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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 30, 1962)
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 30. 1962 Scales Turn to West During Year; Good Year for Russian People MEDFORD MAIL, TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, OREGON Initiative Is Held By West for First Time in Cold War (Editor's Note: Who won the 1962 bailie of the cold war - if there was a winner - the Soviet Union or the American-led west? Th answer seems to depend on where you are sitting. In this dispatch the Western view is summed up by K.C. Thaler, Chief European Diplomatic correspondent of United Press Internation al. The Soviet viewpoint is presented by UPI's acting manager in Moscow, Rob ert J. Korengold.) By K. C. THALER United Press International London - lUPI) - The scales of the 1962 balance have been lipped in the West's favor for the first time in many years of the bitter East-West cold war. The past 12 months, which witnessed the cold wars worst crisis since Stalin s Berlin blocade in 1948, left the West holding the initia tivc, with Russia on the dn fcnsive on the home and in ternational fronts. From the trial of strength between the two nuclear giants which brought them to the brink of atomic war, the United States emerged con siderably fortified. Russia drew back, faced with the threat of a nuclear showdown and has since been talking of "peaceful co-existence through compromise" as the preferable way to global settlement. Solution Not In Sight But at year's end, neither the Russo-American show down nor the professed de sire for negotiation have brought a solution of the ma jor cold war problems and none was in immediate sight. Three crucial events de cisively marked cold war de velopments in the past year: The Cuban conflict, the deep ening Sino-Soviel rift and the Red Chinese attack on India. Each tends to have long range effects on East-West re lations. In the Cuban conflict, Rus sia suffered one of the sever est diplomatic setbacks since the allied airlift collapsed the Stalin blockade of Berlin. Premier Nikita Khrushchev drew back in Cuba when confronted with the determi nation of the United State to ride the storm out. Numerical Superiority According to latest esti mates, if a showdown had come, the United States would have had a six-fold nu merical superiority over Rus sia in intercontinental ballis tic missiles while Russia would have had three time as many medium range rock ets as the United Stales. But, Moscow still has a case in Cuba and al a price a satellite-type Communist regime in the Caribbean that could serve as a potential jumping-off spot for spread ing communism in Latin America. From the Cuban setback, on the other hand, stemmed a deepening of the Sino-So-vict conflict, which al year's end had assumed crisis pro portions. Has Become Fiction Whatever the Communist attempt lo camouflage the differences, the existence of a communist "monolith"' has become a fiction. The con f 1 i c-1 which in the past was merely ideological and large ly limited to the Moscow- Peking axis has spread! throughout the Communist world and beyond, to Commu-1 nisi parties in the west, j Khrushchev, angered by Peking's implirit claim to ; communist leadership, has' given every indication he is ! determined to maintain Mos- j row as the Mecca of interna- ; tional Communism with him-' self as its chief prophet. 1 The third event. Red Chi na's attack on neutralist In dia, has perhaps more than ; any sinele move in the past 1 tended to tip the scales of the rold war against the Commu nists. : Destroys Fiction It destroyed the fiction of Communism's peaceful poli cies, demonstrated glaringly the fallacy of non-alignment in a world of power bloc strategy and undermined the him to solidarity of the neu tralist camp. None of the major neutrals hacked India unquestioning ly, although India had been the virtual leader of the neu tral camp. Lat but not lra;t, tradition ally nemrM India moved clo :r r the Wet than she ever wi inr sh Mlnfd inde n".nc orr.e 13 years sen, -ma la yt unforeeeible wirug jne fr the future o.jry i-ft-irs of the ?mat- wM$mmm CONTRAST Tractors pull plows in Russian field (left) in sharp contrast lo Chinese peasants working with prim itive hand tools in the field of one of Mao Tse-Tung's com- niunos. Agriculture has been one- of the internal problems of both Russian and Red China. (UP1) ly also has its shortcomings for the West. The NATO alignment displayed solidar ity with the United States in the Cuban affair, but the European allies were resent ful because of lack of Ameri can consultation with them on steps that almost led to war. Allied solidarity which withstood the Cuban test has shown considerable gaps in Europe, where Britain's en try into the European com munity has become a big question mark, despite American insistence that European integration is a vi tal factor in the future cold war battle. France's go-it-alone policy in the western defense align ment has proved another weak spot in the West's 19(12 balance. But, Russia, too, has had her internal problems, which show every inclination to overlap into 1963. Economically, the Soviet has suffered some severe set backs, notably in the agri cultural sector. And she has quietly dropped her pretense to overtaking the United Stales in the near future. In stead, Moscow has begun to look to capitalist working methods as a stimulus to her own lagging economy. These and the inner bloc troubles may force on the Kremlin a period of consoli dation that could be reflected in a more cautious approach to cold war problems, includ ing Berlin, in lfltiH. 