MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD,GtRE.
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 8. 196B
10 c
Outflow of American Dollars Cause of
Worry to U
S. Government
Expenditures
More Than Offset
Trade Balance
Editor'! note: Whit 1 meant by
th campalfn to "save the dollar?"
How did the emergency come
about? How terlous Ib H? What If
belnr done about It? These and
other questions are discussed In
tho folLowlng dispatch.
By PHIL NEWSOM '
UPI Foreign Nowi Analyst
To Americans whose eco
nomic experience generally is
limited to stretching the fam
ily pay check, government
spending figures are so huge
as to be beyond comprehen
sion and therefore beyond
much worry.
Within the U.S. govern
ment, however, there is
worry.,
among the world's hardest
currencies.
Worry 'because money is
flowing out of the United
States at an annual rate of
more than $4 billion over the
amount annually taken in.
Suddenly," the U.S. public
which buys its clothes and its
foods and elects its govern
ments on slogans, has been,
confronted with a new one.
It is:
"Save the dollar."
In the resulting disquiet,
the outstanding question at
home has been, Why?
The United States is the
richest country in the world.
Annually it produces goods
worth $500. billion. It owns
more than half the world's
automobiles. It has the world's
highest standard of living.
Traditionally, its dollar Is
Its annual gross product
totals more than, most of its
European, Allies combined.
American sales abroad this
year will total between $4
and $5 billion more than U.S.
purchases in foreign coun
tries. The emergency started
worry in Eurppe, too. That
worry was over the ' effect
U.S. restrictive measures
might have on Europe's boom
ing economy, to which Ameri
man " tourists annually con
tribute some $2 billion, in
which American business has
an estimated $30 billion in
vested in plant and equipment
and which receives a further
shot in the arm from the hun
dreds of millions spent on
maintenance of U.S. troops
overseas.
There have, been reports
It i W -7 X; ',1 : I ,, I I
METAL PILED OM FLOOR Because of
the heavy flow of gold from the U. S. Assay
office on Wall Street in New York, bars of
the precious metal are piled on the floor of
the Federal Reserve Bank, waiting to be
counted, weighed, and stored in the mesh
cages belonging to foreign countries. The
4
gold is shuffled around the vault to settle
debts between depositors.' Here bank em
ployee Ernest Capers, wearing steel protec
tive shoes, handles a load of gold bars. At
rear is guard Hank Raduns.
(UPI Telephoto)
New Ideas in Teaching Typing
Being Studied at Oregon State
Corvallis - (WD - A promls-
Ing new concept, of teaching
typing more "by ear" with the
aid of individual earphones
and dictating-transcrlbing ma
chines is being tried for the
first time this fall at Oregon
State college. "-.'"
If benefits outweigh costs
Involved in the system, the
Idea may bring special new
teaching equipment to typing
rooms and help produce faster
and better typists in a shorter
time. 1
Under the experimental
plan devised by Robert Wiper,
OSC secretarial science in
structor, each student has ear
phones through which instruc
tions are received either from
the teacher speaking into a
microphone or from machine
recordings of lesson material.
DifUrtnt Drills .- -,
By flipping switches on the
control panel in the front of
the room, Wiper can have
severer groups of students on
different typing drills, de
pending on their needs and
abilities.
The big advantage of the
system is that it allows In'
struction to be "geared to the
individual student each
progressing as fast and far
as possible." At the same
time, make-up work and spec
ial remedial help can be given
easily and conveniently with
out upsetting the rest of the
student typists. - ; , : .
Individual criticisms can be
made over the earphones
without having "others listen
in" and without 'Student em
barrassment, he noted. ; -
The earphones also shut out
noise from other machines
and help students concentrate
on the job at hand. Each car
phone has . individual volume
control so that every student
is ' assured of being ' able to
COURT HELD
m
Plants 'Mugged'
For Identification
Honolulu -(Science Service)
- The technique used success
fully in the recording and
identification of human crimi
nals is now being applied to
biological specimens in the
field.
Dr. Harold St. John of the
B. P. Bishop Museum of Hono
lulu who is now teaching at
the University of Saigon,
Vietnam, has reported the use
of a plcard with movable
numbers and a special, easily
read sized scale in photograph
ing trees and other plant spec
imens discovered and collect
ed on botanical trips.
The sets of numbers such
as those used on house doors
and front gates were slipped
into aluminum holders such as
are also available in Ameri
can hardware stores. The
painted numbers also have
clear glass - beads that reflect
the flash if the photograph is
made in poor light. A special
cale was devised to indicate
the exact size of the tree or
other specimen. ' - ., i
public leivici by Ihe
COLLEGE of LAW
vVIUAMETTE UNIVERSITY
Child CustodT Jurisdiction
Depends on Domicile r
Mary and her husband Ed,
had been married for several
years but 1 their relationship
was becoming progressively
worse. They decided to sep
arate, but . Ed later claimed
that Mary would not let him
see their three youngsters, so
he brought suit in Arkansas
for custody of the children,
While the custody suit was
pending, he took the children
to live in Washington state,
The Arkansas court, mean
while, awarded custody and
separate maintenance to Mary.
