73 K.
THURSDAY. OCTOBER 2S. 1962
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, OREGON
Eminent Scientists to Determine Relationship of Smoke, Lung Cancer
Editor'! not: Three ytirt
go the U.S. Public Heellh
service advised Americans
that the iurt way to avoid
lung cancer wai to quit
smoking. Thii addad naw
fuel to an alraady-raging
tobacco vi. cancar contro
versy. Tha Surgaon Ganaral
hat now decidad to appoint
a panel of aminant icientifti
to delarmina whether tha
original statement should
ba raatfirmad. modified, or
completely withdrawn.
Vital health and economic
issues hinge on the out-coma.)
By DAVID D. LEWIS
United Press International
WashinRton - OIPIl - The
chief government guardian o(
national health is about to
jump into one of the medical
profession's long unsettled
debates the controversy over
whether tobacco smoke kills,
cripples or just pacifies hu
mans. Surgeon General Luther L.
Terry of the U.S. Public
Health Service is expected to
name soon an expert panel
to make a full investigation of
all previous data concerning
the relationship of smoking
to health problems, including
whether it causes lung cancer.
He has said the group also
will look at other possible
health hazards such as auto
mobile exhaust, industrial
smog and other air pollutants.
When the new findings are
analyzed, this panel, or a new
one, will make recommenda
tions. Then it will be up to
Dr. Terry to decide what ac
tion, if any. is warranted.
Will Head Study
The Surgeon General him
self will head the study which
is being financed by the Fed
eral government. The other 1 1
panel members will represent
the whole spectrum of the
scientific fields involved.
Billed as "unbiased," the
panel will be selected from
among more than 150 emin
ent scientists. By mid-October,
10 of the II had been chosen,
although It had been expected
the group would be at work
on the initial six-month pha.se
a month earlier.
One PHS official helping to
coordinate the selections told
UPI that "these people had to
be like Caesar s wife pure
beyond doubt In their lack of
blus or any prejudiced notions
of the relation of smoking to
health. At lcasl, If they had
such notions, they must have
kept them quiet."
Before invitations In serve
on the panel were Issued, In
terested patties were allowed
to "veto" any candidate for
"any reason whatever," the
official said.
Opinions on Qualifications
Opinions of candidate qual
ifications were solicited from
the Tobacco Institute, Inc.
American Cancer society,
American Heart association,
American Medical association,
American College of Chest
Surgeons, the National Tuber
culosis association, the Food
and Drug administration, the
Federal Trade commission,
and Presidcnl Kennedy's Of
fice of Science and Technol
ogy. First phase of the study will
Investigate "the nature and
magnitude of the health ha.
ard." It will he a purely scien
tific review of available data
and probably will include pub
lic hearings. From this will be
distilled a philosophy on the
smoking-health problem at
tested to be the collective pro
fessional reputation of the ex
perts. The second phase -- per
haps carried out by a differ
ent group and likely to in
clude representatives of the
President's committee, the
FDA and FTC will seek to
chart a course for the govern
ment, the public, the tobacco
Industry, and the medical pro
fession. The problem is fraught with
political, economic and social
implications, as well as its ob
vious implications to the na
tion's health. Such statistics
as these indicate the breadth
of the issue:
There are an estimated 70
million to 100 million tobacco
users in the United Stales.
Some experts assert that 75
per cent of all American men
and 50 per cent of the women
are regular smokers at some
time In their lives.
The tobacco industry has
an estimated annual income of
more than $7.5 billion and is a
heavy advertiser In the var
ious media of communica
tions. Federal and slate income
from tobacco taxes runs about
$3 billion a year.
The economy of six stales
which are lop tobacco pro
ducers is materially affected
by the Industry, these are
Georgia, Kentucky, North
Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee and Virginia. Fif
teen other states are Involved
as lesser producers.
Depend on Tobacco
--17 million Americans de
pend on tobacco for all or
part of their livelihood, in
cluding 800,000 farm families
in the 21 producing stales.
Tobacco is the nation's
fourth largest agricultural
crop.
The debate over the relative
danger or benefit of tobacco
to mankind has been ranging
for more than 400 years, from
the time smoking was intro
duced to western civilization
by Spanish explorers of Amer
ica In the early 1500's.
In a report on smoking in
relation to cancer and other
diseases published last March,
the British Royal College of
Physicians said tobacco almost
from the beginning became
both very popular and very
controversial.
Last month, the U.S. Agri
culture department reported
cigarette sales rose 2 per cent
in 1002 to an all-lime high
after a steady rise of .1 or 4
per cent from II155-11I61. The
department estimated 1062
production at 5.10 billion cig
arettes, up 1 1 billion, and 7.:.
billion cigars, up about 140
million.
Other lobacco production in
the United Stales fell off, how
ever, it said. Pipe tobacco pro
duction dropped 3 million
pounds to 71 million pounds;
chewing tobacco fell to a new
low of 64.5 million pounds,
down about I per cent; and
snuff production hit a 47-year
low of about 32.8 million
pounds, down 3 per cent.