4j m WW .jfeHf 1 y"' rt-5 ;L L 'ii b 0 v 'iJ SYNCHROTRON SITE - This is an aerial view of the Zero Gradient Synchrotron site at Argonne National Laboratory at Argonne, 111. Covering 42 acres, this atom smasher, one of the largest and most powerful in the world, will be completed in l!)(i:i. A 200-foot circle of magnets, around which sub-nuclear particles will be accelerated, will form the "heart" of the synchrotron. This magnet ring is being installed in an earth-covered structure in the center of the picture. At left is the framework for a high energy physics research center. (UPI) 1963 To Be Year of Deep Breath For America's Growing Space Program Editor's note - After the dramatic missile and space achievements of 1962, the new year may seem dull. Actually it will be a busy time preparing for almost unbelieveable c o n q u e sts due for 1964. In the follow ing dispatch, third and last of a scries, the manager of UPI's Cape Canaveral bu reau inventories the na. lion's space program in the year ahead. the second one probably will ; ! be cancelled if the first goes I all right. ! Astronaut L. Gordon Coop- 1 er Jr., a 35-yoar-old Air Force major, has been se'ected for the next U.S. manned orbit al mission a 17-circuit trip, i the most ambitious ever al ; temped in the free world. If al! goes well. Cooper I will fly five orbits farther i than the combined trips of By ALVIN B. WEBB JR. , Cape Canaveral - HOT -Newcomer l!HS:t will he the "year of the deep breath" for America's ever - growing space program and it's go ing to seem dull compared with booming 1IIK2. Americans will continue to pour millions of tax dollars into space projects, but they will have to wait until 19K4 or later to find out just what they bought. Many of those dollars will be fed into existing programs which will lie spending time on the ground for the "big push" ahead. Others will go into giant new space projects The most significant event to be expected in the year ahead i the ending of Proj ect Mercury, the nation's first man-into space program, and its replacement by the huge '-. and expensive new Gemini and Apnlln proirrls aimed at i conquering the moon this dec ' fide The t'nitrd State h s"r.pl!.'rd only iwn manned Computer Studied For County Assessor The Jackson county court is considering leasing a com puter for the county assessor's office, it was reported Friday, County Assessor Triad Hal ten said the machine, to he teased at $30 n month, is needed mainly to keep up with the greatly increased work load. Two computers now being used are wearing out, and rannot keep up with the work. The monthly rental fees could be applied to purchase, of the machine later. The court authorized sur vey of other courthouse of ; fires lo see what their com puter n certs might be. his three globe-girdling pred- i ecessors - astronauts John Glenn, M. Scott Carpenter and John M. Schirra - who flew in H2. But the day-long flight, set originally for the end of l!)H2, already has slipped badly. Il is now set for April, 19(i;i, ' and it stands a good chance of being postponed until May or June. ' A second day-long flight would be attempted only if something serious went wrong with Cooper's mission. Otherwise. U. S. space scien tists will turn their attention tf Gemini, the two-man space ship program. Prepares for Apollo Meanwhile, t h c federal spare agency is tooling up for the even more ambitious Apollo project, designed to put Americans on the moon hopefully ahead of the Rus sians -t before the end of tne decade. But here again, a date well beyond Ifhin is the target. The main space - bound tasks connected with Project Apollo this year will be in three .scheduled flights of the Saturn Cl "super-booster" -a 1 ,5 million-pound-thruvl rocket believed to be more powerful than anything Rus sia has flown to dale. The Saturn Cl, with three successes in as many attempts under its bulky belt, will go to the firing pad for the fourth time in the spring, probably around April, for still another booster-only test. The next shot, scheduled for late in the year, will carry a live, hydrogen - propelled upper stage for the first time. This, then, will be the full scale Saturn rocket which will launch three-man teams of U. S. astronauts into earth orbits aboard Apollo space ships starting in late 1KH4 More powerful Saturn C5 rocket.; under development will lift them to the moon in another five years or so. Signs of Easing Seen; New Goods Get Into Shops By ROBERT J. KORENGOLD United Press International Moscow-(VPP-To the averaue ; boviet citizen, liibz seemed a pretty good year. There was some belt-tightening, but also some signs