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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (April 14, 1963)
Deadly Polaris Subs A wait Enemy Action At Quiet Harbor In Scotland's Holy loch HOLY LOCH. Scotland (UPI) Somewhere beyond the Allan tic mists Russian trawlers pact ed with electronic gear were fish ing for herring or information. inside Holy Loch one of the two black shapes lying low in the water alongside the submarine depot ship, Hunley. began to move slowly toward the Firth of Clyde and the open sea. The Polaris submarine John Marshall was leaving for sever al days of maneuvers before sub merging for its routine 60 days of undersea patrol. This quiet loch, fringing the picturesque summer resort town of Dunoon, harbors the most powerful mobile military force known to man. It's name is "Subron 14" (Sub marine Squadron 14) and it is as unobtrusive as it is deadly. A floating drydock, some small craft, the Hunley Itself and nev er more than two or three Polar is submarines hugging its side this is all anyone can see, and from the distant shore it isn't much. Quiet Sentinels It all looks as though it could be whisked away in a matter of hours and leave the loch to its seagulls and its legends. And this is exactly the case. During the Cuban crisis, with British ban- the-bombers crying out that Holy Loch was a front line target, the submarines swiftly disappeared to action stations presumably off the coasts of Russia. The depot ship Proteus re lieved by the Hunley a few weeks ago also sped out to a secret rendezvous point at sea. Before the showdown came there was nothing left in the loch to draw an enemy's fire nor will there ever be in any future crisis. But the calm of the loch is de ceptive. The Hunley, the first ship built from the keel up to hdndle Polaris craft, is the moth er, ship of nine missile-armed submarines on active duty, with a tenth enrouto. Six or seven sub marines are always away on si , -i , : i ROCKEFELLER CATTLE Winthrop Rockefeller brother of New York Gov. Nelson Rockefeller, inspects a few of his purebrad Santa Gertrudis cattle on his ranch near Morrilton, Ark., recently. UPI Telephoto Republican Vinthrop Rockefeller Raises Cattle In Arkansas Valley ;MORRILTON, Ark. (UPD Winthrop Rockefeller's home rambles around the brow of a bliiff nearly 900 feet above the Arkansas River Valley, its pic- lure windows sweeping a new battleground of Arkansas party politics. Here the "Squire of Petit Jean Mountain" presides over a vast and widcly-vmlcd set of Inter ests. They range from raising purebred Santa Gertrudis cattle to promoting industrial develop ment and, to the chagrin of the Democrats In his back yard, mnking a two-party state of Ar kansas. Rockefeller came Iktc from New York nearly 10 years Bgn during divorce proceedings from hit first wife, "Holm," the dnugh tef of a Lithuanian coal miner. He never made any secret of his politics. He is just as Republican as his brother. Nelson, the gover nor of New York and a leading candidate for the next GOP pres idential nominal inn. Ignored At Firnt But Winthrop Rockefeller's po litical persuasion was largely ig nored as long as ho conlincd it to the lofty reaches of Petit Jean and his office in Little Rock's Twer Building. t was when he went dm.n into Hit communities lust year to or- p.ipiw local Republican units thai th$ lur started to fly. It new fur ioilsly during the recent legisla tlvo session, when amove was mounted by the Democrats to oust him as chairman of the Ar kansas Industrial Development Commission (AIDC). Members of the legislature who had Republican opposition for the first time last full because of lent 60-day patrols, never com municating by radio so as not to give away their positions, each with 16 missiles ready to fire in a matter of minutes. Targets All 8ft Each submarine's missile load is equal in power to all the bombs dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Written into its elec tronic entrails is the obituary no Dee of half a dozen Russian tar gets a threat of instant and terrible revenge which Polaris submariners firmly believe fig ures painfully in the strategy of the Kremlin. Premier Nikita Khrushchev is said to be deeply impressed by Polaris. On this point I see eye to eye with the Russian dictator. I have just spent many hours ex amining the Robert E. Lee from the inside out, and been aboard the John Marshall. The Navy also gave me every facility to observe the deterrent operation of "Sub ron 14 under the command 01 Captain David E. Bell of New London, Conn. Security aboard these engineer ing marvels is so strict that I was checked in and out of vital areas of the Robert E. Lee even though I was personally escorted by Commander Charles (Chuck) Griffiths of Kansas City whoi heads the "gold" crew. There is a futuristic irony in the fact it takes two crews a gold and a blue to get the maximum use from a Polaris, it is the human machine rather than the nuclear one which needs the most maintenance so each crew takes over the submarine for three months which includes re fitting, sea trials and a 60-day submerged patrol. Then the crew is flown home to the U.S. for leave and a re fresher course at the base at New London, while its replace ment flies in to nearby Prest wick Airport. Order From President Griffiths said with quiet humor that he realized there were fringe groups that (eared a Polaris cap- a '.