EPSON IN WASHINGTON . . .
'First Step' Key
Words In Ban Treaty
PACK -A
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Oregon
Thursday, August 1, 1963
'There!
Rail Decisions Loom
' Regardless of new developments in the
rail labor crisis, the long-term problems of
featherbedding remain. They are:
: How to compensate railway labor for
jobs lost through technological improvements
introduced by management.
How to settle disputes arising from
this issue.
What additional legislation is neces
sary. Though the National Mediation Board
was created by the Railway Labor Act of 1934
tij settle disputes between rail management
and labor, it has been of questionable value for
20 years.
In 1941 President Franklin D. Roosevelt ap
pointed an emergency board to mediate a rail
way labor dispute. But the President went be
yond the board's recommendations to give
the Brotherhoods bigger benefits.
: From then on railway labor took its griev
ances direct to the White House, over the
heads of fact-finding panels, to get better set
tlements, and the Railway Labor Act was cir
cumvented. j For some weeks, Labor Secretary W. Wil
lard Wirtz has been saying that if this coun
try could get by without a rail strike this year,
no new labor legislation would be passed by
Congress.
; Even so, there is no assurance that simi
lar labor disputes affecting the national in
terest will not rise again. The long-range ques
tion of how they shall be handled therefore re
mains. : The most frequently suggestod remedy
has been that there should be some provision
for government seizure and operation of in
dustries threatened by strikes which affect
the whole economy.
' Under one recent proposal, the Presi
dent would be authorized to direct the attor
ney general to petition any U.S. district court
to appoint a special receiver to take possession
of and operate any plant, mine or other facility
subject to a labor dispute, to protect national
health and safely.
HEADLINE BACKGROUND
U.S. Gains,
. By RAY CHOMLEV
'Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEA) - Some,
ta'ry of State Dean Rusk has put
a 'group of men to work on the
Sino-Soviet quarrel. ,
His aim: to find ways of ex
ploit that conflict to U.S. advan
tage. The State Department experts
were caught unprepared. For 10
years they had been expecting a
blowup some day. "But we didn't
expect It to develop so fast,"
says ono lop diplomat privately.
Rusk's experts don't expect to
know for some time exactly what
tiie Mao-Khrushchev argument
will do to U.S. aims and U.S. al
lies world-wide.
But as of today they see op
portunities In Eastern Europe and
Latin America. They see dangers
in Laos and South Vict Nam,
where the Mac-KhniRhrhny differ
ences could mean a sharp worsen
ing of our position.
Here is the breakdown on what
the Sino-Soviet rift may mean to
U.S. interests, as outlined by
some of Rusk's first-string aides.
T Eastern Europe
There is evidence the Eastern
European countries, inspired by
the conflict and Albania's ability
to defy the Soviet Union, are be
coming a little more independent
in their attitudes.
Take Romaniu, whose polilU'inns
have not been noted for willing
ness to buck the Russians. In
the past few months there have
been signs tho Romanians are
not going to stoop every time
Khrushchev sneezes.
In the Russian enforced divi
sion of labor, tlio Romanians had
been told not to industrialize but
to specialize In agriculture, fer
tilizer and petroleum production.
In March, t h e Romanians an
nounced they would not be bound
by that dictate. They would indus
trialize as they pleased. Further
more they weren't going to havo
their trade controlled by tho Red
bloc; they would buy and sell from
thj West w hen they could get bet
ter deals.
Tho Romanians refused to send
their premier or Red party chief
to Khrushcliev's recent confer
ence with East European chief
tains hi East Berlin.
In Czechoslovakia Iherc have
tin nw signs of continued re
fusal to imuckle down by some
This provision was largely kissed off
when it was introduced. President Truman
had suggested it before. The House passed it,
but the Senate killed it, and it is still viewed
with much skepticism there.
Under a 1916 law authorizing such ac
tion in war times, the federal government has
seized the railroads four times in the past 20
years to prevent work stoppages in 1943,
1946, 1948 and 1950.
Railroad management contends that gov
ernment seizure settles nothing and coerces
acceptance of labor's demands. The alterna
tive, as outlined by President Daniel I. Loomis
of the American Association of Railroads, is to
make recommendations of presidential emer
gency boards final and binding on both labor
and management.
