ini:
TEX
i n» ' N
i; \ I I I i: Il \ M I ’ II It II > I * I I
m any <'f the A m erican plotters left
contem porary Journals. The local
frontiersm an did, however, ex-
Ml
pci dice a i h i ' of Amei n
which has produced a ru g g e d f 'Ik-
Ion- replete with gripping »tori* of
bravery, outlawry, and cold revenge.
.Main l m - i lor G >pm m
Tliij value of these sands for
plaster of paris and fireproofing m a
te! in i is well recognised, and r e
peated attem pts have been m ade to
m ake com m ercial use >f them.
Gypsum finds a m ultitude of use*
in com m erce and industry. As u
fertilizer and soil conditioner It is
distributed ns •a g ric u ltu ra l g y p
su m ." As " m in e r a l w hite” it finds
use as u filler in paper, paint und
fabrics. The m a k e rs of P o rtland
cement require it as a re ta rd e r . In
f ' , .,*f
sculpture and the m aking of d e c o ra
tive devices in arc h ite c tu re a.id
i h e White Sands of \lam ogordo.
building it is known as ' a l a b a s t e r .”
ty. crumbling, and drifting with the Even the school boys" crayons
P re p n ^ l bv National C.-
' ?
W a s h i n g t o n . L> C.— W N U S e r v i c e
wind a re the s a m e The end pt - duct utilize much gypsum.
S ONE
U. n k stands u| n t h n e e
.
. . . .
...
c
, , . . is invariably beautiful, white, win-
W hin n a tu ra l gypsum is d e h y
heights of the San Andres
dra te d by heat, it becom es the
m ountains in the neighbor
quick - setting
c e m e n t known u*
heights of the San Andres
. ,
hood of Rhodes Pass. New
. .
„ no " wed,
p la s te and
r of clean,
p a ris .” About four „ m il
m ountains in the neighbor-
Mexico, one looks out up n an ocean
....
The picture all rded in this e x
of white. South and east stretches a panse of white sand is unlike any lion tons of this calcined gypsum
v ast sea on which the glin . f white- thing known. Tlie white environ a re used each y ea r for wall plaster
caps appears as real as tht rocky m ent has produced a notable effect or stucco. P late • glass m a k e rs
shores. The view is a startling upon the lim ited anim al life of the imbed their glass in p laster of p a n s
m irage. Closer inspection reveals sands, and zoologists look to this p re p a ra to ry to polishing.
P la sterboard, wallboaru and gyp
that the billowing snowy expanse is natura l laboratory for possible a n
sum
lath
re quire
much
gyp
the White Sands of Alamogordo.
swers to questions bearing upon sum each year. " G y p su m blocks”
The windrowlike dunes seem vel adaptation.
Botanists long ago
vety in their softness, yet m any of turned to the White Sands as a tk-ld and tile a rc used in partitions, roof
them are firm enough to perm it in which to study the responses of c nstruction. and f! oring. where
motorists to roll their cars from one plants to unusual physical influences. fireproofing and sound insulation a re
im p o rta n t Surge- ns. dentists, and
crest to the next in roller-c aster
In places large cottonwood trees artists dem and the finer g ra d es of
fashion. Some of the hills have a t nearly covered up with s„m* live a
tained a height of 100 fe^t. but 50 strange existence, producing roots calcined gypsum for casting plaster.
Dreaded By Pioneers.
feet probably represents the a v e r where upper branches once grew.
age.
It
a
p
p e a rs on first thought th at
When the sand drifts and exposes
Curious stories of the origin of the their modified anatom y, they si ll h ere in the n ea rly pure g ypsum of
sands have circulated since they stand, am azing specimens, with White Sands is a v erita b le fortune
have been known to Americans, but roots in terspersed
with
d e a d in plaster. But T ularosa is far r e
the truth is not less interesting than branches
along
trunks
m u c h m oved from large m a rk e ts.
the fanciful explanationas. The proc changed as a result of long burial.