She then filed suit in the
State of Washington, seeking
to obtain custody of the chil
dren by a writ of hubeas
corpus. Ed, however, claimed
that the Arkansas court had
no power to award custody
or me children to Mary
THE COURT HELD: Cus
tody awarded to Mary. A
child custody decree of anoth
er state will not be changed
nor will jurisdiction in such
matters be assumed by a
Washington court unless the
children are domiciled In
Washington. They were not
oomiclled in Washington, the
court reasoned, since thev
were there in disobedience of
the valid order of an Arkan
sas court.
hear a problem in rooms
where typewriters are , bang
ing away... Having to stop the
entire class to give instruc
tions to just a few students is
avoided with the system too.
Detailed Comparisons
Detailed comparisons are
being made this term between
three classes using the experi
mental equipment And three
that arc not.. Gains in speed,
accuracy, and production are
being tabulated.
T h e s e comparisons will
measure the value of the .new
system, but Wiper and the
students involved in the ex
periment are highly enthused
about classroom results to
date. They feel the system
speeds up the teaching and
learning processes.
Cost of equipping a 30-stu-dent
classroom with the spec
ial equipment runs about
$1,800. OSC had most of the
equipment donated for . the
study by a business machine
manufacture.
Wiper believes the system
might . have particular bene
fits for adult education classes
and business colleges where
students vary greatly in typ
ing : skills and Instruction
needs.
- He got the idea for the ear
phone network from a lan
guage instruction laboratory,
A niember of the OSC staff
for the past four years, he
earlier taught at Lebanon and
South Salem High schools,
Thi. Mlnmn n i
legal principles Is presented
College of Law. It is not to
he laWn . I..
Slight changes in the facts
may change the outcome of
a case. :' ;-. i
Minsk To Pinsk
Travel Ruled Out
Frankfurt, Germany - IUPD
You won't be able to travel
from Minsk to Pinsk using the
new map prepared by Rus
sia's Intourist Agency for Wes
tern visitors.
Minsk is on an approved
route, but Pinsk is not. Neith
er is any place cast of Mos
cow, In fact, and Siberia isn't
even on the map.
The map docs represent an
improvement, In that casual
campers and travelers can fol
low the 9,545 mllet, of approv
ed highways without an, In-
tourist guide.
German tourist agencies re
cently began distribution of
the colorful new map. Direc
tions are printed in English,
French, and German, and
small charts show the best
routes through Moscow, Len
ingrad, Kiev, Kharkov. Lvov.
Klchinev and Minsk. ,'
that some Europeans 'who
once preferred 'the proud
American dollar to their own
currencies are converting
them back out of fear of the
dollar's future.
As to the "whys", they are
many. But they boil down to
the conclusion that in a world
in which It is committed to
the support of freedom every
where, the United States has
been trying to do more than
its share. Its foreign aid and
other expenditures more than
offset its favorable trade bal
ance. Many Changes Wrought ' -
There have been far-reaching
changes in the 13 years
since then - Secretary of State
George C. Marshall announc
ed the inception of the Mar
shall Plan which was to pour
billions of U.S. dollars into a
revival of European industry.
West. Germany provides the
most startling contrast;
In 1B47, the scars of war
still spread the length and
breadth of West Germany in
the shipbuilding center of
Hamburg, in Dusseldorf, cen
ter of industry, and in Frank
furt, the money mart. . .
In the beginning the slogan
was: "Aid for trade."
As European industry re
gained Its footing and began
actively .to compete with U.S.
industry; the plea became:
"Trade not aid."
At- any rate, before the
Marshall Plan ended in 1951,
the - United States poured
more than $12 billion into
the vast pump-priming' oper
ation. West Germany receiv
ed about $4 billion of it.
Massive U.S. aid did not
stop with the end of the Mar
shall Plan. As the United
States pressed its own fan
tastically expensive nuclear
and rocket program, it poured
billions more in military aid
into nations around the world
hard-pressed by Communism.
U.S. Warns Allies
Early this year, the United
States began warning its Al
lies that U.S. wealth was not
an inexhaustible horn of plen
ty.. '
Trade barriers set up to aid
European industries in their.
recovery now must come
down to give U.S. firms a
chance to, compete . on even
terms. , vv .7
In most instances, cooper
ation was forthcoming.
But those measures were
not enough. The United States
still was bearing a dispropor
tionate cost of the world strug
gle to confine and push back
aggressive world Commu
nism. For three consecutive years,
the drain in U.S. gold sup
plies had exceeded $3 billion.
Its reserves were down to $18
billion, actually not enough
to cover foreign commitments.
As Treasury Secretary Rob
ert B. Anderson and Under
secretary of State Douglas
Dillon prepared to take off
for Europe to lay the United
States case before the govern
ments of Bonn, Paris and Lon
don, the U.S. government took
some immediate and unpopu
lar steps of its own.
