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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (April 1, 1963)
10 A MONDAY. APRIL 1. 10M PiciyiL war! KmSf- till tmmmiY - m. 1 1 i tm-m A BASIC PRODUCTS SCARCE - By early 1883, inflation had set in in the South. The Northern blockade and the ineffective ness of the southern railroads had caused fcarcities in many basic products and driv en prices up. Corn meal was $17 a bushel, coal $20.30 a ton and wood was $30 a cord. The wealthy could get a good meal in a restaurant for $25 but the poor was almost starving. The situation was to get no bet ter, and was to cause riots for bread. Above, in a drawing from the Library of Congress collection, another aspect of the inflation is shown. It is a public auction for a "hard" $5 gold piece. In the South such coins often brought many times their value. (UPI Revised Constitution Strengthens People's Rights ... . hoi,., Annthpr addition Will new federal govern-1 Rights a guarantee of proced-; some oi tne propui wm . j , that compe ot the state govern- Lai fairness, such as that , c. lied a (This ii lh seventh in a serie. oi articles about the revised Constitution pro posed by the Oregon Con stitutional Ravision Com mission. Tht articlas war written by Hans A. Linda, professor of constitutional law at the University of Ortgon and a member of the Commission.) When we speak of the con' stitutional guarantees of In dividual freedom, most of us think of the first ten amend ments of the United States Constition the Bill of Rights about which students are taught in school. Few people recall that this federal Bill of Rights was added to the U.S. Constitution in order to limit the powers Lack of Food Results in Riots By MERTON T. AKERS UPI Correspondent "The gaunt form of wretch ed famine still approaches with rapid strides, ' John B Jones, the dairy-keeping clerk In the Confederate war cle partment in Richmond, Vs. wrote on March 30, 1863. Jones was a white collar worker and wbs having trou ble making ends meet on his alary which was shrinking because of Inflation. "I am ipading up my little garden, and hope to raise a few vege tables to eke out a miserable existance for my family," he wrote the same day, adding "it is strange that on the 30th of March, even in the 'sunny south,' fruit trees arc as bare of blossoms and foliage as at midwinter." The next day, still morose, he noted some prices of nec essities, heading the list as "another stride of the grim apector": Corn meal, $17 per bushel: coal, $20.50 a ton; wood, $30 a cord; common tallow candles, $4 a pound. No Food Troubles Affluent Richmond people were having no food troubles Mary Boykin Chestnut noled In her diary that she received wine, rice, potatoes, ham, eggs, butter and pickles about once a month from the Chest nut plantation in South Caro lina. Nor was there any dearth of luxury goods in Richmond ih-va. Stores displayed ex pensive silks and jewelry, English mutton - iced and run through the blockade - tropi cal fruits and champagnes. Few had enough money to buy the luxuries but enough did to make business brisk. Some remarked it seemed atrange that luxuries came up from blockade runner ports but staples like bacon, meal and flour, known to be plenti ful in North Carolina, did not, the reason being given as the feeble state of the southern railroads. The rich could buy a good meal for $25 In Confederate money at a first class Rich mond hotel but the poor peo ple and low-paid workers found it difficult to get enough bread to live. A few weeks earlier Presi dent Jefferson Davis had pro claimed a day of fasting and prayer. Church services were well attended that day b"'. ihe sardonic jibed: "Fasting in the midst of famine!" Quiet But Determined A crowd of several hun dred women and bnys gather ed early that day in Capitol Square. They were quiet and orderly but determined. An emaciated girl of about 18 told a bystander, who ask ed why the crowd was form ing that they were serving and that they were going to raid the bakeries and each seize a loaf of bread. By 9 a.m. the crowd num bered about 1,000 nearly all women but with a sprinkling of men, boys and free Negroes. Led by a six-foot woman who wore a white feather in her hat, (he crowd marched out of Capllol Square past the west gate, down Ninth St. past the war department and flow ed into Main and Cary sts. Accounts differ about the stalwart leader's name. The Richmond Examiner later said her name was Minerva Meredith and described her a local character. Other accounts call her Mrs. Mary