- mtjmm. ai tut tnc Rockefeller were ready to send him packing. But the ouster efforts (ailed as the legislature, stunned by the vi gor of the public reaction, backed away. Rockefeller, who admits he came very close to Inking on Gov. Orval Faubus In the guber natorial race last year, is not saying whether he might try it in l'.n.-l. "But I think they (the legisla ture) have helped me if 1 should decide to run," he added. On High Plateau Rockefeller's Winrook Farms, war Murrillon in Conway Coun ty, is on a plateau 1,100 feel alKive sea level. Rockefeller bought some 900' acres of hind on the western side of the plateau in 1!53, when It was mostly unteniled woodland and unproductive soil. Land pur chases in 12 extended Winrock to more Ihan 7.500 acres. Now a prize herd of almul 2.400 Santa Gertrudis graze on lush green pastures. More Ihan 20 immaculate buildings d o t the landscape, providing living and working quarters lor the (ami's 125 employes as well ns housing the animals. Not only docs he run a sue essful farm, Rockefeller looks like a farmer. Only h i s diction betrays his New York back ground. Explain! Stand Rockefeller doc not want to be considered an outsider or inter loper In state affairs. In turning down the Republican gubernatorial nomination last summer ha said, "I have no per sonal ambitions. It Is my consid- crcd judgement that I can do I - JJ .III I MIM J. I rs N.IRELAND W&. $5V QUIET HARBOR This quiet Scottish harbor at Holy Loch harbors the most powerful mobile military force known to man: Polaris missile-carryinq Submarine Squadron 14. The force could bs whisked away from the Loch in a matter of hours to strategic positions in case of sudden tain might go "berserk" and fire nuclear missiles all over the place. The exact procedure lead ing up to an actual firing is na turally secret but the orders would have to come from Presi dent Kennedy. The Robert E. Lee is 389 feet lung, 33 feet in the beam and dis places about 5,900 tons. It's speed and the depths at which it can operate are secret but it can probably move faster and travel deeper than any other subma rine before it. The John Marshall is bigger 410 feet long and 6,900 tons. And the Lafayette class Polaris submarines are big ger still. Griffiths has been on four 60- day submerged patrols one of them during the Cuban crisis when all of "Subron 14's" mis im zrz r I iki,4 WMHIIIIIIKI Iff ill lit iiaii,im, n w3 more for the Republican party in Arkansas by making it clear that I am not seeking something for myself. Above all I am going to strive, with nil the energy I pos sess, to establish the sacredness ol the poll. It is tragic that the (heme of voting in Arkansas to- !day is a I heme of fear." Imii 'Police Action In Korea Began In Monsoon Rain 13 Years Ago My GEHAI.I) S. SNYDER United Press Inlcrmitioitul Through a sweeping monsoon ram 13 years i:o, a erciiin o( American inlantrvmcn newly ar rived in Korea watched .is a long. black column of Communist tanks rumbled toward tlieni. Alter seven hours of hell, the first battle involving American Iroops in Korea was over. Nearly 150 U. S. soldiers were dead and the North Korean Peoples Army was lulling unhindered to the south. The "olice action" Ameri cans hoped to stop with a quick show o( strength was destined to continue lor three hlotxlv, frustra ting years before ending without a clear-cut decision. Why did America get involved What lessons have hovn learned from that inglorkms conflict? Why was the Korean war never declared and never "won" one of tlie most controversial ami frus trating in American history? T. R. Fchrenbach was a platoon leader, company commander and Battalion staff officer with the U. S. 2ml Infantry Division in Korea. Now, in llie 10th year since the cease-fire, the San Antonio I author has written the most com crisis or attack- siles were ready to strike at "multiple targets" if so ordered. He said the worst thing, about these long submerged journeys is that the men cannot contact their families although they can re ceive messages from them. There is no pretense that Po laris submarines are the most comfortable places for 130 crew men and oflicers to spend two months. Some bunks are slung among the torpedoes and among the missiles and every square inch of space is either for sleep ing or working. But there is a tiny mess hall where is served the best food in the Navy and a new film is shown nearly every night. When a man completes his eight hours of duty he usually heads for his bunk and if he Typical Airline Hostess Likes High-Flying Job By ROBERT J. SERI.ING UI'I Aviation Editor WASHINGTON (UPI) - Bever ley Boyer is one of t h e 10,000 stewardesses working for the U. S. scheduled airlines. In a sense, she is typical. A striking brunette, poised