In the past, railway labor consistently has
opposed compulsory arbitration. But in a new
contract just signed by the Brotherhood of
Railway Clerks with Pan American Airways,
impartial adjudication of disputes is provided.
This may set a precedent.
In the current four-year-old dispute over
railroad work rules, acceptance of technologi
cal changes by the on-train Brotherhoods, and
elimination of jobs considered unnecessary by
management, the issue not only is job security
but also union survival.
Acceptance df the recommendations
made by the Presidential special commission
under Judge Rifkind In 196a and an emerg
ency board under Judge Rosenman earlier
this year probably would mean eventual liqui
dation of the Brotherhood of Locomotive
Firemen.
Second men would not be taken off pas
senger trains, but three-men crews on freight
locomotives would be cut. Displaced firemen
would be offered substantial dismissal pay.
or preferential rehiring, or liberal retrain
ing benefits in new skills.
Displaced operating railroad men with
more than 10 years service would retain job '
rights until they reach retirement age. ,
Loses In Red Split
non-Czech peoples. There are
equally interesting reports from
other Eastern European coun
tries. The experts don't see major
revolts In the cards. They do think
of this growing independence only
as a way to get more aid from
the Russians. This could cost tho
Soviet Union heavily in aid as
it has in Cuba.
Latin America
The Russians and Red Chinese
are fighting for control of t h e
Communist parlies throughout
the continent. This infighting
slows down concerted action. II
it turns out that some of the
parlies end up controlled by the
Russians, some by the Chinese,
cooperation among Communist
parties in Latin America will be
come more dtff'...ult.
State Department men expect
more violence in those Latin lands
where the pro-Red Chinese tako
over the Communist parties. But
greater Red violence may play
into U.S. hands because handling
Antl ttop tefttriti
BERRY'S WORLD
Large
violence and securing coopera
tion against the Reds in open
fights is easier than controlling
subtle Red subversion.
There are no signs so far that
the Mao - Khrushchev fight will
help the U.S. in regard to Cuba.
India
Russia is likely to do more to
help the Indians resist the Red
Chinese. Count on more Russian
arms aid.
Southeast Asia
This is the rough spot. The Mao
Khrushchev quarrel has already
lessened Russian influence in
North Vict Nam and Laos and
increased Red Chinese influ
ence. This could step up the war In
, South Viet Nam and cause great
er Red gambles in Laos and Viet
Nam.
Atomic Build-up
The worse the Russo-Chinese
quarrel develops, the less likely
the Russians are to give the Red
Chinese aid in developing and
building nuclear weapons.
to mt ii nattieV
Work
men
By CHARLES A. SPRAGL'E
(In the Oregon-Statesman, Salem)
Here is a letter received from
"A Little Employer":
"In a future column, we would
appreciate in layman's language
an explanation of the workmen's
compensation law in respect to
private insurance carriers.
, "In a recent column (enclosed),
you stated first that the present
law permits an employer who re
jects the coverage to engage pri
vate insurance.
"Then, it states, that under the
new bill, defeated by the legisla
tors, would have opened the way
(or private insurers to carry the
risks.
"Why was the new bill neces
sary, in this respect, if an em
ployer can now engage private in
surance?" I am not surprised that there
is some confusion over work
men's accident compensation and
how it is provided. The subject
provoked intense controversy in
the last two sessions of the Legis
lature; and .the recent replace
ment of two of the three commis
sioners administering the law has
probably added to confusion in the
public mind. I'll try to explain.
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
Autobiography is the easiest lit
erary form in which to write, and
the hardest in which to write
w ell. Some of the most skilled and
profound authors have written the
worst autobiographies.
It interested me, therefore, to
receive a note this week announc
ing the publication next winter
of Loren Eiseley's autobiogra
phy, "Acquainted With the Night."
I have long been an admirer of
his writing, his thinking, and his
special blend of science and hu
manities. If you are looking for summer
reading that is both substantial
and charming (in the deeper sense
of the word', let me recommend
any of Dr. Eiseloy's books, and
especially "The Immense Jour
ney." and "Tho Firmament of
Time."