Jackson, a painter's wife Whatever her name, she was reported to be armed with a pistol and Bowie knife. Alnn. Main and Cary sts. the mob BiYi&sbed show win dows and pilllaged shops. They impressed drays and carls along the way to haul Ihcir loot. Some seized food but most of the rioters eagarly pillaged shoes, clothing and jewelry. Shoes and clothing were scarce articles in Richmond Small Worlds Around Us By lynn W. Walkins 'Register at Tribune syndicate, 19631 THIS WEEK The ...in Fla9 Honor Flies of... Jjst off Jacksonville Highway" MEMORIAL PARK WEDDING CHAPEl COLUMBARIUM 1395 Arnold tare FUNERAL HOME MAUSOLEUM CREMATIONS Phone 773-7338 1 and jewelry always could be traded off for necessities. May Reget Offsr A part of the crowd was diverted to the Y.M.C.A where they received food but most of them rejected the offer and remained in the mob. Gov. John Letcher and Mayor Joseph Mayo met the crowd on Main st. Neither had any Influence with the rioters although the mayor read the riot act to them. Then a company of state troops was called from the ar mory and was posted in front of the mob. President Davis hastened to the scene. He mounted a dray and attempted to speak to the rioters. They threw crusts of bread at him, the leavings from the loaves they had stol en from the bakeries. But in a few minutes they quieted and listened. Varine Davis, wife of the president, wrote in later years: "He reminded them of how they bad taken jewelry and finery instead of supplying themselves with bread, for the lack of which they claim ed they were suffering. "He concluded by saying: 'You say you are hungry and have no money. Here is all I have; it is not much, but take it:' Given Five Minutes "He then, emptying his pockets, threw all the money they contained among the mob. after which he took out his watch and said: 'We do not desire to injure anyone, but this lawlessness must slop. I will give you five minutes to to disperse, otherwise you will be fired on." The troops were workers at the armory. Some of the wo men in the mob were wives of the soldiers who stood with loaded muskets awaiting an order to fire on their own people. The situation was tense. with the soldiers and the pres ident fair targets for any riot er. But within the five-minute limit Davis had set, the croud thought better ot its spree, and dispersed without the troops having to fire. Jones said the president "seem deeply moved; and in deed it was a frightful spec tacle and perhaps an omi nous one, if the government does not remove some of the quartermasters who have contributed very much to bring about the evil of scar city. . . "All is quiet now (three p.m.) and I understand the government is issuing rice lo the people." He reported that those who received government rice threw it into the streets in dis gust. The riots shook the govern ment. Secretary of War James A. Seddon "requested" th c Richmond newspapers t o avoid all reference "directly or indirectly" to the riots for "obvious reasons." But by Saturday April 4 the news broke in the Exam iner, which nntSfumH rifcifle ! when some of the rioters ap peared i:i police court. Laid To 'Foreigners' The Examiner laid the riots to "foreigners and Yankees" and criticized the government for not shooting down the mobsters on the spot. "If the officers of the law. with the ample force and power in their hands, had not enough decision and en ergy to do more than arrest highway robbers and dis perse a mob of idlers at their heels, whose presence there deserved Immediate death quite as well, no words or arguments can furnish them with the pluck they need." Scorpion Walks on Water Thanks to Supporting Film The skeptical youngster who carefully places a needle on the surface of water is sur prised to find that the needle floats. The fact that there is al ways a supporting film on the water's surface is a con dition in the hard-to-believe fact. This supporting ability of the water film is utilized by some insects which have perfected the technique of walking on water. of the ment, not ments. Thus the First Amend L' r irst rtrnenu-i plied by tne supreme vspiu im , . ment begins: "Congress shall j jn federal law, by adding inis oi inia wmu ,", Tl.-tTLl... . wi as when it is Another addition will re nsaiion oe ...,.