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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 8, 1960)
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD,GtRE. THURSDAY, DECEMBER 8. 196B 10 c Outflow of American Dollars Cause of Worry to U S. Government Expenditures More Than Offset Trade Balance Editor'! note: Whit 1 meant by th campalfn to "save the dollar?" How did the emergency come about? How terlous Ib H? What If belnr done about It? These and other questions are discussed In tho folLowlng dispatch. By PHIL NEWSOM ' UPI Foreign Nowi Analyst To Americans whose eco nomic experience generally is limited to stretching the fam ily pay check, government spending figures are so huge as to be beyond comprehen sion and therefore beyond much worry. Within the U.S. govern ment, however, there is worry., among the world's hardest currencies. Worry 'because money is flowing out of the United States at an annual rate of more than $4 billion over the amount annually taken in. Suddenly," the U.S. public which buys its clothes and its foods and elects its govern ments on slogans, has been, confronted with a new one. It is: "Save the dollar." In the resulting disquiet, the outstanding question at home has been, Why? The United States is the richest country in the world. Annually it produces goods worth $500. billion. It owns more than half the world's automobiles. It has the world's highest standard of living. Traditionally, its dollar Is Its annual gross product totals more than, most of its European, Allies combined. American sales abroad this year will total between $4 and $5 billion more than U.S. purchases in foreign coun tries. The emergency started worry in Eurppe, too. That worry was over the ' effect U.S. restrictive measures might have on Europe's boom ing economy, to which Ameri man " tourists annually con tribute some $2 billion, in which American business has an estimated $30 billion in vested in plant and equipment and which receives a further shot in the arm from the hun dreds of millions spent on maintenance of U.S. troops overseas. There have, been reports It i W -7 X; ',1 : I ,, I I METAL PILED OM FLOOR Because of the heavy flow of gold from the U. S. Assay office on Wall Street in New York, bars of the precious metal are piled on the floor of the Federal Reserve Bank, waiting to be counted, weighed, and stored in the mesh cages belonging to foreign countries. The 4 gold is shuffled around the vault to settle debts between depositors.' Here bank em ployee Ernest Capers, wearing steel protec tive shoes, handles a load of gold bars. At rear is guard Hank Raduns. (UPI Telephoto) New Ideas in Teaching Typing Being Studied at Oregon State Corvallis - (WD - A promls- Ing new concept, of teaching typing more "by ear" with the aid of individual earphones and dictating-transcrlbing ma chines is being tried for the first time this fall at Oregon State college. "-.'" If benefits outweigh costs Involved in the system, the Idea may bring special new teaching equipment to typing rooms and help produce faster and better typists in a shorter time. 1 Under the experimental plan devised by Robert Wiper, OSC secretarial science in structor, each student has ear phones through which instruc tions are received either from the teacher speaking into a microphone or from machine recordings of lesson material. DifUrtnt Drills .- -, By flipping switches on the control panel in the front of the room, Wiper can have severer groups of students on different typing drills, de pending on their needs and abilities. The big advantage of the system is that it allows In' struction to be "geared to the individual student each progressing as fast and far as possible." At the same time, make-up work and spec ial remedial help can be given easily and conveniently with out upsetting the rest of the student typists. - ; , : . Individual criticisms can be made over the earphones without having "others listen in" and without 'Student em barrassment, he noted. ; - The earphones also shut out noise from other machines and help students concentrate on the job at hand. Each car phone has . individual volume control so that every student is ' assured of being ' able to COURT HELD m Plants 'Mugged' For Identification Honolulu -(Science Service) - The technique used success fully in the recording and identification of human crimi nals is now being applied to biological specimens in the field. Dr. Harold St. John of the B. P. Bishop Museum of Hono lulu who is now teaching at the University of Saigon, Vietnam, has reported the use of a plcard with movable numbers and a special, easily read sized scale in photograph ing trees and other plant spec imens discovered and collect ed on