We live in a literary age of
specialists on the one hand, and
popularizers on the oilier. The
specialists write in a dehuman
ized jargon, and tend to think in
rigid categories. The popularizers.
on the oilier hand, tend to be
too vivid in their writing and
too sloppy in their thinking. Few
men in our time are able to
bridge the gap between precise
knowledge and graceful expres
sion. C. P. Snow has made us awaio
of the chasm between what he
calls the "two cultures" tin
world of science and the world
of the huumanitics. Whether his
ultimate analysis is right or
wrong, the fact remains that
there is little communication be
tween these two worlds: the sci
entist too often knows little about
history and philosophy, and the
humanist is either ignorant of. or
actively hostile toward, scientilic
truths.
As an anthropologist and a pro
fessor o( tl)c history of science.
Dr. Eiseley is admirably equipped
to span this chasm. He ofiers us
a world-view (what the Germans
so untranslatably call a Weltan
schauung) that is- humane and
Ik-xible, neither blindlv commit
s Lomo is
"in layman's language," what the
present compensation law pro
vides and the role of private in
surance carriers in this field. '
Until 1913 workmen who were
injured while on the job could
claim damages from the em
ployer under the common law rule
that the workman must prove
that the employer was negligent.
The defense of the employer often
was that the worker was respon
sible for his injury through his
"contributory negligence." Unless
the employer made a voluntary
settlement, the only recourse the
worker had was to file a lawsuit.
This was an unsatisfactory and
costly way of obtaining a settle
ment. As industry became more
and more mechanized and hazards
of work increased, laws were en
acted for a new method of com
pensating workers for injuries re
ceived in their employment. Ore
gon was one of the first stales
to adopt such a law, back in 1913.
Under this law, all employers
of workers in hazardous occupa
tions (with exceptions, such as
farmers) are subject to the act,
and their employes arc covered
,by accident insurance, unless the
employer rejects the Act. An in
jured employe so covered is en
titled to receive compensation
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
ted to tradition nor wildly infatu
ated with present and future
achievements.
This double strain of "the visi
ble and the invisible" parts of
man runs through all his books;
not only the two I have men
tioned, but also "Darwin's Cen
tury." "Francis Bacon and the
Modern Dilemma," and "T h e
Mind of Nature." There are pas
sages or beliefs we might quar
rel with; but there are none that
do not stimulate us to further
thought, that do not open doors
and windows we have too long
locked.
Whether or not his autobiogra
phy lullills the promise of his
earlier work and I slrongly
suspect that it will contemporary
America is heavily in his debt
already; and the best way we can
repay it i by preferring him over
the specialists ami the populariz
ers alike.
Al
manac
Hy lolled I'rru International
Today is Thursday, Aug. 1. the
aiaih day of lima with l2 to
lollow.
The moon is approaching its
full phase.
The morning stars are Jupiter
and Saturn.
The evening stars are Mars and
Saturn.
Those born today include Amer
ican author Herman Melville, in
18111.
On this day in history:
In IWO, the first V S. Census
was taken. Tlio population was
3.'.I2!I,2I4.
Ill l!K7. the U.S. Air Force was
born, with the aeronautical divi
sion being set up in the U.S.
Army office.
In 1!M3. five Negroes were killed
and 500 injured in a race riot in
the Harlem district of New York
City. Police jailed 500 others.
In 1946. tlie I S. Atomic Energy
Commission was established.
Confu
sing
for his injury according to the
scale of payments authorized in
the law. If he is dissatisfied with
the award given him by the In
dustrial Accident Commission, he
may take his case to court, suing,
not the employer, but the State
Commission. Funds for paying
claims and meeting costs of ad
ministration come from assess
ments on employer payrolls, and
a minimum charge on employes.
If an employer has rejected the
Act, he and his workers remain
under the old Employers' Lia
bility law. This means the injured
worker must cither accept the set
tlement offered by the employer,
or sue him for damage, or just
drop the case. There is no es
tablished scale of compensation
for injuries received. Such an em
ployer may take private insur
ance, similar to other liability
insurance. But neither he nor his
workers nor the insurance carrier
is under the workmen's compen
sation act. with its assurance of
compensation according to an es
tablished scale, without the neces
sity of a lawsuit.
The result is that many work
ers in Oregon do not have the
protection assured under the work
men's compensation act.
Senate Bill 370. the hotly disput
ed bill at the last session, would
have brought virtually all workers
under the guarantees of the com
pensation law. The bill would al
low employers to operate under
state accident insurance, or un
der what was called "direct re
sponsibility." Those in the latter
group would have to prove they
had "sufficient financial ability"
to pay claims, and the bill said
this could be done with money,
securities or surety bond, "in no
event less than $100,000." This
meant, as a practical matter, that
most all such employers would
take out private insurance with
companies qualified to do business
in Oregon.
