India Russia is likely to do more to help the Indians resist the Red Chinese. Count on more Russian arms aid. Southeast Asia This is the rough spot. The Mao Khrushchev quarrel has already lessened Russian influence in North Vict Nam and Laos and increased Red Chinese influ ence. This could step up the war In , South Viet Nam and cause great er Red gambles in Laos and Viet Nam. Atomic Build-up The worse the Russo-Chinese quarrel develops, the less likely the Russians are to give the Red Chinese aid in developing and building nuclear weapons. to mt ii nattieV Work men By CHARLES A. SPRAGL'E (In the Oregon-Statesman, Salem) Here is a letter received from "A Little Employer": "In a future column, we would appreciate in layman's language an explanation of the workmen's compensation law in respect to private insurance carriers. , "In a recent column (enclosed), you stated first that the present law permits an employer who re jects the coverage to engage pri vate insurance. "Then, it states, that under the new bill, defeated by the legisla tors, would have opened the way (or private insurers to carry the risks. "Why was the new bill neces sary, in this respect, if an em ployer can now engage private in surance?" I am not surprised that there is some confusion over work men's accident compensation and how it is provided. The subject provoked intense controversy in the last two sessions of the Legis lature; and .the recent replace ment of two of the three commis sioners administering the law has probably added to confusion in the public mind. I'll try to explain. By SYDNEY J. HARRIS Autobiography is the easiest lit erary form in which to write, and the hardest in which to write w ell. Some of the most skilled and profound authors have written the worst autobiographies. It interested me, therefore, to receive a note this week announc ing the publication next winter of Loren Eiseley's autobiogra phy, "Acquainted With the Night." I have long been an admirer of his writing, his thinking, and his special blend of science and hu manities. If you are looking for summer reading that is both substantial and charming (in the deeper sense of the word', let me recommend any of Dr. Eiseloy's books, and especially "The Immense Jour ney." and "Tho Firmament of Time." We live in a literary age of specialists on the one hand, and popularizers on the oilier. The specialists write in a dehuman ized jargon, and tend to think in rigid categories. The popularizers. on the oilier hand, tend to be too vivid in their writing and too sloppy in their thinking. Few men in our time are able to bridge the gap between precise knowledge and graceful expres sion. C. P. Snow has made us awaio of the chasm between what he calls the "two cultures" tin world of science and the world of the huumanitics. Whether his ultimate analysis is right or wrong, the fact remains that there is little communication be tween these two worlds: the sci entist too often knows little about history and philosophy, and the humanist is either ignorant of. or actively hostile toward, scientilic truths. As an anthropologist and a pro fessor o( tl)c history of science. Dr. Eiseley is admirably equipped to span this chasm. He ofiers us a world-view (what the Germans so untranslatably call a Weltan schauung) that is- humane and Ik-xible, neither blindlv commit s Lomo is "in layman's language," what the present compensation law pro vides and the role of private in surance carriers in this field. ' Until 1913 workmen who were injured while on the job could claim damages from the em ployer under the common law rule that the workman must prove that the employer was negligent. The defense of the employer often was that the worker was respon sible for his injury through his "contributory negligence." Unless the employer made a voluntary settlement, the only recourse the worker had was to file a lawsuit. This was an unsatisfactory and costly way of obtaining a settle ment. As industry became more and more mechanized and hazards of work increased, laws were en acted for a new method of com pensating workers for injuries re ceived in their employment. Ore gon was one of the first stales to adopt such a law, back in 1913. Under this law, all employers of workers in hazardous occupa tions (with exceptions, such as farmers) are subject to the act, and their employes arc covered ,by accident insurance, unless the employer rejects the Act. An in jured employe so covered is en titled to receive compensation STRICTLY PERSONAL ted to tradition nor wildly infatu ated with present and future achievements. This double strain of "the visi ble and the invisible" parts of man runs through all his books; not only the two I have men tioned, but also "Darwin's Cen tury." "Francis Bacon and the Modern Dilemma," and "T h e Mind of Nature." There are pas sages or beliefs we might quar rel with; but there are none that do not stimulate us to further thought, that do not open doors and windows we have too long locked. Whether or not his autobiogra phy lullills the promise of his earlier work and I slrongly suspect that it will contemporary America is heavily in his debt already; and the best way we can repay it i by preferring him over the specialists ami the populariz ers alike. Al manac Hy lolled I'rru International Today is Thursday, Aug. 1. the aiaih day of lima with l2 to lollow. The moon is approaching its full phase. The morning stars are Jupiter and Saturn. The evening stars are Mars and Saturn. Those born today include Amer ican author Herman Melville, in 18111. On this day in history: In IWO, the first V S. Census was taken. Tlio population was 3.'