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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 8, 1963)
MEDFORO MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON Proper Spray Application Best Answer to Resistance Talks given before Ihii year's Oregon Horticultur al Society meeting In Cor valliss n insects' spray re sistance Htm appropriate ior printing this week on the iarm page because of the pesticide applicators' courie sponsored by the ex tension service Monday. Speakers at this year's Ore gon Horticultural Society meeting in Corvallis empha sized there is no single ans wer to insects' resistance to some chemical controls. Above all, the insecticide must be applied correctly, at the right time and the correct method of application used, three representatives of chem ical companies said. Speakers on resistance were J. J. Skelsey, Niagara Chemical division, Donald F. Dye, Stauffer Chemical com pany, and Richard Williams, of Chemagro Corporation. "One thing is certain the pests will not die if the spray does not contact them," Skel sey said. "Proper coverage of the tree with the spray will go far toward achieving max imum control." Skelsey urged orchardists to examine sprayers for prop er operation. Any one stand- Farm & Garden Safe Application Featured in Talks Like it or not the Food and Drug Administration has es tablished certain tolerance levels for chemical residues on crops and these must be followed, R. W. Every, OSU extension entomologist, told the large group of farmers, orchardists and spray appli cators yesterday afternoon in the extension service auditor ium here. The general public is mis informed on multiple residue tolerance levels set by FDA, Every said. The residue from each individual spray chem ical or dust may be under the individual tolerance levels set, but the percentages when add ed up may exceed the toler ance level. For instance, DDT residue on a crop may be 43 per cent of the safe level, Kelthane 40 per cent and Tedion 40 per cent. However, added up the total level is 123 per cent, or 23 per cent over the residue tolerance limit set by FDA, the entomologist illustrated. Different Tolerances Every noted, also, that the various spray or dust chem icals have different tolerance levels i n comparing the amount which, can be eaten "in food and the amount which can be absorbed through the skin (as by spray or dust applicators). Spray applicators should consider the dermal or skin absorption rating when about to apply certain chemicals and protect themselves according- ly, Every pointed out. The Public Health Service conducted studies to find out what the safe absorption rate i s, Evt ry noted. Average individuals get 184 micro grams of these chemicals per person per day in their food, the PHS noted. The greatest amount of absorption found was 667 parts per million and this was a man who handled DDT, it was noted. He showed no adverse effects. ' Uranalysis is easier to make to determine what the safe tolerances should be so more positive information on safe chemical absorption should be forthcoming, Every said. Or ganic phosphates break down easily and build up a load in the human system, Eve.y noted. Drift Problem Pesticide drift is another problem. Beef and dairy cattle feeding in pasture ad jacent to a sprayed or dusted orchard may consume some chemicals blown onto their grass. Beef tolerance is seven parts per million, but there is none in milk, Every said. "Be very, very careful of new materials," Every warn ed. "New techniques for measuring chemical residues are very, very sensitive. So, more attention to residues Is coming from the FDA." Don Berry, Jackson county extension agent warned the audience to be careful of what containers they put chemicals in and how they disposed of used containers. J. D. Patterson, of the state department of agriculture, said the responsibility for safe application of chemicals rests on the grower and can not be transferred to the spray applicator. Dr. A. Erin Market, Jackson county public health officer, described the symptoms of sickness from various groups of chemicals. He urged all growers and applicators to know the symptons, the anti dotes, to read the labels on the package or can of chem icals and to follow instruc tions in applying it. Applicators should wear protective rubber or plastic clothing, the proper respir ator, goggles and rubber boots when applying it. They should be Just as careful when mix ing, dumping it in the spray rigs and in pouring it out. Dr. Merkel warned. He urged all applicators to lake a cholinesterace level test before and after applying chemicals or between chem ical applications. This estab lishes the normal cholinerster ace level in the blood, when the level goes below