Big corporations which have re
jected the present state coverage,
like Georgia-Pacific Corporation
and Weyerhaeuser, supported this
bill because it would relieve them
from the risks of the Employers'
Liability Law, and assure their
employes of protection. The pri
vate insurance companies fought
hard for this legislation because
they' were sure, if their risks were
governed by the compensation
scale of the state, they could get
a large share of the business in
Oregon on a profitable basis.
Support tor the bill showed
mixed motives one was full cov
erage of Oregon workers; the oth
er was prolit through writing
workmen's accident insurance.
Against proposals that all work
ers be brought under the pres
ent sate protection were the
arguments that this would be so
cialistic, and that private car
riers would do a better job in
accident prevention and servicing
of claims.
Tlie proposed system is called
"three-way." because it would al
low the employer to choose slate
coverage, or self coverage. Califor
nia has such a system. Washing
ton s system is one way, compul
sory lor all allected employers.
Tiie issues involved are very
important, vital to the worker,
and important to the employer.
They are not settled. Workers, in
cluding farm workers, should be
under the accident compensation
system. Oregon will have to de
cide, if it can. whether to go
"one-way'' or "three-way."
As lor the "little" or "inter
mediate" employer he hasn't been
heard trom: and his interest ap
(ears to have been forgotten in
tlio battle of the "bigek-s."
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (N'E.V The two
most important words to remem
ber in connection with the new
American-British-Russian nuclear
test ban agreement are that this
is admittedly just a "first step"
toward reduction of international
tension and strengthening of
peace.
American officials emphasize
that it would be wrong to think
that initialing of this limited
agreement indicates any new di
rection in Soviet foreign policy
or the goals of international com
munism. While the treaty preamble pro
claims that its principal aim is
"achievement of an agreement
on general and complete disarma
ment under strict international
controls." that objective may not
be realized for a long time.
The treaty does not provide for
inspection to verify blasts that
might be of nuclear origin. Up
to now, the United States has in
sisted it must have such inspec
tions. Russia has opposed inspections
as spying.
The reason given for what
appears to be United States sur
render on this point is that no
on-site inspection is needed to
detect tests in the atmosphere,
in outer space or under water,
which are covered by the agree
ment. The United States, the United
Kingdom and Soviet Russia can
check on each other's clandestine
testing by atmospheric measure
ment of radiation and fallout.
Launching satellites into outer
space is of course expensive, but
it can be done if considered neces
sary to check on far-out nuclear
testing.
Seismographic, hydro - acoustic
or even water sampling tests lor
radioactivity can effectively po
lice underwater nuclear explo
sions. Underground testing was not
included in the nuclear test ban
agreement to get around the pres
ent inability to detect it. A ban
on underground testing is there
fore deferred for later negotiation
as an amendment to the treaty,
after detection methods have been
perfected by the scientists.
Further steps for making the
new agreement effective may not
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Presidential Assistant Mc
George Bundy has offered his best
wishes to a miniscule group of
intellectuals who are seeking to
change U.S. policy toward Red
China.
The Bundy-approved outfit hears
the name Committee for a Re
view of Our China Policy. It num
bers some 100 members led by
former Congressman Charles O.
Porter, an Oregon Democrat who
lost his scat in 10.
Co-chairman of the committee
Is Ernest T. Nash, a self-styled
"China hand" who claims to be
cheered by Bundy's indorsement.
Tlie White House aide wrote:
"As you point but in your let
ter, there are a great many fac
tors to be considered in dealing
with tlie problem of contacts with
the Peiping regime, not the least
of which has been their stead
fast refusal to permit any visi
tors to the mainland who are not
of their own choosing."
Bundy went on to term "most
desirable" discussions of changes
in U.S. policy. Nash, in a tele
phone interview with my assist
ant. Bill Schulz. expressed the
belief that trade with Red China
is not enough.
Uncle Sam must begin sending
fce'gn aid. on a massive scale,
to Mao and Company, he insist
ed, and added. "Economic help
will make the Chinese pacific in
ideology just as the Soviets have
become."
