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About The Bonneville Dam chronicle. (Bonneville, Or.) 1934-1939 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 13, 1936)
ini: TEX i n» ' N i; \ I I I i: Il \ M I ’ II It II > I * I I m any <'f the A m erican plotters left contem porary Journals. The local frontiersm an did, however, ex- Ml pci dice a i h i ' of Amei n which has produced a ru g g e d f 'Ik- Ion- replete with gripping »tori* of bravery, outlawry, and cold revenge. .Main l m - i lor G >pm m Tliij value of these sands for plaster of paris and fireproofing m a te! in i is well recognised, and r e peated attem pts have been m ade to m ake com m ercial use >f them. Gypsum finds a m ultitude of use* in com m erce and industry. As u fertilizer and soil conditioner It is distributed ns •a g ric u ltu ra l g y p su m ." As " m in e r a l w hite” it finds use as u filler in paper, paint und fabrics. The m a k e rs of P o rtland cement require it as a re ta rd e r . In f ' , .,*f sculpture and the m aking of d e c o ra tive devices in arc h ite c tu re a.id i h e White Sands of \lam ogordo. building it is known as ' a l a b a s t e r .” ty. crumbling, and drifting with the Even the school boys" crayons P re p n ^ l bv National C.- ' ? W a s h i n g t o n . L> C.— W N U S e r v i c e wind a re the s a m e The end pt - duct utilize much gypsum. S ONE U. n k stands u| n t h n e e . . . . . ... c , , . . is invariably beautiful, white, win- W hin n a tu ra l gypsum is d e h y heights of the San Andres dra te d by heat, it becom es the m ountains in the neighbor quick - setting c e m e n t known u* heights of the San Andres . , hood of Rhodes Pass. New . . „ no " wed, p la s te and r of clean, p a ris .” About four „ m il m ountains in the neighbor- Mexico, one looks out up n an ocean .... The picture all rded in this e x of white. South and east stretches a panse of white sand is unlike any lion tons of this calcined gypsum v ast sea on which the glin . f white- thing known. Tlie white environ a re used each y ea r for wall plaster caps appears as real as tht rocky m ent has produced a notable effect or stucco. P late • glass m a k e rs shores. The view is a startling upon the lim ited anim al life of the imbed their glass in p laster of p a n s m irage. Closer inspection reveals sands, and zoologists look to this p re p a ra to ry to polishing. P la sterboard, wallboaru and gyp that the billowing snowy expanse is natura l laboratory for possible a n sum lath re quire much gyp the White Sands of Alamogordo. swers to questions bearing upon sum each year. " G y p su m blocks” The windrowlike dunes seem vel adaptation. Botanists long ago vety in their softness, yet m any of turned to the White Sands as a tk-ld and tile a rc used in partitions, roof them are firm enough to perm it in which to study the responses of c nstruction. and f! oring. where motorists to roll their cars from one plants to unusual physical influences. fireproofing and sound insulation a re im p o rta n t Surge- ns. dentists, and crest to the next in roller-c aster In places large cottonwood trees artists dem and the finer g ra d es of fashion. Some of the hills have a t nearly covered up with s„m* live a tained a height of 100 fe^t. but 50 strange existence, producing roots calcined gypsum for casting plaster. Dreaded By Pioneers. feet probably represents the a v e r where upper branches once grew. age. It a p p e a rs on first thought th at When the sand drifts and exposes Curious stories of the origin of the their modified anatom y, they si ll h ere in the n ea rly pure g ypsum of sands have circulated since they stand, am azing specimens, with White Sands is a v erita b le fortune have been known to Americans, but roots in terspersed with d e a d in plaster. But T ularosa is far r e the truth