botanical trips. The sets of numbers such as those used on house doors and front gates were slipped into aluminum holders such as are also available in Ameri can hardware stores. The painted numbers also have clear glass - beads that reflect the flash if the photograph is made in poor light. A special cale was devised to indicate the exact size of the tree or other specimen. ' - ., i public leivici by Ihe COLLEGE of LAW vVIUAMETTE UNIVERSITY Child CustodT Jurisdiction Depends on Domicile r Mary and her husband Ed, had been married for several years but 1 their relationship was becoming progressively worse. They decided to sep arate, but . Ed later claimed that Mary would not let him see their three youngsters, so he brought suit in Arkansas for custody of the children, While the custody suit was pending, he took the children to live in Washington state, The Arkansas court, mean while, awarded custody and separate maintenance to Mary. She then filed suit in the State of Washington, seeking to obtain custody of the chil dren by a writ of hubeas corpus. Ed, however, claimed that the Arkansas court had no power to award custody or me children to Mary THE COURT HELD: Cus tody awarded to Mary. A child custody decree of anoth er state will not be changed nor will jurisdiction in such matters be assumed by a Washington court unless the children are domiciled In Washington. They were not oomiclled in Washington, the court reasoned, since thev were there in disobedience of the valid order of an Arkan sas court. hear a problem in rooms where typewriters are , bang ing away... Having to stop the entire class to give instruc tions to just a few students is avoided with the system too. Detailed Comparisons Detailed comparisons are being made this term between three classes using the experi mental equipment And three that arc not.. Gains in speed, accuracy, and production are being tabulated. T h e s e comparisons will measure the value of the .new system, but Wiper and the students involved in the ex periment are highly enthused about classroom results to date. They feel the system speeds up the teaching and learning processes. Cost of equipping a 30-stu-dent classroom with the spec ial equipment runs about $1,800. OSC had most of the equipment donated for . the study by a business machine manufacture. Wiper believes the system might . have particular bene fits for adult education classes and business colleges where students vary greatly in typ ing : skills and Instruction needs. - He got the idea for the ear phone network from a lan guage instruction laboratory, A niember of the OSC staff for the past four years, he earlier taught at Lebanon and South Salem High schools, Thi. Mlnmn n i legal principles Is presented College of Law. It is not to he laWn . I.. Slight changes in the facts may change the outcome of a case. :' ;-. i Minsk To Pinsk Travel Ruled Out Frankfurt, Germany - IUPD You won't be able to travel from Minsk to Pinsk using the new map prepared by Rus sia's Intourist Agency for Wes tern visitors. Minsk is on an approved route, but Pinsk is not. Neith er is any place cast of Mos cow, In fact, and Siberia isn't even on the map. The map docs represent an improvement, In that casual campers and travelers can fol low the 9,545 mllet, of approv ed highways without an, In- tourist guide. German tourist agencies re cently began distribution of the colorful new map. Direc tions are printed in English, French, and German, and small charts show the best routes through Moscow, Len ingrad, Kiev, Kharkov. Lvov. Klchinev and Minsk. ,' that some Europeans 'who once preferred 'the proud American dollar to their own currencies are converting them back out of fear of the dollar's future. As to the "whys", they are many. But they boil down to the conclusion that in a world in which It is committed to the support of freedom every where, the United States has been trying to do more than its share. Its foreign aid and other expenditures more than offset its favorable trade bal ance. Many Changes Wrought ' - There have been far-reaching changes in the 13 years since then - Secretary of State George C. Marshall announc ed the inception of the Mar shall Plan which was to pour billions of U.S. dollars into a revival of European industry. West. Germany provides the most startling contrast; In 1B47, the scars of war still spread the length and breadth of West Germany in the shipbuilding center of Hamburg, in Dusseldorf, cen ter of industry, and in Frank furt, the money mart. . . In the beginning the slogan was: "Aid for trade." As European industry re gained Its footing and began actively .to compete with U.S. industry; the plea became: "Trade not aid." At- any rate, before the Marshall