The Red Chinese today lack cap
ital and technology. Were the
United States to embark upon a
"Marshall Plan" for the Red re
gime, "we could achieve the eco
nomic independence of China." ac
cording to Nash.
Nash pooh-poohs reports that all
is not well behind the Bamboo
Curtain. "The Chinese people are
better off today than ever belore."
he told Mr. Schulz.
"Some of the regimentation may
be a little hard on a lew peo
ple," he conceded, "but we can
not obscure the fact that the Peo
ple's Republic has made great
strides, that the vast majority
of Chinese people are satisfied
with an infinitely better way of
Me."
Only weeks before public opin
ion polls showed him slipping bad
ly in his race (or the Republican
Presidential nomination. Nelson
Aldrich Rockefeller spoke highly
of Barry Goldwater. A man of in
be completed much before the
end of this year. After the initial
ing will come the formal signing
in Moscow.
The treaty will then go before
the United States Senate for hear
ings in which military and civilian
leaders who fear that the United
States is surrendering its security
will have their say.
After ratification by the Rus
sian government, the British par
liament and a two-thirds majority
of the Senate, a proclamation
signed by the three heads of gov
ernment would put the agree
ment into full force.
Other nations will then be giv
en a chance to deposit their rati
fications in Washington, London)
and Moscow.
This provision will separate the
good guys from the bad. If
France. Red China, the United
Arab Republic, Israel or any otli
cr country that has been reported
toying with the development of its
own nuclear force doesn't sign
up, it will be identified as a bad
hat.
Signatory countries can then
take such measures as they see
lit to reform or isolate the non
signers. Avoidance of nucle
ar weapons production by more
nations is one of the principal
purposes of the test ban treaty.
The treaty may be amended on
motion of one-third of the coun
tries signing it, on approval by
two-thirds of the signers. But the
United States, Britain and Rus
sia are given veto power over
amendments.
Any country can withdraw from
the agreement on three months'
notice if it considers its supreme
interests have been jeopardized.
Testing of weapons by a bad
guv country might be considered
such an excuse. These are major
loopholes in the agreement.
The 18-nation conference on gen
eral disarmament was sched
uled to resume in Geneva, Swit
zerland, July 30. Ambassador
Charles Stclle is the top U.S. ne
gotiator. There is scant hope that this
conference will immediately be
gin making progress on gradual
arms reduction under full inspec
tion. But it is hoped other limited
agreements might be reached,
preparing the way for general
disarmament, one step at a time,
many years ahead. It's slow business.
WASHINGTON REPORT .
Rocky Shifts Stand
On Barry Goldwater
tegrity, a great Republican, he
called him.
Now all this has changed.
Goldwater is suddenly the tool of
right-wing extremists and the Ari
zona Senator is deeply shocked
and hurt by Rockefeller's at
tacks. But Goldwater is not the first
Republican to. see Rocky blow hot
and cold. Hours after Richard
Nixon had risked his life in the
streets of Caracas, Venezuela, in
the spring of 1958, Rockefeller
cabled his party's leader:
"Your courage and determina
tion have inspired democratic -
forces throughout tlie hemis
phere. We all feel a great sense of
pride in your action. Congratula
tions. Nelson."
Six months later, despite Nix
on's night-and-day campaigning,
the Republican Parly suflered ma
jor electoral losses from coast
to coast. One of the few GOP
bright spots was New York, where
Rockefeller rolled to a first-term
victory.
A television commentator in No
vember, 1938, summed up the
election results: "The big winner
in this election is Nelson Rockefel
ler. Tlie big loser Richard Nix
on." Rockefeller left immediately for
a vacation at his Venezuelan
ranch. Landing at the same Mai
quetta Airport where hundreds
spat upon Nixon six months ear
lier. Rocky met the press. Asked
about Nixon. Rockefeller quickly
assured newsmen. "No tengo
nada que ver con Nixon," which
means. "I have nothing to do w ith
Nixon."
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
Q Who comprised the famed
Lafayette Escadrille?
A Volunteer U.S. pilots flying
French airplanes. Tliey account
ed for 57 enemy aircraft from
1916 to 1918.
r Who gave the Dry Tortugaj
their name?
A Ponce dc Leon discovered
these keys and called them the
Tortugas 'Spanish for turtle be
cause of the many turtles in
nearby waters.
O-Who l culled father of the
National Road?
A Henry Clay.