normal then the applicator must stop spraying This test is given by the local public health office in the court house and the blood sample sent to the Salem laboratory, for examination. FROM THE GROUND UP By BART BARTLCTT Recently there was an ar ticle published that should be of some interest to many per sons. The subject of this ar ticle was the training of ani mals to do certain tasks in industrial plants. This means that in some Instances industry will have a choice among three means of getting some jobs done. A selection can be made and al ready is being made based on the economics of the particu lar job to be accomplished. The methods to be chosen from are human labor, auto mation, or animal labor. The animals' used to date have been pigeons, chimpan zees -and dogs. Perhaps por poises and even seals may be easily trained to do many use ful tasks. Pigeons haye done such precise work as inspect transistors and capsules or pills on production lines. It is reported that in this instance the pigeon inspector is supe rior to a machine as it can detect off sizes, colors or bro ken and dented pills and cap sules. It would require a sep arate machine to detect each of these errors if machines were used for the job. It is felt by the scientists who are working with the animals that chimpanzees could be taught to pick fruit and harvest many other farm crops. Problems Seen All such advances as t h e training of animals to. take part in our productive labor force will no doubt take place rather slowly with certain ex ceptions such as for very spe cialized tasks. The impact on industry and the human labor force will be both good and bad. As in the case of auto maton human labor may be replaced. This in turn creates the problem of unemploy ment. The politicians will get into the act and in an effort to make government be all things to all people will turn the simple problem into one of uncontrolled chaos. The simple economics of many tasks demand a cheaper method than the use of hu man labor. Farmers cannot keep paying higher and high er labor and tax bills and at the same time keep selling their product for prices that were adequate 15 years ago, Deer Controversy It seems we are in the midst of another fine contro versy regarding deer. Certain groups maintain that .the deer herds are practically gone due to the fact that there has been a doe season. The game commision and dthers contend that the doe season is necessary in order to keep the deer population from getting too large for the range. Many farmers in this area know that there are lota of deer from actual observations of the large herds that invade orchards and range land dur ing late summer. This can, of course, mean one of two things. Either there are larger numbers of deer during recent years or those that do exist are forced off their natural ranges to find food. If the latter case is true the ranges must be too heavily populated for the maintenance of healthy deer herds. What ever the cause of deer forays onto agricultural crop lands, the farmers arc often forced to take expensive measures to reduce th damags deer can cause to economic crops. ard arrangement of nozzles pressure and sprays volume will not apply for all orch ards or all varieties and sizes of trees, he said. Must Help "We growers will have to do our share in retarding this development of resistance. We cannot leave it up to the colleges, chemical companies, and our county agents to do everything. If we understand the problems involved, and assume a positive attitude in trying to do our part in applying the chemicals in the best possible manner, then I am sure we as a group will have done everything within our power to preserve the ef fectiveness of our pesticide chemicals, he concluded. "Even though we are faced with resistance to insecticides they are our main defense against insect pests," Stauf fer s Dye said. "In addition to insecticides, work is being conducted in other areas of insect control. Some entomol ogists are working with nat urally occurring parasites, predators and biological agents for the control of in sect pests. When used in con junction with a carefully selected insecticide this co ordinated . control program has been successful." Natural Enemies The use of natural enemies alone has never been com pletely satisfactory by our present standards, Dye said. Coordinated control, how ever, is worthy of more attention. Suspected resistance can be determined by conducting laboratory tests on the insect in question, Dye said. The suspected insect population can be compared with a pop ulation that is known to be susceptible and the degree of resistance determined. Stand ardized testing techniques in a recently published paper will make it possible to de