-... ic paid wncn private sjiuhcj - damaged lor puouc use taken by make no law . . . abridging clause: on Ju" " v. , ;t Hnmim. as at nres- revised th. i. 1 .. I us- ,,, hA Hr. linn iiic licnuui ui aiiccui . , . HO pursuit uiJ I "" -.r. . T.IJ .:, Until the adoption of the prjved of any right or pnv-: never, ins. ss ""'" , - . Iummary. he Fourteenth Amendment, after ilege by any unlawful or un- deem j Constitution strengthens Ore- the Civil War. reliance! fair procedure ... : regulations ma . Bill of Rights in the against the powers of state j This would permit Oregon unreasonable in bs'ance, . Bin m, and local government over ; curls to enforce judical even h"Sh ,h "' , 70 Agnized I under modern con individual rights had to be , standards of fairness above preme . Court would not so rogn: placed on the bills of rights , the minimum which the Four- hole under the uTnee with eitating clauses. teenth Amendment applies 10 r- "."Herod 1 1. would extend to Oregon's ii . sine I irppnn nu iiiuii. - . ... than Mississippi. Substantive Due Process in state constitutions Guaranteed By State Today the U.S. Supreme Court has guaranteed some basic rights such as free dom of speech and religion, and from unreasonable searches and seizures also against state action, by find ing them included in the "lib erty" protected by the Four teenth Amendment. But many i others are still guaranteed only by the state, not the federal, Bill of Rights. Oregon's Bill of Rights, adopted with the Constitution of 1859, antedates the Four teenth Amendment and its subsequent interpretations. Although some of its language is awkward or archaic, its basic provisions are good. In some details it goes beyond the federal guarantees, but in others it falls short of them. And over the years some mat ters have been placed in the Bill of Rights that rightly be long elsewhere in the Con stitution. Thus the death pen alty and "liquor by the drink," appear ludicrously out of place in a Bill of Rights, along with funda mental human liberties. They were moved to Article XIV of the revised Constitution. The Constitutional Revision Commission did not take away any right of freedom guaranteed by anyone by the present Constitution. In the revised Constitution this a vague, dangerous, ana citizens a muo a....- . unwarranted extension of the rights and liberties as any - . . ; It.. I .M.ia, nf iitriPP: OVer lilt' EUU5U.UI.IVU m m- Later, however, a nwjw i . " .. nH I ltlex.. Loc,i oovernment. r il. f-. PC nn i zr an- nnnciun ui euicu avv , . - ... OI UUS UIIIlUiHWUU a-w j i ded to the same section what I local authorities. taxes and public control.) and nam ... iscv vamaW aaw7 0ET ,N( NvamfaM asrav genuine lamae. aeety IDflTfR IMflfl America's, lar get Setting TOILET TANK BALL Tht tfficitnt Wot.r Mailt, inilanfly ilepl Ihs flow of water alter tach flushing. 75c AT HARDWAM STORES une ot me experts in mis revised Constitution, it field of unusual accomplish-1 strengthened some rights, ad ments is the water scorpion, I ded some not now provided a fresh water insect which for. clarified and imnrnverf occupies a place in just about i the drafting and arrangement every section of the United States where fresh water ponds, lakes or streams offer suitable environment. So generally distributed is the water scorpion that anyone, anywhere, can visit a pond or small stream and find one or a hundred. May Be Surpristd They will be near the shore in shallow water. Your first impression may be one of mild surprise, for they closely resemble their obnox ious namesake, the true scor pion, even to the whiplike tail which is not a tail at all, but a breathing tube. It you are observant, you might also believe this is an un-buglike creature, as in sects have six legs and this one appears to have only four. But it does have six legs, ex cept that the front pair is developed into holding claws. These, too, resemble the claws of the true scorpion, probably accounting for the insect's name. To the other inhabitants of the pond or stream, the water scorpion is a terrible mon ster. About an inch and a half long, he pounces upon his victims, seizing them with powerful foreclaws. To the amazed human observer, this creature is silly-looking but capable of accomplishing some amazing acts, one of which is walking on Ihe water. When you first locate a water scorpion, he will prob ably be suspended an inch be neath the water surface. At the rear end of his body, what looks like a long tail but in reality is a snorkel tube will be extended upward. This is the creature's breathing device. Walks on Bottom At the slightest motion on your part he will dive to the bottom. There he will walk along on his exceedingly long legs. He may grab some luck It i aquatic insect with the jaekknife - like claws. The claws are surprisingly strong for so slender an