and ma ture far beyond her 25 years, in love with her job and its oppor tunities but honest and open enough to discuss some of its drawbacks. In an equal sense, she is not exactly an average stewardess. Beverley has been flying for American Airlines since 1938. Her own airline, like all the others, considers itself lucky to k e e p a good stewardess longer than two years. She lives with her family in Washington, D. C: the over whelming majority of stewardess es (some carriers call them host esses) share apartments and a few prefer living alone. And un like some of the newer girls, she would rather work trips on the sedate and veteran Convair 240. a tw in-engine piston airliner, than the glamorous jets. She averages 15 days o f f a month and clears about $400 monthly in addition to extra pay for such special assignments as talking to prosiwctivo stewardess es in high schools, chores for public relations etc. The relatively high pay comes with her seniority; the starting salary for the average stewardess can be as low as $250 monthly prchensive .report ot the Korean War to date. His big (Mil) pages' opus ex amines Ihc limited, bloody con tiict on the level of tlie frontline soldier and from the perspective of military and political grand strategy. Tlie book. "This Kind of War' iMacmillan) is aptly subtitled "A Study in I'npreparcdncss.' War Still Mystery "People today still do not under stand the war." Fcluenbach said in an interview. Americans, he said, sprung from generations con ditioned to avoid (xilit K-al w ar. But they responded with unlimited fury, stopping not slwrt of total victory, when puslicd to the limit of tolerahility by a Kaiser or a Hitler. These were wars of morali ty, crusades against evil . . . the wars of 1017 and 1941. Korea was a war different Iiom any other in our history, except possibly tlw Indian campaigns of the old West, he said. It was a war of containment in which the United States, luider the United Nations banner, acted to turn back the aggression without trying to stamp out its source. To have usvd all its power, the I'. S felt. UPI Telephoto wants any privacy he draws a curtain. The Polaris submarines obvi ously cruise within 1,200 or 1.500 miles of their Russian targets, depending on the type of subma rine and the range of its missiles. Eventually it is hoped to extend the range of the missiles so that dependence on foreign bases will diminish or cease and the sub marines will be able to operate from the United States. APOLOGY IN ORDER CHESTERFIELD, England (UPI) Telephone officials have apologized to Ernest Driver, the new head postmaster here, be cause his name appears in the new telephone directory "Drivel." but some senior cabin attendants flying international routes make as high as $500-$00. Like most of her colleagues who have gone through the tran sition from pistons to jets, Bever ley has found disadvantages to the jet age. She agrees with most stewardesses who have been fly ing for at least five years that their jobs are more routine and less fun than they used to be mainly because it is difficult to give personalized service on a 120-passenger jet. Contrary to the popular concep tion, most stewardesses do not marry pilots. If they fly for less than two years, they usually marry "the -boy back home." After two years, they are more likely to marry men they meet on flights or socially. It is an axiom in the airline business that if a girl flies for as long as five years, she finds it extremely hard to make the matrimonial break. She has her job. the ailine profession and the esprit de corps that exists among flight crews so deeply ingrained that she probably will keep her wings almost indefinitely. "I'm the exception to that ax iom," insists Beverley. "I think it's almost time for me to quit I've reached the point where things like a husband, children and a home seem important. I'd regret leaving this life, but I wouldn't regret it enough to choose it over marriage." might have prompted global war.l possibly involving the whole of lied China and the Soviet Union. "To take no action against the Communists would have meant suffering an extreme political de feat. But we wanted to prevent a third world war," Fchrenbach said. "So the United States decided to play the enemy at his own chess game ... to check his gambit. Millions of Americans say you don't play this wav," he said. "That wo should have turned over the table and gone for broke." Decides To Play The U. S. decided to play the game and the stakes were high Korean combat maimed and killed thousands of men on each side and made household w ords out of Mig Alley. Hcanbieak Kidge and Pork Chop Hill. It spurred con science - searching questions o( prison conduct and "brainwash ing," and dissolved into near-end less Panmunjom peace talks that finally made permanent the stale mate at the 3Xth Parallel. Korea costly and inglorious, has become "the most forgotten war in Amor nan history," Fchrenbach said. "Tlie end of the war did not WORLD HORIZONS PACE t Survivor Nazi Liquidation Of Jewish Ghetto (Editor's Note: Twenty years ago, on April 19, 1943, the Nazis began their "final liquidation" of the Warsaw ghetto. Three months earlier they had set about wiping it out but had been delayed by the first organized resistance on the part of the desperately op pressed Jews. Few Jews who fought that last despairing battle lived to tell of it. This is the story of one who did.) By BERGMAN BORG As told to United Press International WARSAW (UPI) - At first there were about 500,000 of us packed inside those ghetto walls None could leave without the risk of being shot. At the end there were perhaps 60,000 and with few exceptions they died, too, in gas chambers. Twenty years later it is not in me to bring it all back. But I will tell you the facts. In the beginning, the Nazis di vided the area into two sections the ghetto proper and an indus trial section. German firms ran Ihc work programs. I worked as! a tailor making uniforms for the Germany army. The work was compulsory and brought no privi leges. It was work, when ordered, or be shot. As time went on people died by the hundreds of hungar and dis ease. One day a public notice ap- icared saying we would all be leaving the ghetto. The noticel promised us we would be moved to some better place. Entire Families Slain About 10,000 persons were forced each day from their fami lies husbands from their wives and mothers from their children A few weeks after the first truck left, we learned where they went to the gas chambers of the extermination camp in, the for est of Trcblinka. I have reason to remember where they went. My wife, my son and my father died there On Aug. 20, 1942, I came home from my work and they were not there. They had gone on the trucks. I never saw them again Such was the situation when i Jew named Josaphat Lewartow ski appeared in the ghetto. He brought word that the Polish Workers Party (Communist) had been founded and that he was its central committee's emissary. We organized political instruction and military training. Lewartowski's role came to an end when one day he was pushed onto one of the Treblinka bound trucks, but there were others to take his place. Other Secret Groups The Communists were not the only secret resistance group in the ghetto. There were many others. We set up llie "Jewish Fighting Organization" under the command of Morlheim Anielc wicz. i We began storing arms and ammunition. We bought some from Poles outside the ghetto including Polish policemen. And some from German soldiers. We mark the end of an era but merely marked a fork in the road the world is still traveling." Viet Nam and Cuba are other "forks," he said. In 1950, he asserted, the Amer POLICE ACTION In 1 9S0 America became involved in tha Korean "police action." Theta exclusive UPI photos taken at that time show, left, exhausted Marines snatch icq a moment's rest behind a wall in streets of Seoul, and right, Army Chaplain A, M, Knier of Wisconsin reads final prayers over bodies of some 36 American sol diers whose hands were tied behind their backs and then shot to death. UPI Telephota t HERALD AND Relates also got arms from the Polish Workers Party. On Jan. 18, 1943, a large group of SS men entered the ghetto to finish the job of liquidation. For the first time they faced organ ized resistance and for three days fighting went on. The Germans finally retreated because of heavy losses. But many of us had been killed or wounded, too. We knew they would come back and better prepared next time. We organized into larger units stationed in vacant ghetto houses. We increased patrols. We watch ed and waited. On the night of April 19 they came back. Our general staff under Mor theim Anielewicz's command op erated from a bunker in Mila street. My group worked from a house at 74 Leszno street. We attacked first. We opened heavy fire on SS troops marchingl toward the center of the ghetto. We inflicted big losses but final ly had to retreat back to the house in Leszno street. Use Flamethrowers The SS troops began burning the ghetto houses one by one, using flamethrowers. We fought on, but we could not stop the flames. it became dillicult to escape from the burning houses. The pavement got so hot it burned the - feet and set our clothes afire. Countless people jumped to death from upper floors of their buildings, choosing such a death preference to being burned alive. (In his reports, Nazi brigadier Stroop reported on the jumpers. With their bones broken, they! still tried to crawl across the street into buildings which had not yet been set on fire. . . The Jews and bandits often preferred to return into the flames than risk being caught by us. . .") On May 8 Anielewicz and his command post in Mila street was iped out. We knew that meant the end. Those of us in Leszno street waited some time and then took underground passage under the wall. But as soon as we emerged, waiting Germans seized us. We were taken back to the hctto and then sent on trucks to Treblinka. (Final resistance ended about a week later. Stroop titled his final report "The Warsaw Ghetto is no more." He was hanged afler the war on the site of the ghetto. Borg, now 56. ended the war at the extermination camp, from which he was liberated.) Instead of being gassed, I was picked among a very few from the ghetto for a work gang. I was still strong enough to work, and that is why I am alive. PLANES COLLIDE BUENOS AIRES (LTD - Two British-made Argentine Meteor jet fighters collided in flight Tuesday near suburban Pacheco. One crashed, killing its pilot, but the other landed safely at Moron airbase. ican people were psychologically unprepared for war, especially war on tlie ground. They had heard a lot about atomic wea pons and subconsciously regarded infantry warfare as obsolete. 