Old settlers of the rfgion have
esses of m aking a re going on con
watched,
feared, and hated he White
Disinterred specim ens of the
stantly.
yucca a r e to be seen th at have Sands for half a century. This, one
Underlying the Tularosa basin are
struggled in an effort to keep their of the world's g r e a te s t deposits of
beds of P erm ian limestone and
heads above the shifting sands until pure gypsum , has grown before
sandstone, between the layers of
their stem s have elongated to some their eyes, th rea ten in g hom es and
which are interspersed thick beds
land th a t m ight be useful.
thirty feet.
of gypsum. Borings m ade in recent
F o r several y ea rs the a p p e ara n ce
T hese pioneers—cattlem en, sh e e p
and Go.
y ears reveal that the gypsum is and "Led
d is a p Lakes”
p ea ran c Come
e of ’‘red
lakes” j men. fa rm e rs , and lu m b e rm e n —had
hundreds of feet below the present in the sands have caused conjec few interests outside their own busi
valley floor and that w ater is e n ture am ong biologists and chemists. ness. The spreading sands, e v e r in
countered a t depths of a thousand Studies m ad e during the last few creasing in volume, struck d re ad
feet or less.
months have tentatively identified into the stockm an, who ca m e to
The n ature of the s edim entary ' an organism which m ay be responsi- believe th at the snowy-white m a s s
rocks above the w ater-bearing sands ble for the stra n g e color changes would creep upon and envelop not
is favorable to upw ard seepage. As that take place in the w a te rs of only his ranch, but the towns of
the w ater on its upw ard course certain ponds and pools. A pparent- Aiamogordo and T u la ro s a —now 15 to
passes through the gypsum de- ly the verm ilion ••lakes” car exist 20 m iles from the heavy white sea.
posits, it dissolves that m a te ria l and on'y when the w a te r has evapora-
With the in crease in population In
c a rries a r a th e r full load to the ted to a condition of high salt con the little cities about the basin there
surface. The limestone through tent, for the organism is known to ca m e the realization that the a l a
which the solution passes is not grow only in sa lt w ater of high b a s te r dunes provided charm ing
readily soluble; very little in addi concentration.
sites for church picnics, school p a r
Sites once occupied by an ancient ties. and lodge gatherings In tim ate
tion to gypsum is ca rried by the
rising water. When
evaporation people a re well know n to the present and happy association witu the
takes place a t the surface a fairly residents of the region, and obscure sands caused fe a r to turn to love
p u re crust of gypsum is deposited, re m in d e rs of ea rly Spanish activity and pride. In 1930 the com m unities
which, under action of the atm o s a r e to be seer, in m an y places of Alamogordo, Las Cruces,
El
phere, crum bles to form crystalline throughout the valley.
I Paso, Carlsbad, Artesia, Roswell,
grains.
T hre e centuries ago Spanish e x Mescalero, Ruidoso. Cloudcroft. and
The prevailing southwest wind plorers and m issionaries frequented Tularosa joined forces in an effort
sweeps these crystals from the s u r the Tularosa dese rt and wondered to create a national reserv atio n in
face upon which they w ere form ed a t its white sands. They noted the the White Sands.
and piles them in huge drifts to the unusual chem ical properties of the
C om m ercial interests revived old
north and e a s t of the point of origin. nearly 300 s q u are miles of drifting
hopes
and argued th a t this vast
The wind erosion excavates basins, gypsum and, quite likely, wished
tra
c
t
of
gypsum was too valuable
the flat floors of which m a y be 10 for m ean s of transporting
this
for
m
anufacturing
purposes to be
to 30 feet below the surface of the abundant supply of pure ala b a s te r
!
‘‘wasted
in
re
c
re
atio
n .” S tatistical
plain and 50 feet or m ore below the to the settlem ents and churches a
studies
precipitated
by this argu-
tops of the dunes.
hundred miles to the north.
! rnent revealed th at within the 170,.
Basins of Moist Sands.
Recently, a t the m outh of Dead- 000 ac re s of the White Sands is
N e arly everyw here in the basin m a n canyon in the San Andres, just
enough building m a te r ia l to re p ro
floors m oist sands a r e encountered w est of the White Sands, a promi- d u c T t h c " f i r e p r o o f walls of ,-v. rv
a t a depth of a few inches. Ordina- nent son of the s tate of New Mexico sk y s c ra p e r in A m erica, to duplicate
n l y sand erosion does no, develop uncovered u nm istakable evidences all wallbonrd ,-vi-r r
r
1 , \
flat surfaces, but .he flatness of that the Spanish A m e ric a n ,
a
these floors is m anifestly caused by generation long dead had entered decoration and st-.tu-.rv , n
U,e w a te r . a h , e w h i e h limits the £ T ularosa iieser. a r e a with vehi- A - S c » U „ o h T . „ 7 , . i
depth to which the sand can erode. , cles. Divulgence of this forgotten one-third of the T ularosa gypsum
The la rg e st of the basins from trav e l cam e in the form of two m as- untouched.
which the sands a rc blown is a sive wooden wheels from an early
boggy lake bed a t the south end of Mexican oxcart.