is not less interesting than branches along trunks m u c h m oved from large m a rk e ts. the fanciful explanationas. The proc changed as a result of long burial. Old settlers of the rfgion have esses of m aking a re going on con watched, feared, and hated he White Disinterred specim ens of the stantly. yucca a r e to be seen th at have Sands for half a century. This, one Underlying the Tularosa basin are struggled in an effort to keep their of the world's g r e a te s t deposits of beds of P erm ian limestone and heads above the shifting sands until pure gypsum , has grown before sandstone, between the layers of their stem s have elongated to some their eyes, th rea ten in g hom es and which are interspersed thick beds land th a t m ight be useful. thirty feet. of gypsum. Borings m ade in recent F o r several y ea rs the a p p e ara n ce T hese pioneers—cattlem en, sh e e p and Go. y ears reveal that the gypsum is and "Led d is a p Lakes” p ea ran c Come e of ’‘red lakes” j men. fa rm e rs , and lu m b e rm e n —had hundreds of feet below the present in the sands have caused conjec few interests outside their own busi valley floor and that w ater is e n ture am ong biologists and chemists. ness. The spreading sands, e v e r in countered a t depths of a thousand Studies m ad e during the last few creasing in volume, struck d re ad feet or less. months have tentatively identified into the stockm an, who ca m e to The n ature of the s edim entary ' an organism which m ay be responsi- believe th at the snowy-white m a s s rocks above the w ater-bearing sands ble for the stra n g e color changes would creep upon and envelop not is favorable to upw ard seepage. As that take place in the w a te rs of only his ranch, but the towns of the w ater on its upw ard course certain ponds and pools. A pparent- Aiamogordo and T u la ro s a —now 15 to passes through the gypsum de- ly the verm ilion ••lakes” car exist 20 m iles from the heavy white sea. posits, it dissolves that m a te ria l and on'y when the w a te r has evapora- With the in crease in population In c a rries a r a th e r full load to the ted to a condition of high salt con the little cities about the basin there surface. The limestone through tent, for the organism is known to ca m e the realization that the a l a which the solution passes is not grow only in sa lt w ater of high b a s te r dunes provided charm ing readily soluble; very little in addi concentration. sites for church picnics, school p a r Sites once occupied by an ancient ties. and lodge gatherings In tim ate tion to gypsum is ca rried by the rising water. When evaporation people a re well know n to the present and happy association witu the takes place a t the surface a fairly residents of the region, and obscure sands caused fe a r to turn to love p u re crust of gypsum is deposited, re m in d e rs of ea rly Spanish activity and pride. In 1930 the com m unities which, under action of the atm o s a r e to be seer, in m an y places of Alamogordo, Las Cruces, El phere, crum bles to form crystalline throughout the valley. I Paso, Carlsbad, Artesia, Roswell, grains. T hre e centuries ago Spanish e x Mescalero, Ruidoso. Cloudcroft. and The prevailing southwest wind plorers and m issionaries frequented Tularosa joined forces in an effort sweeps these crystals from the s u r the Tularosa dese rt and wondered to create a national reserv atio n in face upon which they w ere form ed a t its white sands. They noted the the White Sands. and piles them in huge drifts to the unusual chem ical properties of the C om m ercial interests revived old north and e a s t of the point of origin. nearly 300 s q u are miles of drifting hopes and argued th a t this vast The wind erosion excavates basins, gypsum and, quite likely, wished tra c t of gypsum was too valuable the flat