insect. Sooner or later, he will run out of steam and have to come to the surface for a breath of air. He may arrest his as cent just before he reaches the surface and extend the snorkle up, or he may break through the water surface film and arrange his feet care fully on that thin skin. But his feet keep sinking. They are wet and he knows it. hut he also knows what to do. i Teamsters Ordered lie uitldlicrs Ills long. SUCK- ci n . , like body and raises one leg. ,0 JnOW Picket Cause holding it there in the air I Portland - HOT - Local 32- until It is dry. Then, one after of the Teamsters Union has another, he raises the other been ordered to show cause legs, drying each. Now he is why it should not be enjoined ready. With dry feet, he can from picketing two dairies in walk on the water film, op-, the Salem - Lebanon area plying the same principal as The National Labor Rela practiced by the small boy lions Board filed a show when he lays a needle on that : cai,Se order after pickets ap thin skin of surface film. i pcared at Curlv's Dairy and Lightly, this grotesque in- Timber Vallev Dairv The sect, UKC a oanerina, nances across the waters of the pond. of sections, and moved some provisions to other parts of the Constitution. Right To Counsel A significant change is that the traditional guarantees in criminal trials have been ex pressly extended to "any of fense punishable by loss of liberty." Tliis means that they will apply equally to ordin ance violations tried in muni cipal courts, which are not now considered "crimes," al though the sentence may be the same term in the same jail as is pronounced for a misdemeanor in a state court. The most important right so extended is the right to coun sel. The revised Constitution guarantees the right to one's own counsel In all proceed ings (not only court trials), and the right to counsel ap pointed at public expense for indigent defendants faced with a possible loss of libertv. The Commission believed that J anything less than this pro vides one kind of justice for those who can afford their own lawyers, and another kind for the poor. Yet justice at the level of the city and justice courts is the point at which most individuals have any direct experience with our legal system. Another new provision in the revised Constitution strengthens the guarantee against double jeopardy and mult;, j trials of a defend ant lor the same act. Due Process Clause One new provision in the Bill of Rights is among the most controversial in the re vised Constitution. It is re ferred to as the "due process" clause. "Due process" is traditional language in the U.S. Consti tution, as old as the Fifth Amendment. The U.S. Su preme court has interpreted It to mean primarily "fair procedure." But for a period of years early in this century, the Court sometimes also used this concept to strike down the substance of legislation that is considered unreason able. Particularly where so cial or economic laws (such as minimum-wage or utility rate regulations) were involved, this involved the courts deeo ly in contemporary contro versies. The Constitutional Revision Commission first voted to place in the Oregon Bill of the Examiner said in an edi torial. In a few days President Davis issued a proclaimation to stimulate patriotism and urging farmers to raise more food and less cotton and to bacco. Some of the rioters were tried and convicted, one worn an being sentenced to five years. firms had refused to join oth er dairies in an agreement with the union. More Comfort Wearing FALSE TEETH Here Is plnunt wmy to ovftvom oose plt dUcomlort. FASTEETH. aii improved powder, sprinkled on upper tvnd lower plutes holds them firmer so that they (Ml more eom forwble No gummy, gamy, pty Uste or (eellns It' alkaline' mon. MM D.vs not tour Check. "plat odor" (denture breath. Get PAS TL&ru today tt J dry countw the savin OH IN are greaF2i At Your Friendly MARK'S 6th & Grape Pork Chops 69 Loin Roast H . 45 Spare Ribs r - , 43 Center Cuts 14 WHIFF DOG FOOD $100 KITCHEH QUEEN FLOUR INSTANT MAXWELL HOUSE' COFFEE WHITE STAR TUNA 10 LB. BAG 79 10 oz. THE BEST ONLY 99 4i99 HUNT'S CATSUP THE BEST .:.,4 PHEASANT TOMATOES mm; 599 BAKER'S CHOCOLATE CHIPS,., 599 DENNISON CHILI REG. OR HOT 15 oz. 499 BONFIRE SALMON, mmm 59 ZEE WAX PAPER mo ft. roll 19 PACIFIC WHOLE BABY CLAMS wrm .389 CREAM FLAKE SHORTENING 3 ,., 47 HEINZ SOUP QUALITY AT A PRICE 699 vir,non fsfiinFN "! w ivvnvr vvhobii Reg. q.79 L Valencia wlm ms. mim . Full of Juice WIUIIUNW J Ba9 v U.S. NO. 1 NORTH DAKOTA RED POTATOES 10 49 L.4 aKt.1 i 'j '