Plan ended in 1951, the - United States poured more than $12 billion into the vast pump-priming' oper ation. West Germany receiv ed about $4 billion of it. Massive U.S. aid did not stop with the end of the Mar shall Plan. As the United States pressed its own fan tastically expensive nuclear and rocket program, it poured billions more in military aid into nations around the world hard-pressed by Communism. U.S. Warns Allies Early this year, the United States began warning its Al lies that U.S. wealth was not an inexhaustible horn of plen ty.. ' Trade barriers set up to aid European industries in their. recovery now must come down to give U.S. firms a chance to, compete . on even terms. , vv .7 In most instances, cooper ation was forthcoming. But those measures were not enough. The United States still was bearing a dispropor tionate cost of the world strug gle to confine and push back aggressive world Commu nism. For three consecutive years, the drain in U.S. gold sup plies had exceeded $3 billion. Its reserves were down to $18 billion, actually not enough to cover foreign commitments. As Treasury Secretary Rob ert B. Anderson and Under secretary of State Douglas Dillon prepared to take off for Europe to lay the United States case before the govern ments of Bonn, Paris and Lon don, the U.S. government took some immediate and unpopu lar steps of its own. ' It ordered 264,000 Army dependents home, beginning Jan. 1 -at the rate of 15,000 a month. - , It told military purchasers to "buy American.".- . Armed services , Post Ex changes were told to discon tinue purchase of European goods. Foreign liquors, includ ing Scotch, were cut off the buying list. ' Opponents said it would destroy the morale of the armed services, that military transfers' would increase be cause men with families would refuse to be separated long. : The order hit Scotland's most exportable product. But altogether, the cutback was expected to save up to $1 billion annually, ' In Bonn, Anderson and Dillon ran into a stone wall. They asked - that Germany make a direct contribution of $800 million toward the an nual cost of maintaining approximately 250,000 Ameri can troops in NATO's forward German wall. The Germans refused. . It would, they said, smack too much of occupation. But they made a counter offer. They offered to pay $600 million in advance on their debt to the U.S. They also offered to buy more U.S. military supplies. But they refused to under take anything which in an election year might add more burden to the German tax payer. Between the two sides was a fundamental difference of opinion. . The West Germans held that the U.S. emergency was temporary. Anderson held that. it was chronic - that one shot measures would not help. Questions of Interest The Germans held that much of the U.S. difficulty stemmed from the flow of "hot money,", that is money which flows from one side of the Atlantic to the other, de pending on interest rates and opportunities for a return on investments. As European interest rates fell, they argued, the flow once' more would be toward the United States. ' . Any. further charges for NATO, they argued, should be assessed . against the NATO budget and not individual na tions. . From England and France, the American representatives received sympathy and prom ises of support, but so far no money. A showdown may come this month in the Paris meeting of the NATO foreign ministers. Consensus among economists seemed to be that the dollar was not in immediate peril and that it still was a desir able currency. Nonetheless the United States' Allies had been put on notice that the present trend could not continue. The more drastic the U.S. restrictive measures, the greater the effect on their own economies. There have been many sug gested cures. One would change U.S. tax laws to help U.S. firms compete abroad. Others would limit the funds American may take abroad. The most drastic and the least likely would be devaluation of the dollar. Q SILVER DOLLAR STAMPS O SILVER DOLLAR STAMPS Q SILVER DOLLAR STAMPS Q SWIFT'S JmCuked HAM Wr.MiA- liki ill 2 I IP I W SPi!- m m rm .-. v m iw --aw w mi 'isar jamma ii'lji'tT.lGcja N Delicious 11 11 ... - , ... jS SHANK f )Jr HALF ll I " O Vtf lb Si m -J O tJ) JJ V. a . Jack Frost SAUSAGE '. Armour 1 3lbs.99 Put some in your freeier for future use. w!?r HENS :y;r,r-- ok's . Variety Meat Plan NO WAITING READY TO GO! 24 lbs. W Hams, Steaks, Roasts, Fryers & Ground Beef, p CHRISTMAS TURKEYS 1' - Guaranteed Fresh Birds PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AND GET 100 FREE Silver Dollar Stamps 11 ot. O Q ot. UJ -I o ll a. 5 V) -I O a UJ -J Co O to Throughout The Store! Fisher7! 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