.I2!I,2I4. Ill l!K7. the U.S. Air Force was born, with the aeronautical divi sion being set up in the U.S. Army office. In 1!M3. five Negroes were killed and 500 injured in a race riot in the Harlem district of New York City. Police jailed 500 others. In 1946. tlie I S. Atomic Energy Commission was established. Confu sing for his injury according to the scale of payments authorized in the law. If he is dissatisfied with the award given him by the In dustrial Accident Commission, he may take his case to court, suing, not the employer, but the State Commission. Funds for paying claims and meeting costs of ad ministration come from assess ments on employer payrolls, and a minimum charge on employes. If an employer has rejected the Act, he and his workers remain under the old Employers' Lia bility law. This means the injured worker must cither accept the set tlement offered by the employer, or sue him for damage, or just drop the case. There is no es tablished scale of compensation for injuries received. Such an em ployer may take private insur ance, similar to other liability insurance. But neither he nor his workers nor the insurance carrier is under the workmen's compen sation act. with its assurance of compensation according to an es tablished scale, without the neces sity of a lawsuit. The result is that many work ers in Oregon do not have the protection assured under the work men's compensation act. Senate Bill 370. the hotly disput ed bill at the last session, would have brought virtually all workers under the guarantees of the com pensation law. The bill would al low employers to operate under state accident insurance, or un der what was called "direct re sponsibility." Those in the latter group would have to prove they had "sufficient financial ability" to pay claims, and the bill said this could be done with money, securities or surety bond, "in no event less than $100,000." This meant, as a practical matter, that most all such employers would take out private insurance with companies qualified to do business in Oregon. Big corporations which have re jected the present state coverage, like Georgia-Pacific Corporation and Weyerhaeuser, supported this bill because it would relieve them from the risks of the Employers' Liability Law, and assure their employes of protection. The pri vate insurance companies fought hard for this legislation because they' were sure, if their risks were governed by the compensation scale of the state, they could get a large share of the business in Oregon on a profitable basis. Support tor the bill showed mixed motives one was full cov erage of Oregon workers; the oth er was prolit through writing workmen's accident insurance. Against proposals that all work ers be brought under the pres ent sate protection were the arguments that this would be so cialistic, and that private car riers would do a better job in accident prevention and servicing of claims. Tlie proposed system is called "three-way." because it would al low the employer to choose slate coverage, or self coverage. Califor nia has such a system. Washing ton s system is one way, compul sory lor all allected employers. Tiie issues involved are very important, vital to the worker, and important to the employer. They are not settled. Workers, in cluding farm workers, should be under the accident compensation system. Oregon will have to de cide, if it can. whether to go "one-way'' or "three-way." As lor the "little" or "inter mediate" employer he hasn't been heard trom: and his interest ap (ears to have been forgotten in tlio battle of the "bigek-s." By PETER EDSON Washington Correspondent Newspaper Enterprise Assn. WASHINGTON (N'E.V The two most important words to remem ber in connection with the new American-British-Russian nuclear test ban agreement are that this is admittedly just a "first step" toward reduction of international tension and strengthening of peace. American officials emphasize that it would be wrong to think that initialing of this limited agreement indicates any new di rection in Soviet foreign policy or the goals of international com munism. While the treaty preamble pro claims that its principal aim is "achievement of an agreement on general and complete disarma ment under strict international controls." that objective may not be realized for a long time. The treaty does not provide for inspection to verify blasts that might be of nuclear origin. Up to now, the United States has in sisted it must have such inspec tions. Russia has opposed inspections as spying. The reason given for what appears to be United States sur render on this point is that no on-site inspection is needed to detect tests in the atmosphere, in outer space or under water, which are covered by the agree ment. The United States, the United Kingdom and Soviet Russia can check on each other's clandestine testing by atmospheric measure ment of radiation and fallout. Launching satellites into outer space is of course expensive, but it can be done if considered neces sary to check on far-out nuclear testing. Seismographic, hydro - acoustic or even water sampling tests lor radioactivity can effectively po lice underwater nuclear explo sions. Underground testing was not included in the nuclear test ban agreement to get around the pres ent inability to detect it. A ban on underground testing is there fore deferred for later negotiation as an amendment to the treaty, after detection methods have been perfected by the scientists. Further steps for making the new agreement effective may not By FULTON LEWIS JR. Presidential Assistant Mc George Bundy has offered his best wishes to a miniscule group of intellectuals who are seeking to change U.S. policy toward Red China. The