' It ordered 264,000 Army
dependents home, beginning
Jan. 1 -at the rate of 15,000 a
month. - ,
It told military purchasers
to "buy American.".- .
Armed services , Post Ex
changes were told to discon
tinue purchase of European
goods. Foreign liquors, includ
ing Scotch, were cut off the
buying list.
' Opponents said it would
destroy the morale of the
armed services, that military
transfers' would increase be
cause men with families
would refuse to be separated
long. :
The order hit Scotland's
most exportable product.
But altogether, the cutback
was expected to save up to $1
billion annually, '
In Bonn, Anderson and
Dillon ran into a stone wall.
They asked - that Germany
make a direct contribution of
$800 million toward the an
nual cost of maintaining
approximately 250,000 Ameri
can troops in NATO's forward
German wall.
The Germans refused. . It
would, they said, smack too
much of occupation.
But they made a counter
offer. They offered to pay
$600 million in advance on
their debt to the U.S. They
also offered to buy more U.S.
military supplies.
But they refused to under
take anything which in an
election year might add more
burden to the German tax
payer. Between the two sides was
a fundamental difference of
opinion. . The West Germans
held that the U.S. emergency
was temporary. Anderson held
that. it was chronic - that one
shot measures would not help.
Questions of Interest
The Germans held that
much of the U.S. difficulty
stemmed from the flow of
"hot money,", that is money
which flows from one side of
the Atlantic to the other, de
pending on interest rates and
opportunities for a return on
investments.
As European interest rates
fell, they argued, the flow
once' more would be toward
the United States. ' .
Any. further charges for
NATO, they argued, should be
assessed . against the NATO
budget and not individual na
tions. .
From England and France,
the American representatives
received sympathy and prom
ises of support, but so far no
money.
A showdown may come this
month in the Paris meeting of
the NATO foreign ministers.
Consensus among economists
seemed to be that the dollar
was not in immediate peril
and that it still was a desir
able currency.
Nonetheless the United
States' Allies had been put on
notice that the present trend
could not continue.
The more drastic the U.S.
restrictive measures, the
greater the effect on their own
economies.
There have been many sug
gested cures. One would
change U.S. tax laws to help
U.S. firms compete abroad.
Others would limit the funds
American may take abroad.
The most drastic and the least
likely would be devaluation
of the dollar.
Q SILVER DOLLAR STAMPS O SILVER DOLLAR STAMPS Q SILVER DOLLAR STAMPS Q
SWIFT'S JmCuked
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11 11 ... - , ...
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HALF ll I "
O Vtf lb
Si m
-J O tJ) JJ V.
a .
Jack Frost SAUSAGE
'. Armour 1
3lbs.99
Put some in your freeier for future use.
w!?r HENS
:y;r,r-- ok's .
Variety Meat Plan
NO WAITING READY TO GO!
24 lbs. W
Hams, Steaks, Roasts, Fryers & Ground Beef, p
CHRISTMAS TURKEYS
1' - Guaranteed Fresh Birds
PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW AND
GET 100 FREE
Silver Dollar Stamps
11
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Throughout The Store!
Fisher7! Golden .
Pancake Flour
4-Lb. Bag, AQ,
Reg. 55c, NOW
7'i-Lb. Bag,
Reg. 99c, NOW
69
I SUPER MARKET
1202 No. Riverside 1
I Open Till Midnight I
1, . 7 Day. a Wek
Silver Dollar Trading Stamp. . I
All Specials Are Good 'S
siru; Sat. Nite
V X
fif. I
BANANAS
White Star
TUNA
Chunk Style Light
Meat. Vi Siaa Cans
3-79
Peaches
Sliced Freestone, Siskiyou
brand, grown A packed
locally 2 Vi siie cans
4. 98'
Reg. 30c
SPECIAL
Fancy
Golden
Fruit
A 9
LETTUCE
Large Criip Heads
CABBAGE
Medium, Solid Heads ....
lb.
Maxwell Housi
COFFEE
Drip or Reg. Grind
l Tin SQ
Giant 10-oi. Instant
Regular 1.89
SJI39
ONLY
CHlUco-XAR
HALLEY'S
CHILI
CON CARNI
' IS-oi. Site
3 79
GRAPEFRUIT
40 Size Texas Red
10MC
POTATOES -
I V Bag ifi .
1 25 99 GAS?
i1
Chiffon TOILET TISSUE
2-Roll Pack
Regular 29c
DUNCAN HINES
CAKE MIXES
Regular 39c "
03:98
jpfe,1 2- 49'
: . ' 400 Count
Facial Tissues
Reg
29c
2 49
RED YAMS & GOLDEN
SHEET POTATOES
No. 1
Grid
Q SILVER DOLLAR STAMPS Q SILVER DOLLAR STAMPS Q SILVER DOLLAR STAMP"
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