floors of which m a y be 10 for m ean s of transporting this for m anufacturing purposes to be to 30 feet below the surface of the abundant supply of pure ala b a s te r ! ‘‘wasted in re c re atio n .” S tatistical plain and 50 feet or m ore below the to the settlem ents and churches a studies precipitated by this argu- tops of the dunes. hundred miles to the north. ! rnent revealed th at within the 170,. Basins of Moist Sands. Recently, a t the m outh of Dead- 000 ac re s of the White Sands is N e arly everyw here in the basin m a n canyon in the San Andres, just enough building m a te r ia l to re p ro floors m oist sands a r e encountered w est of the White Sands, a promi- d u c T t h c " f i r e p r o o f walls of ,-v. rv a t a depth of a few inches. Ordina- nent son of the s tate of New Mexico sk y s c ra p e r in A m erica, to duplicate n l y sand erosion does no, develop uncovered u nm istakable evidences all wallbonrd ,-vi-r r r 1 , \ flat surfaces, but .he flatness of that the Spanish A m e ric a n , a these floors is m anifestly caused by generation long dead had entered decoration and st-.tu-.rv , n U,e w a te r . a h , e w h i e h limits the £ T ularosa iieser. a r e a with vehi- A - S c » U „ o h T . „ 7 , . i depth to which the sand can erode. , cles. Divulgence of this forgotten one-third of the T ularosa gypsum The la rg e st of the basins from trav e l cam e in the form of two m as- untouched. which the sands a rc blown is a sive wooden wheels from an early boggy lake bed a t the south end of Mexican oxcart. Dedication of Status of Liberty the dune a r e a , but m a n y of the If an authentic story could be sm a lle r flat floored depressions a re woven about those relics Derhanx V 'e. ytalue °* L iberty was un- sca tte re d through the are a . The size the period of the bullw hacker who Vcl ed on ° ctob®r 28, 1880. F o r the of the depression a p p a re n tly a f abandoned his conveyance would be a . p la tio rm erected fects the height of the sand piles established as no e a rlier than the slde lhc Pedestal on built up to the lee of it. Nineteenth century. However m aos , 1 lsla,»d. The o rd e r of pro Hills and m ountains surrounding of the p a d re s and dons definitely c td u rc was !iS ,ollow*: Music, sig- the T ularosa basin contain gypsum , point to E ighteenth century routes ^al gun, p ra y er, talk by Count F er- and it is evident th a t som e of the e a s t and w est across the Tularosa j»nand de Lf sseps, p resentation ad- deposit is brought from this source as well as north and south, where H' K v a rl», un- by surface w a te rs th at feed it to the the trails p arallel the mountain veiling by Bartholdi, the sculptor- salute, music, ac ceptanc e of thé larg e n a tu ra l evaporation pan a t the boundaries of its basin. south end of the sands. W hether No w ritten record of m omei.t |g statue by P resid en t Cleveland, talk the source is the deeply buried beds known to have com e down f/om the by tffe F re n c h delegate, M. A. L e - or the visible deposits in the m oun M exican predecessors of the inhabit faiore; com m em o ra tiv e ad d ress by tains, the processes of evaporation, ants of the T ularosa region, nor have C hauncey M. Dcpew, doxology, benediction, national salute. • IUI» \ V. Ni(\ | \ '"'Hi n j m in in n tn ini u n i ni i n 11 h 11 n 11111111 h 111 n i t iiiiiiiiiin iH i^ jjp Through 'J NEW MEXICO’S GYPSUM A Jl AN NtVf'jQjj A W O M A N ’S EYEsI u n 11 iiiiiiii 11111 h h i h ni i h 11111111 ......m i i WHAT IS A LIE? I 7 ^ 7 " J i, d r i-vff / V * ^ I ü t. fiinglnl notion of the | ryriiologi -.t»” th at children m u st n e v e r be r e g arded us lying, for w h a t they do is only " w ish thinking ” She sends us som ething on the s u b ject tii.it a p p e a re d in a new sp a p er. H ere it is: "When we p e rs is t In d e m a n d in g of them absolute truthfulness of .ur children, we neglect to rnuke a l lowance f"T the c h ild 's n a tu r a l te n dency to say w hat he w ith e s w ere so instead of w hat a c tu a lly Is so The s a m e d riv e which m a k e s a child forget duties and re rn e in l" r pleasures, w hich m a k e s h im invent delightful hapiicntngs in place i f painful and h u m iliatin g ones. caur.