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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 25, 1962)
73 K. THURSDAY. OCTOBER 2S. 1962 MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, OREGON Eminent Scientists to Determine Relationship of Smoke, Lung Cancer Editor'! not: Three ytirt go the U.S. Public Heellh service advised Americans that the iurt way to avoid lung cancer wai to quit smoking. Thii addad naw fuel to an alraady-raging tobacco vi. cancar contro versy. Tha Surgaon Ganaral hat now decidad to appoint a panel of aminant icientifti to delarmina whether tha original statement should ba raatfirmad. modified, or completely withdrawn. Vital health and economic issues hinge on the out-coma.) By DAVID D. LEWIS United Press International WashinRton - OIPIl - The chief government guardian o( national health is about to jump into one of the medical profession's long unsettled debates the controversy over whether tobacco smoke kills, cripples or just pacifies hu mans. Surgeon General Luther L. Terry of the U.S. Public Health Service is expected to name soon an expert panel to make a full investigation of all previous data concerning the relationship of smoking to health problems, including whether it causes lung cancer. He has said the group also will look at other possible health hazards such as auto mobile exhaust, industrial smog and other air pollutants. When the new findings are analyzed, this panel, or a new one, will make recommenda tions. Then it will be up to Dr. Terry to decide what ac tion, if any. is warranted. Will Head Study The Surgeon General him self will head the study which is being financed by the Fed eral government. The other 1 1 panel members will represent the whole spectrum of the scientific fields involved. Billed as "unbiased," the panel will be selected from among more than 150 emin ent scientists. By mid-October, 10 of the II had been chosen, although It had been expected the group would be at work on the initial six-month pha.se a month earlier. One PHS official helping to coordinate the selections told UPI that "these people had to be like Caesar s wife pure beyond doubt In their lack of blus or any prejudiced notions of the relation of smoking to health. At lcasl, If they had such notions, they must have kept them quiet." Before invitations In serve on the panel were Issued, In terested patties were allowed to "veto" any candidate for "any reason whatever," the official said. Opinions on Qualifications Opinions of candidate qual ifications were solicited from the Tobacco Institute, Inc. American Cancer society, American Heart association, American Medical association, American College of Chest Surgeons, the National Tuber culosis association, the Food and Drug administration, the Federal Trade commission, and Presidcnl Kennedy's Of fice of Science and Technol ogy. First phase of the study will Investigate "the nature and magnitude of the health ha. ard." It will he a purely scien tific review of available data and probably will include pub lic hearings. From this will be distilled a philosophy on the smoking-health problem at tested to be the collective pro fessional reputation of the ex perts. The second phase -- per haps carried out by a differ ent group and likely to in clude representatives of the President's committee, the FDA and FTC will seek to chart a course for the govern ment, the public, the tobacco Industry, and the medical pro fession. The problem is fraught with political, economic and social implications, as well as its ob vious implications to the na tion's health. Such statistics as these indicate the breadth of the issue: There are an estimated 70 million to 100 million tobacco users in the United Stales. Some experts assert that 75 per cent of all American men and 50 per cent of the women are regular smokers at some time In their lives. The tobacco industry has an estimated annual income of more than $7.5 billion and is a heavy advertiser In the var ious media of communica tions. Federal and slate income from tobacco taxes runs about $3 billion a year. The economy of six stales which are lop tobacco pro ducers is materially affected by the Industry, these are Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia. Fif teen other states are Involved as lesser producers. Depend on Tobacco --17 million Americans de pend on tobacco for all or part of their livelihood, in cluding 800,000 farm families in the 21 producing stales. Tobacco is the nation's fourth largest agricultural crop. The debate over the relative danger or benefit of tobacco to mankind has been ranging for more than 400 years, from the time smoking was intro duced to western civilization by Spanish explorers of Amer ica In the early 1500's. In a report on smoking in relation to cancer and other diseases published last March, the British Royal College