tect resistance populations al though non-resistant species of insect are not available for a comparative test, he added. Study results on alternat ing insecticides have not been encouraging. Insects de veloped resistance to both in secticides as rapidly as to a single insecticide. Dye said. Some entomologists are working with naturally oc curring parasites, predators and biological agents for con trol of insect pests. When used with a carefully selected insecticide this coordinated control program has been successful, Dye noted. . "The use of natural en. emies alone has never been completely satisfactory by our present standards," he added. Some workers recently found they are able to disturb or alter certain physiological processes which will prevent development or interfere with the normal life cycle and cause Insects to die. This has not yet been proven in the field, however. Irradiation has been effect ive in some cases. The screw worm in Florida was eradi cated by this process, Dye said. Male flies were released which had been made sterile by irradiation. Plants resistant to insect damage are being developed, also. Evidence indicates plants can be bred which In sects would find undesirable. Insecticides Needed "Most of the control meas ures that have been devel oped require use of insecti cides to some extent," Dye said. "Insecticides are being sought that will have in creased activity against resist ant insects. Perhaps these might even be more effective against the resistant insects than the non-resistant. This would have the effect of re versing resistance and render ing the insects susceptible again to the 'old' insecti cides." Williams, of Chemagro, noted that "It has often times been said of our in dustry that it is unique, with respect to our being guilty until proven Innocent. All of our problems are interwoven; resistance, registration of pro ducts, correct methods of ap plication all these have tended to bind our professions together to the point where closer cooperation between industry and state and federal agencies exist. Williams noted that the in dustry was somewhat shaken with all the legislation at first. This could account for the lag in developing new products, but the industry is now making up for lost time, he said. Cost of registering a chem ical prior to the Miller bill was approximately 550,000. A very conservative estimate now for registering a chem ical If at least $250,000, and a cost of 11 and $2 million dollars are common for some products. This also increases the cost to the grower, Wil liams said. Skelsey noted that develop ment of more chemical sprays because of resistence to old ones raises the cost of such chemicals to the orchardist. TUESDAY. JANUARY 8. 1963 Chit Chat By JOE COWLEY Mail Tribune Farm Editor Well, the general press has finally discovered the Com mon Market just as it discovered, or rediscovered Asia at the beginning of Korea and the brush fire wars in southeast Asia. It's not unusual now to see lengthy feature articles on the Common Market in the large metropolitan papers. Read ing such papers three months ago you would have thought there never was such a thing. Few state farm meetings now fail to mention the Euro pean Common Market, This Includes fruit growers, cattlemen, and wheat growers. Kansans are pushing the U. S, toward closer trade ties with the Common Market. The state's Republican Gov. John Anderson Jr. said as early as August that his wheat state needs European markets for distribution of agricultural surpluses. Former GOP Presidential Nominee Alfred M. Landon is also one of Kansas' political leaders who were backing the president's trade expansion legislation, now law. Britain, under political pressure from the Labor Party and with the French opposing entrance of British Common wealth nations, now is not quite so eager to join ECM. But, Britain cannot postpone its decision on the Common Market any longer. The big question still remains. Will France ease its policy restrictions? British representatives are now par ticipating in an important series of preliminary dscussions on English entrance to ECM today through Friday. The ECM ministers start their series of decisive meetings Monday. Meanwhile France has been found guilty at a recent Council on General Trade and Tariffs Agreements of violat ing its GATT agreements in its restrictions on U. S. goods entering France; particluarly fruit. Pacific Coast fruit ship pers are Impatiently awaiting action by the state department on some form of retaliation to make France face up to the facts of free trade. . Although the Common Market has been pictured re peatedly as the advancing bulwark of western Democracy, the Commonwealth contains halt of the free world's people and