Dedication of Status of Liberty
the dune a r e a , but m a n y of the
If an authentic story could be
sm a lle r flat floored depressions a re woven about those relics Derhanx
V 'e. ytalue °* L iberty was un-
sca tte re d through the are a . The size the period of the bullw hacker who Vcl ed on ° ctob®r 28, 1880. F o r the
of the depression a p p a re n tly a f abandoned his conveyance would be
a . p la tio rm
erected
fects the height of the sand piles established as no e a rlier than the
slde
lhc Pedestal on
built up to the lee of it.
Nineteenth century. However m aos
,
1 lsla,»d. The o rd e r of pro
Hills and m ountains surrounding of the p a d re s and dons definitely c td u rc was !iS ,ollow*: Music, sig-
the T ularosa basin contain gypsum , point to E ighteenth century routes ^al gun, p ra y er, talk by Count F er-
and it is evident th a t som e of the e a s t and w est across the Tularosa j»nand de Lf sseps, p resentation ad-
deposit is brought from this source as well as north and south, where
H' K v a rl», un-
by surface w a te rs th at feed it to the the trails p arallel the mountain veiling by Bartholdi, the sculptor-
salute, music, ac ceptanc e of thé
larg e n a tu ra l evaporation pan a t the boundaries of its basin.
south end of the sands. W hether
No w ritten record of m omei.t |g statue by P resid en t Cleveland, talk
the source is the deeply buried beds known to have com e down f/om the by tffe F re n c h delegate, M. A. L e -
or the visible deposits in the m oun M exican predecessors of the inhabit faiore; com m em o ra tiv e ad d ress by
tains, the processes of evaporation, ants of the T ularosa region, nor have C hauncey M. Dcpew, doxology,
benediction, national salute.
• IUI» \ V. Ni(\ | \
'"'Hi n j
m in in n tn ini u n i ni i n 11 h 11 n 11111111 h 111 n i t
iiiiiiiiiin iH i^ jjp
Through 'J
NEW MEXICO’S GYPSUM
A
Jl AN NtVf'jQjj
A W O M A N ’S EYEsI
u n 11 iiiiiiii 11111 h h i h ni i h 11111111 ......m i
i
WHAT IS A LIE?
I
7 ^ 7 "
J i,
d r i-vff
/ V
* ^
I ü t.
fiinglnl notion of the | ryriiologi -.t»”
th at children m u st n e v e r be r e
g arded us lying, for w h a t they do
is only " w ish thinking ” She sends
us som ething on the s u b ject tii.it
a p p e a re d in a new sp a p er. H ere it
is:
"When we p e rs is t In d e m a n d in g
of them absolute truthfulness of .ur
children, we neglect to rnuke a l
lowance f"T the c h ild 's n a tu r a l te n
dency to say w hat he w ith e s w ere
so instead of w hat a c tu a lly Is so
The s a m e d riv e which m a k e s a
child forget duties and re rn e in l" r
pleasures, w hich m a k e s h im invent
delightful hapiicntngs in place i f
painful and h u m iliatin g ones. caur.< s
him s o m e tim e s to d is to rt tin- b e
h av io r of others. He s u p p l e s f f
their actions the m otiv e s and in te r
p re ta tio n s which a r e m o re a g r e e
able to hirn th a n lire ac tu a l ■ nei
He m is c o n s tru e s w hat they «1 .i-.d
say in his own favor and all this
he does quite honestly und inno
cently.”
It se e m s to m e th a t th e re is a
good idea gone w rong
It is the
oth er e x tre m e from the rigor-
and cruel view point of m a k in g a
child feel like a c r im in a l for Ui-
dulgtng in a little "w ih thinking"
or allowing an ac tiv e im ag in atio n
to slightly col r or e x a g g e r a te an
Incident.