< s him s o m e tim e s to d is to rt tin- b e h av io r of others. He s u p p l e s f f their actions the m otiv e s and in te r p re ta tio n s which a r e m o re a g r e e able to hirn th a n lire ac tu a l ■ nei He m is c o n s tru e s w hat they «1 .i-.d say in his own favor and all this he does quite honestly und inno cently.” It se e m s to m e th a t th e re is a good idea gone w rong It is the oth er e x tre m e from the rigor- and cruel view point of m a k in g a child feel like a c r im in a l for Ui- dulgtng in a little "w ih thinking" or allowing an ac tiv e im ag in atio n to slightly col r or e x a g g e r a te an Incident. : 4 c 4 i_ ' h «u.Tprig3 »truing a J ' l/lhfri - • 'c * ipjd* ■ > Kgf "•an. Our • I* 5.:ldilg t s j l -an. AadWfcS I base d ihirdcd it '• very drîiLii3 tty cat 1 t ralle 1 ' with t tain ii n ..y I. 1. it If '■ to rnctUflft b J » iy v alb J 1 I '* *.j '. t J 'err hr r r jjJ 'I - J ■ : 'her b-.; .1 u. ■ •..! »pjriçrat*! ‘ h h« "s'uiitt" m i •r t rj J 'i -n i ln <3 longs what dollar Al*. . ¡ prova brhav J he says ‘1 p r J U-C4.I« it th a t l I - which r f i ,rra- » ri puuibit zg fell -W ti.d UV* ( ways. J i v .’..1 fr.ir.; cf h i di of ■ire t d.iinctaM it n Importas k J 1 • reu» i-rrtaal i » - a tr- W IT M rnent. to a v keep edtime Story ’'Thornton L _ W _ burgess __ THE KOMBI Its DECIDE TO I li. ll I r <f ti.c danger they«w*k -r nttl r.'-i» Uie !.. . . of Die younlff s f- It quite COCfidHtfl 7 H F N one of the young r"blx r tli.,' ,.i t >kc care<f***J r a ts at the m e e tin g of all the • r a ts in the big b a r n which Billy n.'-t -i - I y could id Mink h ad visited b o asted th a t he ! .ii, i t.t knew'uVflL n e v e r h ad seen a n y o n e he co u ld n 't .................... tn tutmy turn \ hide from, all the o th e r young ra ts nodded th eir h e a d s in a p p ro v a l. You • i-xpenBiet.” *1 sec they prid ed th e m s e lv c a on k n o w "V i v. . »:* «¡»J ing e v e ry hiding p la c e in th a t h g . mu « « J barn, and they n e v e r h a d know n e ,rf an e n e m y s m a ll enough to follow th em to these hiding places. S ' U :' . cause > i esn go wb«* « . b u t this rr.irJt ; any of y J. e\c-n the k " ' .„u " I ’, it :f he doe* n°* •** ‘ how can he h»d u»?M K * * ’ rj " j "A mink d'** not ha” ,a | >n " / '' a ' 7; .r*h I 1 ‘1 h.d,. - “ Knowledge of Life Is O btained Only 'th ro u g h E x p e r ie n c e ,” lie Itegan. when the g ra y , old le a d e r of th a t ro b b e r g ang said th a t u nless he was g re a tly m is ta k e n tiiey w ere li!;c-ly to h a v e a c h a n c e to sec s o m e one they co u ld n 't h ide from , th e y a t once d e m a n d e d to know w hat he m ean t. The old le a d e r looked aro u n d the circle of r a t s w aiting for him to speak. T h e re w e re big ra ts , little ra ts, and m iddle-sized ra ts . T h e r e w ere r a ts g r a y with age, a n d sleek young ra ts . He counted noses. E v e r y r a t of the tribe, s a v e only the babies too s m a ll to le a v e th e nests, and the one w hom Billy Mink hud caught, w as p re sen t. In the faces of the g r a y old r a t s h e could see w orry. L ike h im s e lf they under- is . • ' r°m : ? r i f, r h • y.-r** It'! a - n*’- !• ; , t n. ' Uus pi "» .•i ■ I 'I - r : .1 sf to til ; ..pH- "¿-Id* 1 1 ' j irc!t i^* fa., - . f a »• •“ 11 " ".;d he, * 2 seem ; »'» '’,e’ * do. .,niy 1 " "• j us akd fight. u 1 1 togcthcr c**a n- t do, ''f ¡I* ‘ £st propose tl'-‘ aU atud» n,w»rnv appears