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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (June 25, 1962)
Q JJ MONDAY. JUNE 2S. 1062 MEDFOBD MAIL 1RIKUNE. MEDFOBD, OREGON - Scorched Earth' Policy Practiced By Secret Army Organization By ALAIN RAYMOND United Press International Algiers, Algeria - (ITO - Al geria today stands on the brink of nationhood. Its birth as a new state is likely to be a grim one, mark ed by a welter of bloodshed, fire and unparalleled destruc tion. A new and even bloodier Congo may be in the making. On the morning of July 2 or soon afterwards - France will hand over independence to the rich North African ter ritory she has ruled for 132 years. At that moment an inde pendent Moslem-ruled Aider ian republic will rise from the ashes of seven and one half years of bloody colonial war and take its place in the ranks of the world's free na tions. But there is likely to be little joy in the first hours and days-perhaps even weeks or months - of independence. Thousand! Flee A panic flight of lens of thousands of Algeria's million- strong European population is tinner way. Men, women and children who were born and have lived all their lives here are fleeing from a feared mas sacre by the Moslems who out number them nine-to-one. The terrorist Secret Army Organization (OAS), formed of European extremists, has proclaimed a "scorched earth" policy of fire and destruction that may cripple the young state economically for years to come. The OAS has ordered that farms, public buildings, stores, warehouses, even crops standing in the fields should be destroyed rather than fall into Moslem hands. Next Sunday, July I, the peoples of Algeria must vote in a referendum to answer the question "Do you want inde pendence and continued coop eration with France?" Most of Algeria's Euro peans, who numbered one million before the recent mass exodus, are expected to ab its 9 million Moslems are cer tain to vote "yes." From the moment the final result of the voting is pro claimed - possibly on July 2, although the counting may take longer-French rule over this territory will cease. Sovereignty and the respon sibility for law and order will be handed over to the mixed Moslem-European provisional executive with headquarters at Rocher Noir, 30 miles east of Algiers. Temporary Government The provisional executive has been acting as a tempo rary government since early April. Its first task after the ref erendum and proclamation of indepence will be to organize countrywide general elections -probably on July 22 - for a constituent assembly. From that constituent as sembly will emerge the first representative government of the new Republic of Algeria. It is expected to include many members of the present Na tionalist government-in-exile, which will remain at its Tunis headquarters until after the elections. The birth of Algeria as a free nation will ring down the curtain finally on the long-drawn-out conflict which bled France's economy of more than $19 billion and cost the lives of 17,250 French sol diers, 141,000 Algerian rebels and an estimated 200,000 civ ilians. The Algerian war began on All Saints Day, Nov. 1, 1054. when 30 bands of armed Mos lem rebels struck simultane ously in different parts of the territory, killing hundreds in the first orgy of violence. France rushed reinforce ments here and for more than seven years maintained 500, 000 men - the flower of her Army - in Algeria. It was largely a vicious guerrilla war of sneak attacks' by rebels on isolated farms and outposts or murders in quiet streets. The rebels set up a govern- thetic Tunisia which had just bulk of the Europeans in Al-! But de Gaulle, convinced ; effect, ending seven and one-1 won freedom from France), gcria bitterly opposed indc- j independence was the only so- half years of bloodshed. i Their forces in the field were pendente and the end of '. lution, pushed relentlessly ! Main Points believed never to have ex-1 French rule. .ahead. i The principal terms of the ! ceeded 10,000 men at a time. , jn January, 1960, armed A first round of peace talks , settlement were: i Rill annlhpi- ftflnnn tr. An ftni 1 . 1 1 ... -,,uu , r,,,rtr.-c 4n..l in ll-.a U..-- . t W,l.,.nn Urnnh onW Klnc nm I fl. - 1 A I : .. were trained and pnuinrwH in Tunisia and Morocco. cades in Algiers to try to ; rebel delegations took place at De Gaulle Returns " ' block de Gaulle's move to-! Evian, on the French shore of i wards Algerian independence, j the Lake of Geneva, in May, In June 19o8. Gen. Charles I The revolt failed, but in April, ! 1080. It failed, de Gaulle was swept back to 1961 , part of the French army rui another round of ne power in France on a pledge i in Algeria rebelled again ' gotjations early this year sue to end the conflict, which :against de Gaulle. cceded. On March 18. 