: 4 c 4 i_
' h «u.Tprig3
»truing a J
' l/lhfri -
• 'c * ipjd*
■ > Kgf
"•an. Our
• I* 5.:ldilg t s j l
-an. AadWfcS
I base d
ihirdcd it
'• very drîiLii3
tty
cat 1 t
ralle 1
'
with t
tain ii
n ..y I.
1.
it
If
'■ to rnctUflft b J
» iy v alb J
1 I '* *.j '. t J
'err hr r r jjJ
'I - J
■ : 'her b-.; .1 u. ■
•..! »pjriçrat*!
‘ h h« "s'uiitt" m i
•r t
rj J
'i -n i ln <3
longs
what
dollar
Al*. . ¡
prova
brhav
J
he says ‘1 p r J
U-C4.I« it
th a t l
I -
which
r f i ,rra-
» ri puuibit zg
fell -W ti.d UV*
(
ways.
J
i v .’..1 fr.ir.; cf h i
di of
■ire t d.iinctaM
it n Importas k J
1
• reu» i-rrtaal
i
»
- a tr- W IT M
rnent.
to a v
keep
edtime Story
’'Thornton
L
_ W _ burgess
__
THE KOMBI Its DECIDE TO
I li. ll I
r <f ti.c danger they«w*k
-r nttl
r.'-i»
Uie !.. . . of Die younlff
s
f- It quite COCfidHtfl
7 H F N one of the young r"blx r tli.,'
,.i
t >kc care<f***J
r a ts at the m e e tin g of all the
•
r a ts in the big b a r n which Billy
n.'-t -i - I y
could id
Mink h ad visited b o asted th a t he
!
.ii, i t.t knew'uVflL
n e v e r h ad seen a n y o n e he co u ld n 't
....................
tn tutmy turn \
hide from, all the o th e r young ra ts
nodded th eir h e a d s in a p p ro v a l. You
• i-xpenBiet.” *1
sec they prid ed th e m s e lv c a on k n o w
"V i v. . »:* «¡»J
ing e v e ry hiding p la c e in th a t h g
.
mu « « J
barn, and they n e v e r h a d know n
e
,rf
an e n e m y s m a ll enough to follow
th em to these hiding places. S '
U
:' .
cause > i esn go wb«* «
. b u t this rr.irJt
;
any of y J. e\c-n the
k "
'
.„u
" I ’, it :f he doe* n°* •** ‘
how can he h»d u»?M K * *
’ rj "
j
"A mink d'** not ha” ,a |
>n "
/
'' a ' 7; .r*h
I
1
‘1
h.d,. -
“ Knowledge of Life Is O btained
Only 'th ro u g h E x p e r ie n c e ,” lie
Itegan.
when the g ra y , old le a d e r of th a t
ro b b e r g ang said th a t u nless he
was g re a tly m is ta k e n tiiey w ere
li!;c-ly to h a v e a c h a n c e to sec s o m e
one they co u ld n 't h ide from , th e y
a t once d e m a n d e d to know w hat he
m ean t.
The old le a d e r looked aro u n d the
circle of r a t s w aiting for him to
speak. T h e re w e re big ra ts , little
ra ts, and m iddle-sized ra ts . T h e r e
w ere r a ts g r a y with age, a n d sleek
young ra ts . He counted noses. E v
e r y r a t of the tribe, s a v e only the
babies too s m a ll to le a v e th e nests,
and the one w hom Billy Mink hud
caught, w as p re sen t. In the faces
of the g r a y old r a t s h e could see
w orry. L ike h im s e lf they under-
is
.
• ' r°m : ? r i
f, r h •
y.-r**
It'!
a - n*’-
!• ; ,
t
n.
'
Uus pi "»
.•i
■
I
'I -
r
:
.1 sf to til
; ..pH-
"¿-Id*
1 1 '
j irc!t i^*
fa., - . f
a »• •“
11 "
".;d he, * 2
seem ; »'» '’,e’ * do.
.,niy 1
" "•
j us akd
fight.
u
1
1
togcthcr c**a
n- t do,
''f ¡I* ‘ £st
propose tl'-‘
aU atud»
n,w»rnv appears