Q JJ MONDAY. JUNE 2S. 1062 MEDFOBD MAIL 1RIKUNE. MEDFOBD, OREGON -
Scorched Earth' Policy Practiced By Secret Army Organization
By ALAIN RAYMOND
United Press International
Algiers, Algeria - (ITO - Al
geria today stands on the
brink of nationhood.
Its birth as a new state is
likely to be a grim one, mark
ed by a welter of bloodshed,
fire and unparalleled destruc
tion. A new and even bloodier
Congo may be in the making.
On the morning of July 2
or soon afterwards - France
will hand over independence
to the rich North African ter
ritory she has ruled for 132
years.
At that moment an inde
pendent Moslem-ruled Aider
ian republic will rise from
the ashes of seven and one
half years of bloody colonial
war and take its place in the
ranks of the world's free na
tions. But there is likely to be
little joy in the first hours
and days-perhaps even weeks
or months - of independence.
Thousand! Flee
A panic flight of lens of
thousands of Algeria's million-
strong European population is
tinner way. Men, women and
children who were born and
have lived all their lives here
are fleeing from a feared mas
sacre by the Moslems who out
number them nine-to-one.
The terrorist Secret Army
Organization (OAS), formed
of European extremists, has
proclaimed a "scorched earth"
policy of fire and destruction
that may cripple the young
state economically for years
to come.
The OAS has ordered that
farms, public buildings,
stores, warehouses, even crops
standing in the fields should
be destroyed rather than fall
into Moslem hands.
Next Sunday, July I, the
peoples of Algeria must vote
in a referendum to answer the
question "Do you want inde
pendence and continued coop
eration with France?"
Most of Algeria's Euro
peans, who numbered one
million before the recent mass
exodus, are expected to ab
its 9 million Moslems are cer
tain to vote "yes."
From the moment the final
result of the voting is pro
claimed - possibly on July 2,
although the counting may
take longer-French rule over
this territory will cease.
Sovereignty and the respon
sibility for law and order will
be handed over to the mixed
Moslem-European provisional
executive with headquarters
at Rocher Noir, 30 miles east
of Algiers.
Temporary Government
The provisional executive
has been acting as a tempo
rary government since early
April.
Its first task after the ref
erendum and proclamation of
indepence will be to organize
countrywide general elections
-probably on July 22 - for
a constituent assembly.
From that constituent as
sembly will emerge the first
representative government of
the new Republic of Algeria.
It is expected to include many
members of the present Na
tionalist government-in-exile,
which will remain at its Tunis
headquarters until after the
elections.
The birth of Algeria as a
free nation will ring down the
curtain finally on the long-drawn-out
conflict which bled
France's economy of more
than $19 billion and cost the
lives of 17,250 French sol
diers, 141,000 Algerian rebels
and an estimated 200,000 civ
ilians.
The Algerian war began on
All Saints Day, Nov. 1, 1054.
when 30 bands of armed Mos
lem rebels struck simultane
ously in different parts of the
territory, killing hundreds in
the first orgy of violence.
France rushed reinforce
ments here and for more than
seven years maintained 500,
000 men - the flower of her
Army - in Algeria.
It was largely a vicious
guerrilla war of sneak attacks'
by rebels on isolated farms
and outposts or murders in
quiet streets.
The rebels set up a govern-
thetic Tunisia which had just bulk of the Europeans in Al-! But de Gaulle, convinced ; effect, ending seven and one-1
won freedom from France), gcria bitterly opposed indc- j independence was the only so- half years of bloodshed. i
Their forces in the field were pendente and the end of '. lution, pushed relentlessly ! Main Points
believed never to have ex-1 French rule. .ahead. i The principal terms of the !
ceeded 10,000 men at a time. , jn January, 1960, armed A first round of peace talks , settlement were: i
Rill annlhpi- ftflnnn tr. An ftni 1 . 1 1
... -,,uu , r,,,rtr.-c 4n..l in ll-.a U..-- . t W,l.,.nn Urnnh onW Klnc nm I fl. - 1 A I : ..
were trained and pnuinrwH in
Tunisia and Morocco. cades in Algiers to try to ; rebel delegations took place at
De Gaulle Returns " ' block de Gaulle's move to-! Evian, on the French shore of
i wards Algerian independence, j the Lake of Geneva, in May,
In June 19o8. Gen. Charles I The revolt failed, but in April, ! 1080. It failed,
de Gaulle was swept back to 1961 , part of the French army rui another round of ne
power in France on a pledge i in Algeria rebelled again ' gotjations early this year sue
to end the conflict, which :against de Gaulle. cceded. On March 18. 1962,
brought the downfall of There was a serious bomb a cease fire agreement was I gave sweeping guarantees for
France's Fourth Republic. attempt to assassinate him in ' signed at Evian. At noon the i the security of the Europeans
Hut army generals and the France last September ' following day it went into in Algeria.
were granted the right to de
cide in the referendum vote
to be held July 1 whether
they want independence and
continued cooperation with
France.
-The Moslem Nationalists
stain. The great majority ofment in neighboring, sympa-
Imp'" i -itfMy: vi ; lr , a . . k I
6
France agreed to pull out
her army progressively dur
ing the next year. But she
won the right to maintain 80,
000 troops here for the next
three years, to hold certain
bases for five years and to
retain the big naval base at
Mers-El-Kebir near Oran for
15 years.