3 V NEWS, Klamath Falls, Ore. 2TT U i LLii I v TT 'i WW BIBLE READING CHALLENGED Two families, who challenged state requirements on Bible-verse reading in Maryland and Pennsylvania schools, appear on stepi of U.S. Supreme Court building in Washington. In the top photo, Mrs. Madalyn E. Murray of Baltimore is shown with her sons, William and Garth. In the bottom photo, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Schempp of Pennsylvania are shown with members of their family. UPI Telephoto Public School Prayers Spark National Furor WASHINGTON (UPI), - "When you prayest, enter into thy closet and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret. . ." Jesus spoke these words in the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 6:6). Supreme Court Justice Hugo L. Black referred to them recently during arguments on whether Bible reading and the Lord's Prayer are permissible under the Constitution as opening exercises in public schools. Black wrote the opinion which last term struck down New York's state - composed school prayer. Judging by the outburst that greeted this decision, almost everybody has an opinion on the subject and wants to express it. Takes Unusual Step The criticism reached such a pitch that one member of the court. Justice Tom C. Clark, took the unusual step of attempting in a public speech to quiet things down. He explained that the de cision was a narrow one applying only to a "state-written prayer circulated by a school district to state-employed teachers with in structions to have their pupils re cite it in unison at the beginning ol each school day in state-owned buildings." The First Amendment says: "Congress shall make no law re specting an establishment o( re ligion or prohibiting the free exer cise thereof." The states for many years have, through the 14th Amendment, been subject to the same prohibition. Fehrenbach. 38, now a lieuten ant colonel in the Army reserve. Iielieves that today's professional army is better prepared in terms of equipment but especially in attitude and discipline. ?- . r i Suaday. April 14, 1963 " 'No' means 'No,' " Clark said. "This was all the court decided." Many legal observers who fol lowed arguments on now-pending Baltimore and Philadelphia area cases insist, however, that unless the court backs away from its New York ruling the same reason ing controls the Lord's Prayer and Bible reading cases. The general contention of slate officials is that opening the school day with the Lord's Prayer is part of the national heritage; that the exercise has outgrown its purely religious origins and merely teaches moral and ethical precepts. They say that if these practices are ruled out they foresee "a steadily increasing erosion" in other forms of church-state con tact. They mentioned chaplains in both houses of Congress, the armed forces, service academies and federal hospitals and prisons: exemptions of religious organiza tions from the federal income tax; deductibility of gifts to religious institutions, and the like. The plaintiffs in the Baltimore case Mrs. Madelyn E. Murray and her 16-year-old son William, both atheists challenged a rule requiring reading the Bible and-or recitation of the Lord's Prayer without comment every morning. This rule was set up in 1905 by the board of school commission ers. A decision in the Bible reading and Lord's Prayer cases is ex pected some time before the end of the term in June. In retrospect, Fehrenbach be lieves the biggest shortcoming of the national administration was its failure to explain to the public the nature of the war in Korea and why we had chosen to fight it as we did. This failure, he con cluded, resulted in a confused, angry nation which at times ques tioned the wisdom, even the pa triotism and integrity, of its lead ers. And no one told the troops w hy they were summoned to fight and die as the truce talks dragged on for months. Fehrenbach said tlie war proved the need for a highly trained pro fessional army ready to fight in limited wars without asking "why." But he concludes: "The man who will go where his colors go. without asking, who will fight a phantom foe in jungle and mountain range, without coun ting, and who will suffer and die in the midst of incredible hard ship, without complaint, is still what he has always been, from imperial Rome to sceptered Brit ain to Democratic America. "He is the stuff of which legions are made." X