cannot be ignored in the tight orbit of the ECM led by France. The Commonwealth would be asked to give up specific trade advantages they enjoy with Britain in ex change for indefinite gains in the future. Also standing on the rim peering uncertainly in are the new Independent African states which seem resolved to refuse association with Europe. And, uncertainty is like an open door to Com munism as India learned. One of the British Commonwealth is Canada, the largest single foreign market for the United States. Canada, too, is uncertain. The Progressive Conservative government of Prime Minister John G. Diefenbaker has always believed Britain's entry into the Common Market would be danger ous to Canada. However, titer losing its parliamentary majority, the Progressive Conservatives have modified this stand. It's Britain's decision, Diefenbaker has said. New Zealand depends on export of livestock products for its existence, not merely a profitable living. New Zealand would support British entry if such vital interests are protected. The trade-expansion law gives the president power to negotiate tariffs downward, helps possible British entry and acts as a spearhead for those countries hovering on the outskirts of ECM. 1 '," -f s . I . vv . ... A 11 ATTRACTIVE FAIR GROUNDS The top picture shows the attractive fair grounds of the Siskiyou County fair near Yreka, Calif. The picture was taken looking down past the buildings. The second picture shows an all-purpose building which can house meet ings and exhibits. A group of people inter ested In promoting an open fair and better fair grounds for Jackson county will be con tinuing their meetings soon at the Southern Oregon Production Credit association office in Medford. Beffer Times Seen For Oregon Sheep Sheepmen who survived the recent low price years face relatively better times, at least until supplies build up again, according to OSU Ag ricultural Economist Stephen Marks. Lamb prices in 1063 should average higher than in 1962, he said. Sheepmen who survived the recent low price years face relatively better times, at least until supplies build up again, Marks says. Flock Liquidations Flock liquidations in 1960, 1961 and 1962 have reduced the number -of sheep and lambs to a point where the Jan, 1, 1963 Inventory may show the smallest number since 1950. However, with price improvement, no further large scale liquidation is in prospect, but no large in crease in holding ewe Iambs for flock expansion is in pros pect either. Odds are that the 1963 lamb JMais. . fa 980 Cattle Sold At Midway Yard In Friday Event A total of 980 cattle were sold on a very active mar ket at Midway Auction yard. Steer calves sold from $28 to $30.50 per hundredweight. Good heifer calves brought $25 to $27.70. Yearling steers at 500 to 700 pounds sold for $25 to $27.50. Feeder steers weighing 800 to 950 pounds sold at $23 to $24.50. Yearling heifers sold from $23 to $24. A pen of 67 head of 670 pound heifers brought $24. Holstcln steer calves brought $22 to $24.50. Year ling Holstein steers weigh ing 550 to 650 pounds sold for $21.50 to $22.70. Holstein steers at 800 to 900 pounds went out at $20 to $21.70. Lots of Cows, Calves "There were lots of cows and calves in the sale," Own er - Manager Bill Bray said. "Good young pairs sold from $220 to $245. Some pens of thin cows with calves sold from $195 to $212.50 per pair. A pen of 23 Angus Spring cows sold for $211 per head and a pen of 10 Angus heif ers went out at $190." The registered Angus cows went from $220 to $300 per head. Slaughter bulls brought $20 to $21.90. STOCKMEN FEED PELLETS Your coirie or unpalatable roughage will make bate for a modern balanced ration that you can feed with little labor and no wairagt. The incrtaiod moat er milk pro duced will giva you mail mum returns on a small cash (nvoitmont. MORTON MILLING CO. $00 Ron Lane, Medford crop will be even smaller than In 1962, Lamb prices during the early part of 1963 will average much higher than a year earlier, with summer and fall prices likely to hold above the same seasons the past year, he predicts. Wool prices in 1963 prob ably will average about the same as In 1062, Domestic stocks are down and a smaller crop of shorn wool is in pros pect due to the reduction of sheep numbers, but prospects are for continued strong com petition from lower-priced man-made fibers and from larger imports of woolen fabrics. SPECIAL Rial Sharp Ud 202 MASSEY-MRGUSON WORK BULL Tractor WDalt Loader and Backhoe NASH FORD TRACTOR I IMPLtMENT CO. 300$ Crater Uka Hwy. It's interesting to draw a parallel with the Common Market development. Relation between British Prime Min ister Harold Macmillan and French President de Gaulle is the key to further strengthening of the