The Algerians won sover
eignty over the oil-rich Sa
hara. But it was agreed they
and the French would exploit
the mineral wealth jointly.
In return for Algerian
agreement to continue coop
erating with her,' France
promised to keep up massive
economic aid without which
the fledgling state could not
hope to stand on its own feet.
French Approve
The agreement was approv
ed by an overwhelming ma
jority of the French people in
a nationwide referendum
April 8.
The seemingly insoluble
BLOODY INDEPENDENCE A new and even bloodier
Congo may be in the making when Algeria becomes in
dependent on July 2. A panic flight of tens of thousands
of Algeria's million-strong European population is under
way, while the terrorist- Secret Army Organization (OAS),
formed of European extremists, has proclaimed a "scorch
ed earth" policy of fire and destruction that may cripple
V
the young state economically for years to come. In this
photo, taken April 3, Algiers' Beaufrazier Moselm hos
pital lies in ruins after one of the bloodiest attacks yet by
the OAS. Terrorist raiders machine gunned the helpless
patients in their beds before setting off a bomb that wreck
ed most of the building. (UPI)
Medford Boys Win
Plymouth Contest
Two Medford High school
boys, Jim Sevick and Clar
ence Lamp, were named win
ders of the 1962 Oregon Ply-
iiiuuiii ii uuuie-siiuumiK cun-
test recently, according to
their sponsor, Dick Knight
company.
Sevick is the son of Mr. and
Mrs. R. L. Sevick, 26 Wil
lamette ave., and Lamp is the
i son of Mrs. Edna Lamp, 111
! Florence ave.
The two boys will attend a
victory banquet in Portland
in honor of the winners from
four northwestern states, Ida
ho, Montana, Washington, and
Oregon.
Monday, June 25, they will
fly to Detroit, Mich., to take
part in the national contest
Tuesday.
Both boys were students in
the automotive classes of the
high school. They are being
accompanied by their instruc
tor, Lloyd Lyda.
problem was the violent hos
tility of the Europeans against
independence would would
mean an end to their racial
domination what began 132
years ago.
More than a year ago,' ex
tremists among the Euro
peans, aided b y diehard
French army deserters, form
ed a secret army organization
(OAS) which has used every
terrorist method in the book
to try to block the peace set
tlement. Even the recent captures df
its two highest leaders, for
mer Generals Raoul Solan
and Edmond Jouhaud, by
French authorities failed to
put an end to the terrorist
campaign.
Since the beginning of this
year nearly 5,000 have been
killed and more than 10,000
wounded by terrorists in Al
geria. When terrorism failed to
halt independence, the OAS
switched to a "scorched
earth" campaign, destroying
universities, schools, govern
ment buildings, warehouses
and oil wells, with the pledge
to leave nothing to the future
Moslem masters of the coun
try. Since April, as independ-
Men Wonted in GP
Held in Arkansas
Searcy, Ark. -IUPH- Two
Oregon men wanted by au
thorities at Grants Pass were
being held in the county jail
here Saturday.
They are L. Z. Rainwater,
37, and Marcus J. Mack, 31,
both of Riddle.' They are ex
pected to be returned to Ore
gon next week. They waived
extradition.
The men were arrested
near here by Arkansas authorities.
Portland - 1UPII - Appoint
ment of a 10-mcmber com
mittee to advise on the de
velopment of the Waldo Lake
area in the Willamette Na
tional Forest was announced
Saturday by J. Herbert Stone,
Oregon regional forester.
ence became imminent, a mas
sive flight of Europeans from
Algeria to France has been
under way. The French gov
ernment was forced to organ
ize an airlift and special sea
transport to cope with the
tlood of fearful Europeans.
The problem is complicat
ed by the fact that the Euro
peans in Algeria are not "col
onists" in the usual sense of
the word. Nor are many of
them even of French descent.
Many are of Spanish, Italian,
Maltese, Corsican or Jewish
ancestry. But French is their
mother tongue and tens of
thousands fought and died in
the French army in two world
wars.
Native Algeria Europeans
Many are third, fourth and
fifth generation Algerians.
Most are not farmers but
storekeepers, postmen, the
man who runs the corner
cafe, streetcar-drivers and
clerks.
The big question is what
kind of government will run
the new Algeria?
It will be a Moslem govern
ment - that is sure. It will be
strongly socialist in its eco
nomic and political program.
Part of this includes sweep
ing agrarian reforms and re
distribution of land.
The French hope it will con
tinue to cooperate closely
with France and will look
rather to the West than to
the Communist world. More
probably, it will be "neutral
ist" like Morocco, Tunisia and
the United Arab Republic,
with considerable ties with
the Communist bloc as well as
the West.
Premier Ben Youssef Ben
Khedda, the mild-mannered
"moderate" who has headed
the govcrnment-in-exile in
Tunis since last year, prob
ably wil lbe kicked upstairs
to the largely honorary job of
president.
The future prime minister
and "strong man" is expected
to be Mohammed Ben Bella,
whose release from more than
five years of French captivity
was one of the conditions of
the Evian agreement.
J&2&h jot. ir
Baby Essf Lives s,ecr ,b' 39
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