of easing - such as in housing. And some frightening mo ments came over Cuba. But newspapers told the i nation that Nikita Khrush-1 chev's "statesmanlike hand-1 ling" of the emergency saved the world from a thermoiui-1 clear catastrophe. i There was the normal thin trickle of new goods into the shops. And once again the USSR showed itself a pioneer in space exploration with the marathon cosmic flight of Andrian Nikolayev and Pavel Popovich and the launching of a one-ton space probe to ward the planet Mars. Price Hike on Meet A roughly 30 per cent price hike on meat, butter and oth er dairy products early in the summer was a blow to the pocketbook of the nation's consumers. But most Russians, respond ing to an appeal from Khrush chev, pulled in their belts, and accepted his explanation that it was a necessary meas ure to boost the nation's lag ging agricultural production. A local stir was caused by such foreign invasions as Ben ny Goodman's jazz band and Russian-born composer and conductor Igor Stravinsky's return to his native land for the first time in 48 years. Nikita Sergeyevich, as the Russians often call their pre mier, displayed his expected energy all year long. Some Anxious Moments There were some anxious moments in January when it was rumored someone had tried lo assassinate him during an agricultural junket to By elorussia, But he soon turned up, ap parently unharmed and un bothered, al his Black Sea va cation residence. Summer seemed to be just one thing after another. There was the price boost, then the announcement that the Soviet Union was going lo hold atomic mililary maneu vers in the Arctic - billed as an answer to continued Anglo American testing - and the official claim that the nation had developed an underwater missile similar to the Ameri can "Polaris." The most memorable event, however, was the joint flights of the "space twins," Nikola yev and Popovich, who sang to each other as they whizzed around the globe in separate rocket ships. Tell of Bad Days Poets told of the had days of Stalin. But in art and music the signs at year's end pointed to a tightening of party control in the wake of attacks by Khrushchev himself on mod ern abstract artists and West ern jazz. On the international scene it seemed to be a matter of some gains and some losses. The peaceful settlement of the Laos crisis early in the year appeared a good start. But Cuba was a real scare for a nation bitterly aware ; of what destruction a war can j i bring. ' Pledge From President ' , Pravda told the nation ! , Khrushchev saved the world s ; from a war over Cuba. What's more, as the Rus-' k'M i , 14 H , " J ' f- V s Si. , - i'i - i i ; 1 u -J i. t " i - f , - , " !l 1 , , hiini f-----v - ... j- . -'-' FRIENDLY MEETING There is little evi dence of tile serious Sino-Soviel quarrel in this friendly meeting of Nikita Khrushchev, Premier of the Soviet Union (right), and Red China's Mao Tse-Tung. Since the spring of l!)ti0 there have been rumblings of '"ideological" troubles between the two giants of International Communism. (UPf) sians saw it, Khrushchev got I a pledge from U.S. President Kennedy not to carry out any American aggression against Cuba, a diplomatic victory which allowed the Soviet Un ion to remove its defensive missiles from Cuban soil. Of course the Soviet press left a lot of questions un answered - including why the risk had been taken to put the missiles into Cuba to be gin with, and why First Depu ty Premier Anastas Mikoyan had to spend so long in Ha vana talking with Cuban Pre mier Fidel Castro. It was also unclear, from j the reports available V So viet citizens, just why a big , country like America was so heated up about a tiny one like Cuba, which had claimed ' il only wanted lo be let alone. Fight Over Border For that matter, it was hard to tell from the Pravda reports jusl why a big Com munist partner like China and a good neutral friend like In dia were fighting over some apparently desolate border territory. Pravda summed il up neat ly enough for most Soviets, however, by claiming editori ally that the main thing was to slop the fighting and sit down al a conference table to settle the dispute. As for the long-simmering question of Berlin and a Ger man peace settlement, Rus sians liad divined from their press and radio reports that post-Cuba Berlin policy was going to be slow and cautious for some time to come. Skyholf Success Less Than Claimed I Washington lUI'D- The test of the controversial Skybolt . missile above Cape Canaveral, Flu., lust Saturday was con-! sidernbly less than the big I success claimed for it, inform-1 ed sources have stated. Arcording to reports, the i air-to-ground missile would j have missed its target by ap- i proximately inn miles if it had actually come down. Ac-' tually it burned up at a high altitude because it carried mi; nose cone to protect it on re entry Into the earth's atmos phere. The Air Force announce ment of the successful test was released without prior Defense Department approv al of the statement, il was learned. HEADS INVESTIGATION Washington TP! Dr. Fran res O. 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