of Physicians said tobacco almost from the beginning became both very popular and very controversial. Last month, the U.S. Agri culture department reported cigarette sales rose 2 per cent in 1002 to an all-lime high after a steady rise of .1 or 4 per cent from II155-11I61. The department estimated 1062 production at 5.10 billion cig arettes, up 1 1 billion, and 7.:. billion cigars, up about 140 million. Other lobacco production in the United Stales fell off, how ever, it said. Pipe tobacco pro duction dropped 3 million pounds to 71 million pounds; chewing tobacco fell to a new low of 64.5 million pounds, down about I per cent; and snuff production hit a 47-year low of about 32.8 million pounds, down 3 per cent. Agriculture officials hedged on whether tobacco produc tion would Increase again next year. They said a rise seemed likely in 1083 but that the re vival of the debate over the impact of smoking on health might affect the market. Long as the controversy has been under way it has not hecn until fairly recent years mat the U. s. government has stepped In as a debater. rive years ago, then Sur geon General I.eroy E. Burney said "the Public Health Serv ice feels the weight of Ihe evi dence is increasingly nnintine In one direction: that exces sive smoking is one of Ihe causative factors in lung can-! ccr." Two yrars later. In a special I report on the smoking-health I situation in November, 105!). Burney issued a series of ' statements which Ihe PUS be lieved "Justified by studies to dale." These IMP,' statements were: The weight of evidence at present implicates smoking as the principal etiological fac tor in the increased Incidence of lung cancer. - Cigarette smoking partic ularly is associated with an increased chance of develop- s m o k e d at all (cicarettes, ing lung cancer. cigars or pipe) have the best -Stopoina cigarette smok-' chance of escaping lung can ing even after long exposure is beneficial. No method of treating to bacco or filtering the smoke has been demonstrated to be effective in materially reduc ing or eliminating the hazard of lung cancer. The non-smoker has a lower incidence of lung can cer than the smoker in alt con trolled studies, whether an alyzed in terms of rural areas, urban regions, industrial oc cupations, or sex. Unless the use of tobacco can be made safe, the individ ual person's risk of lung can cer can best be reduced by the elimination of smoking. Stand By Statements Dr. James Hundley, assist ant surgeon general for plans, said recently that the PHS evaluation of the Burney re port. The official said this re evalualion never made pub lic was based on new evi dence, including the British Royal College report, the de cision of Denmark and Italy to ban cigarette advertise ments, and other reports by scientists. Sen. Maurine Ncuberger, D- D- stood bv the 1959 statements Ore., Sen. Frank E. Moss, and would do so until new Utah, and a number of co findings are developed. i sponsors have introduced a Last April, however, a PUS i bill which would create a official said, Surgeon General 1 presidential commission to do tended to accomplish Numerous studies in recent years have added or detracted from the weight of evidence supporting a smoking-canccr link or a relationship lo other disorders, including heart di sease and respiratory ail ments. Recent Pronouncement Among the most recent pro nouncemcnls pro and con were these: Dr. Warren H. Cole, for mer president of the Amer ican Cancer society, said on Sept. 23 at Chicago that 24 .. . ., . j . I is miDonani to note mat -Persons who have never I Terry gave former Health. Ed- j generally the same job as me , studies mane since i"""" . i-.-iiy rnarHu,r ' " rs have been produced ucation and Welfare Secretary j surgeon general s pane, is in- I'le.u ' - - " -- - -- - . . ,aboratory animals with a Abraham A. Ribicoff a re-1 tended lo accompusn j., on. nip I -V.T..tion number ol harmless, everyday Numerous studies in recent smoKing ana cancer ui me , nmciu.au . --- inelnriine Eiucose I , .j-j i.., n .ruiirini m nn Sent. 24 that filtered cig- substances, inuuaing glucose. ...... u u- -iij,roii vietrieri onlv Uses and medicinal skin , ,7 " ""f i on- Mrd the amount of tar creams. It is apparent that an- smoking cig- pcople stopped arcttes. The Tobacco Institute re plied from New York with a statement that "repetition does not alter the fact that medical science docs not know the cause ... of lung cancer. If Dr. Cole knows what will happen in the field of cancer 20 years from now, he appar ently has information not gen- ln standard cigarette smoke but still enough to cause can cer in some mice. They said each of six brands they studied induced tumors in the mice and some of the tumors became cancerous. The Tobacco Industry Re search committee (TIRO chairman, T. V. 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