Agriculture officials hedged
on whether tobacco produc
tion would Increase again next
year. They said a rise seemed
likely in 1083 but that the re
vival of the debate over the
impact of smoking on health
might affect the market.
Long as the controversy has
been under way it has not
hecn until fairly recent years
mat the U. s. government has
stepped In as a debater.
rive years ago, then Sur
geon General I.eroy E. Burney
said "the Public Health Serv
ice feels the weight of Ihe evi
dence is increasingly nnintine
In one direction: that exces
sive smoking is one of Ihe
causative factors in lung can-!
ccr."
Two yrars later. In a special I
report on the smoking-health I
situation in November, 105!).
Burney issued a series of '
statements which Ihe PUS be
lieved "Justified by studies to
dale." These IMP,' statements
were:
The weight of evidence at
present implicates smoking as
the principal etiological fac
tor in the increased Incidence
of lung cancer.
- Cigarette smoking partic
ularly is associated with an
increased chance of develop- s m o k e d at all (cicarettes,
ing lung cancer. cigars or pipe) have the best
-Stopoina cigarette smok-' chance of escaping lung can
ing even after long exposure
is beneficial.
No method of treating to
bacco or filtering the smoke
has been demonstrated to be
effective in materially reduc
ing or eliminating the hazard
of lung cancer.
The non-smoker has a
lower incidence of lung can
cer than the smoker in alt con
trolled studies, whether an
alyzed in terms of rural areas,
urban regions, industrial oc
cupations, or sex.
Unless the use of tobacco
can be made safe, the individ
ual person's risk of lung can
cer can best be reduced by the
elimination of smoking.
Stand By Statements
Dr. James Hundley, assist
ant surgeon general for plans,
said recently that the PHS
evaluation of the Burney re
port. The official said this re
evalualion never made pub
lic was based on new evi
dence, including the British
Royal College report, the de
cision of Denmark and Italy
to ban cigarette advertise
ments, and other reports by
scientists.
Sen. Maurine Ncuberger, D-
D-
stood bv the 1959 statements Ore., Sen. Frank E. Moss,
and would do so until new Utah, and a number of co
findings are developed. i sponsors have introduced a
Last April, however, a PUS i bill which would create a
official said, Surgeon General 1 presidential commission to do
tended to accomplish
Numerous studies in recent
years have added or detracted
from the weight of evidence
supporting a smoking-canccr
link or a relationship lo other
disorders, including heart di
sease and respiratory ail
ments. Recent Pronouncement
Among the most recent pro
nouncemcnls pro and con
were these:
Dr. Warren H. Cole, for
mer president of the Amer
ican Cancer society, said on
Sept. 23 at Chicago that 24
.. . ., . j . I is miDonani to note mat
-Persons who have never I Terry gave former Health. Ed- j generally the same job as me , studies mane since i"""" . i-.-iiy rnarHu,r ' " rs have been produced
ucation and Welfare Secretary j surgeon general s pane, is in- I'le.u ' - - " -- - -- - . . ,aboratory animals with a
Abraham A. Ribicoff a re-1 tended lo accompusn j., on. nip I -V.T..tion number ol harmless, everyday
Numerous studies in recent smoKing ana cancer ui me , nmciu.au . --- inelnriine Eiucose
I , .j-j i.., n .ruiirini m nn Sent. 24 that filtered cig- substances, inuuaing glucose.
...... u u- -iij,roii vietrieri onlv Uses and medicinal skin
, ,7 " ""f i on- Mrd the amount of tar creams. It is apparent that an-
smoking cig-
pcople stopped
arcttes.
The Tobacco Institute re
plied from New York with a
statement that "repetition
does not alter the fact that
medical science docs not know
the cause ... of lung cancer.
If Dr. Cole knows what will
happen in the field of cancer
20 years from now, he appar
ently has information not gen-
ln standard cigarette smoke
but still enough to cause can
cer in some mice. They said
each of six brands they
studied induced tumors in the
mice and some of the tumors
became cancerous.
The Tobacco Industry Re
search committee (TIRO
chairman, T. V. Hartnetl, re
plied to the filter-tip report
that "scientists advise us that
imal skin painting is not di
rectly relevant to the problem
of human cancer, particular
ly lung cancer."
Against this backdrop of
controversy, the carefully
chosen scientific panel, guid
ed by the nation's chief health
officer the Surgeon Gen
eral - will search for new in
sight into the age-old tobacco
health debate.
ARMY ON MOVE In response lo President Kennedy's
order concerning the "quarantine" of Cuba, the southeastern
part of the rountry has been literally Jumping with military
movement. Shown above is a troop and equipment train
moving to bases south of Oak Hill, Fl . w ith some 10 ran
of troops and additional cars, with armed guard on top,
renter of picture, carrying artillery guns, ammunition and
trucks. (UPI)
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