Bundy-approved outfit hears the name Committee for a Re view of Our China Policy. It num bers some 100 members led by former Congressman Charles O. Porter, an Oregon Democrat who lost his scat in 10. Co-chairman of the committee Is Ernest T. Nash, a self-styled "China hand" who claims to be cheered by Bundy's indorsement. Tlie White House aide wrote: "As you point but in your let ter, there are a great many fac tors to be considered in dealing with tlie problem of contacts with the Peiping regime, not the least of which has been their stead fast refusal to permit any visi tors to the mainland who are not of their own choosing." Bundy went on to term "most desirable" discussions of changes in U.S. policy. Nash, in a tele phone interview with my assist ant. Bill Schulz. expressed the belief that trade with Red China is not enough. Uncle Sam must begin sending fce'gn aid. on a massive scale, to Mao and Company, he insist ed, and added. "Economic help will make the Chinese pacific in ideology just as the Soviets have become." The Red Chinese today lack cap ital and technology. Were the United States to embark upon a "Marshall Plan" for the Red re gime, "we could achieve the eco nomic independence of China." ac cording to Nash. Nash pooh-poohs reports that all is not well behind the Bamboo Curtain. "The Chinese people are better off today than ever belore." he told Mr. Schulz. "Some of the regimentation may be a little hard on a lew peo ple," he conceded, "but we can not obscure the fact that the Peo ple's Republic has made great strides, that the vast majority of Chinese people are satisfied with an infinitely better way of Me." Only weeks before public opin ion polls showed him slipping bad ly in his race (or the Republican Presidential nomination. Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller spoke highly of Barry Goldwater. A man of in be completed much before the end of this year. After the initial ing will come the formal signing in Moscow. The treaty will then go before the United States Senate for hear ings in which military and civilian leaders who fear that the United States is surrendering its security will have their say. After ratification by the Rus sian government, the British par liament and a two-thirds majority of the Senate, a proclamation signed by the three heads of gov ernment would put the agree ment into full force. Other nations will then be giv en a chance to deposit their rati fications in Washington, London) and Moscow. This provision will separate the good guys from the bad. If France. Red China, the United Arab Republic, Israel or any otli cr country that has been reported toying with the development of its own nuclear force doesn't sign up, it will be identified as a bad hat. Signatory countries can then take such measures as they see lit to reform or isolate the non signers. Avoidance of nucle ar weapons production by more nations is one of the principal purposes of the test ban treaty. The treaty may be amended on motion of one-third of the coun tries signing it, on approval by two-thirds of the signers. But the United States, Britain and Rus sia are given veto power over amendments. Any country can withdraw from the agreement on three months' notice if it considers its supreme interests have been jeopardized. Testing of weapons by a bad guv country might be considered such an excuse. These are major loopholes in the agreement. The 18-nation conference on gen eral disarmament was sched uled to resume in Geneva, Swit zerland, July 30. Ambassador Charles Stclle is the top U.S. ne gotiator. There is scant hope that this conference will immediately be gin making progress on gradual arms reduction under full inspec tion. But it is hoped other limited agreements might be reached, preparing the way for general disarmament, one step at a time, many years ahead. It's slow business. WASHINGTON REPORT . Rocky Shifts Stand On Barry Goldwater tegrity, a great Republican, he called him. Now all this has changed. Goldwater is suddenly the tool of right-wing extremists and the Ari zona Senator is deeply shocked and hurt by Rockefeller's at tacks. But Goldwater is not the first Republican to. see Rocky blow hot and cold. Hours after Richard Nixon had risked his life in the streets of Caracas, Venezuela, in the spring of 1958, Rockefeller cabled his party's leader: "Your courage and determina tion have inspired democratic - forces throughout tlie hemis phere. We all feel a great sense of pride in your action. Congratula tions. Nelson." Six months later, despite Nix on's night-and-day campaigning, the Republican Parly suflered ma jor electoral losses from coast to coast. One of the few GOP bright spots was New York, where Rockefeller rolled to a first-term victory. A television commentator in No vember, 1938, summed up the election results: "The big winner in this election is Nelson Rockefel ler. Tlie big loser Richard Nix on." Rockefeller left immediately for a vacation at his Venezuelan ranch. Landing at the same Mai quetta Airport where hundreds spat upon Nixon six months ear lier. Rocky met the press. Asked about Nixon. Rockefeller quickly assured newsmen. "No tengo nada que ver con Nixon," which means. "I have nothing to do w ith Nixon." QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Q Who comprised the famed Lafayette Escadrille? A Volunteer U.S. pilots flying French airplanes. Tliey account ed for 57 enemy aircraft from 1916 to 1918. r Who gave the Dry Tortugaj their name? A Ponce dc Leon discovered these keys and called them the Tortugas 'Spanish for turtle be cause of the many turtles in nearby waters. O-Who l culled father of the National Road? A Henry Clay.