European Economic Community just as the relations between the late President Roosevelt and Russia's Stalin were the key to reenforcing allied effort in World War II. Macmillan earlier proposed six points which he felt would meet the Commonwealth Interests: (1) worldwide measures to expand manufacturers' trade, world-wide meas ures to strengthen trade in foodstuffs including a price policy for Europe which would discourage self-sufficiency, association for African and Caribbean countries wanting it or special trade arrangements, new trade agreements for Asian countries aimed at Increasing their foreign currency receipts, special privileges for New Zealand, an enlarged Europe to include Denmark, Norway and the Republic of Ireland and as economic associates Sweden, Switzerland, Austria and Portugal. Now seven South American countries have set up a Latin American Free Trade Association to promote free trade among member countries, not necessarily to erect a tariff wall against outside countries. This may help to stimulate the greatly needed industrialization of Latin America countries. Current news illustrates the tightening of ties between Conrad Adenauer's Western Germany and France. It would seem natural therefore for Adenauer to stress disadvantages to Germany of British entry into the ECM. He has stated strongly that British entry would have an undesirable effect on German coal, textiles and agriculture. And de Gaulle is busy establishing France as a fourth empire. The de Gaulle election victory didn't help any. Farm price policy Is the remaining hurdle to be cleared for British entry and de Gaulle seems unwilling to lower the bars. France seems intent on excluding the grains and meats of the United Slates, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. This is of concern to the American farmer since trade, like a stream, seeks new channels. What cannot be sold abroad in Europe must be sold to the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Orvllle L. Freeman slated earlier such terms would also mean a trade war between the ECM and the U.S. One of the new channels of trade being sought by the Commonwealth is between Australia and Japan. The Aus tralian government knows it must secure new markets in Asia and North America to offset any bad effects of the possible British entry into the ECM, It has developed a mil lion dollar dairy products market in Burma, tor instance. A new shipping line has been opened to ship meat directly from Australian eastern ports to the U.S. East Coast markets. And Japan Is pushing for trade. It Is expected this year to strengthen ties with the ECM. Japan Is even willing to allow comparatively high trade barriers to remain against some of its trade goods. So Japan also has an interest in the Common Market. Perhaps a strong one. It, like Turkey, is a rampart against further spread of Communism, so what affects Its trade relations should be of vital concern to the U.S. Sweden, Ireland and Spain are all feeling the effects of the Common Market. Swedish reaction to the Common Market is Important to the Rogue Valley since a substantial amount of fruit Is shipped to Sweden every year and this year's shipment of all Pacific Coast fruit to Scandinavian countries has Increased substantially. Denmark and Norway have applied for EEC membership. And Sweden is seeking closer ties. Ireland has applied, also, for EEC entry. The Irish prime minister has proposed starting tariff reductions even before the entry. A survey was secheduled earlier this year to determine European demand for Irish foodstuffs, Generallwimo Francisco Franco Is relaxing his stern rule I over his country so Spain may find Its place In the EEC. One j minister opposing the entry has been removed. TBMELY HUM: THAT SHOULD BE USED NOW! CONCENTRATED BORASCU Concentrated Boriscu A soil sterllant for weed control on ditch banks and fence rows. A dry granular material. Now Is the Ideal lime to clean up those weedy ditch banks and fence rows.. BORDEAUX MIXTURE Bordeaux Mixture with spreader stick for dormant praying of peaches, apricots, res bushes and shrubs. Use now, (his will prevent a lot of trouble some problems next spring and summer. T PAX CRABGRASS KILLER Pax crabgrass killer. Easy to apply with a spreader, a 20-lb. bag covers 1,000 tq. ft. Don't waitl Tim ing is the most important factor In controlling this pest, And now is the tlmel I I Remember . . . you don't have to be a member to trade here and SAVE! GRANGE m CO-or ! '! ! I- CENTRAL POINT GRANGE CO-OP The place te go for all your farm steal naodi. A complete rock en hand of. OALVANIZIO IRON STIR POSTS BARB WIRI FENCING - v - 1 J (Gnaimge (C(IDjp Highway 99 CENTRAL POINT Phone 664-1261 or 773-4022 421 A Street ASHLAND Phone 482-2143