1962, brought the downfall of There was a serious bomb a cease fire agreement was I gave sweeping guarantees for France's Fourth Republic. attempt to assassinate him in ' signed at Evian. At noon the i the security of the Europeans Hut army generals and the France last September ' following day it went into in Algeria. were granted the right to de cide in the referendum vote to be held July 1 whether they want independence and continued cooperation with France. -The Moslem Nationalists stain. The great majority ofment in neighboring, sympa- Imp'" i -itfMy: vi ; lr , a . . k I 6 France agreed to pull out her army progressively dur ing the next year. But she won the right to maintain 80, 000 troops here for the next three years, to hold certain bases for five years and to retain the big naval base at Mers-El-Kebir near Oran for 15 years. The Algerians won sover eignty over the oil-rich Sa hara. But it was agreed they and the French would exploit the mineral wealth jointly. In return for Algerian agreement to continue coop erating with her,' France promised to keep up massive economic aid without which the fledgling state could not hope to stand on its own feet. French Approve The agreement was approv ed by an overwhelming ma jority of the French people in a nationwide referendum April 8. The seemingly insoluble BLOODY INDEPENDENCE A new and even bloodier Congo may be in the making when Algeria becomes in dependent on July 2. A panic flight of tens of thousands of Algeria's million-strong European population is under way, while the terrorist- Secret Army Organization (OAS), formed of European extremists, has proclaimed a "scorch ed earth" policy of fire and destruction that may cripple V the young state economically for years to come. In this photo, taken April 3, Algiers' Beaufrazier Moselm hos pital lies in ruins after one of the bloodiest attacks yet by the OAS. Terrorist raiders machine gunned the helpless patients in their beds before setting off a bomb that wreck ed most of the building. (UPI) Medford Boys Win Plymouth Contest Two Medford High school boys, Jim Sevick and Clar ence Lamp, were named win ders of the 1962 Oregon Ply- iiiuuiii ii uuuie-siiuumiK cun- test recently, according to their sponsor, Dick Knight company. Sevick is the son of Mr. and Mrs. R. L. Sevick, 26 Wil lamette ave., and Lamp is the i son of Mrs. Edna Lamp, 111 ! Florence ave. The two boys will attend a victory banquet in Portland in honor of the winners from four northwestern states, Ida ho, Montana, Washington, and Oregon. Monday, June 25, they will fly to Detroit, Mich., to take part in the national contest Tuesday. Both boys were students in the automotive classes of the high school. They are being accompanied by their instruc tor, Lloyd Lyda. problem was the violent hos tility of the Europeans against independence would would mean an end to their racial domination what began 132 years ago. More than a year ago,' ex tremists among the Euro peans, aided b y diehard French army deserters, form ed a secret army organization (OAS) which has used every terrorist method in the book to try to block the peace set tlement. Even the recent captures df its two highest leaders, for mer Generals Raoul Solan and Edmond Jouhaud, by French authorities failed to put an end to the terrorist campaign. Since the beginning of this year nearly 5,000 have been killed and more than 10,000 wounded by terrorists in Al geria. When terrorism failed to halt independence, the OAS switched to a "scorched earth" campaign, destroying universities, schools, govern ment buildings, warehouses and oil wells, with the pledge to leave nothing to the future Moslem masters of the coun try. Since April, as independ- Men Wonted in GP Held in Arkansas Searcy, Ark. -IUPH- Two Oregon men wanted by au thorities at Grants Pass were being held in the county jail here Saturday. They are L. Z. Rainwater, 37, and Marcus J. Mack, 31, both of Riddle.' They are ex pected to be returned to Ore gon next week. They waived extradition. The men were arrested near here by Arkansas authorities. Portland - 1UPII - Appoint ment of a 10-mcmber com mittee to advise on the de velopment of the Waldo Lake area in the Willamette Na tional Forest was announced Saturday by J. Herbert Stone, Oregon regional forester. ence became imminent, a mas sive flight of Europeans from Algeria to France has been under way. The French gov ernment was forced to organ ize an airlift and special sea transport to cope with the tlood of fearful Europeans. The problem is complicat ed by the fact that the Euro peans in Algeria are not "col onists" in the usual sense of the word. Nor are many of them even of French descent. Many are of Spanish, Italian, Maltese, Corsican or Jewish ancestry. But French is their mother tongue and tens of thousands fought and died in the French army in two world wars. Native Algeria Europeans Many are third, fourth and fifth generation Algerians. Most are not farmers but storekeepers, postmen, the man who runs the corner cafe, streetcar-drivers and clerks. The big question is what kind of government will run the new Algeria? It will be a Moslem govern ment - that is sure. It will be strongly socialist in its eco nomic and political program. Part of this includes sweep ing agrarian reforms and re distribution of land. The French hope it will con tinue to cooperate closely with France and will look rather to the West than to the Communist world. More probably, it will be "neutral ist" like Morocco, Tunisia and the United Arab Republic, with considerable ties with the Communist bloc as well as the West. Premier Ben Youssef Ben Khedda, the mild-mannered "moderate" who has headed the govcrnment-in-exile in Tunis since last year, prob ably wil lbe kicked upstairs to the largely honorary job of president. The future prime minister and "strong man" is expected to be Mohammed Ben Bella, whose release from more than five years of French captivity was one of the conditions of the Evian agreement. J&2&h jot. ir Baby Essf Lives s,ecr ,b' 39 Aisle after Aisle of Low Shelf Prices on overflowing shelves full of bargains! 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