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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 14, 1960)
MONDAY, NOVEMBER U, 1(60 MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON A 9 r .. THIS CIVIL WAR BUCHANAN WORRIED-The quick and fiery reaction of the South to the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 worried President James Bu chanan (top photo). He felt that union was inevitable. At one of his cabinet meetings he read a document which indi cated force might be used to halt secession. Southern mem bers of the cabinet, in violent disagreement, summoned U.S. Senator Jefferson Davis, low er photp, from his Mississippi plantation. Davis returned to the capital to take the part of of the South just 'about the time Maj. Robert Anderson took over the defenses of Charleston harbor-and a fort named Sumter. (UPI Telephoto) Tax Assessors T ! If i io Aiienu jession Salem - IUPD - Tax assessors 1 and deputies from 11 counties will meet here Tuesday for a one-day training session on the use of new cost factor books in appraising property ; for tax purposes. ' Counties to be represented ! are Marion, Benton, Clacka- . mas, Crook, Deschutes, Jef ferson, Lincoln, Linn, Polk, Wasco and Yamhill. The cost factor books were published by the Oregon Tax commission and the Los An geles appraisal firm of Mar shall & Stevens, Inc. First Secession Convention Called In South Carolina By MERTON T. AKERS UPI Corrtipondent One-hundred years ago this week end - Nov. 13, 1860 - a simply worded enactment of the South Carolina legislature became a law. It called for a convention to consider repeal ing the state's original ratifi cation of the Constitution of the United States. As simple as the language was, the por tent was enormous. The law provided for dele gates to the convention to be elected Dec. 6. They were to assemble Dec. 17. In th fall of 1860 the ques tion whether a state had the constitutional right to secede from the Union already was as old as the republic Itself, which had recently turned three score and 10. Secession Ponibiliiy Sun The possibility of secession had been foreseen by makers of the Constitution. Alexander Hamilton in "The Federalist," the essays he, James Madison and John Jay wrote m 1787-88 explaining the document in the campaign for ratification recognized that the Issue might arise. Hamilton wrote in No. 16 of the Federalist Papers that the possibility of revolution with in a state always was present and that if rebellious forces attained enough headway then no form of government, re public or monarchy, could al ways avoid or control them. John C. Calhoun, South Carolina statesman, put the issue into simpler language in 1831 during the Nullification crisis. Calhoun argued in his Fort Hill address - so-called because he wrote it in the quiet of his plantation of the same name - that tne consti tution was a compact among sovereign states with certain powers delegated to a central government. If the contract ing parties could not judge in fractions of the powers by the central government, Calhoun argued, then they had signed away their rights to an- irre sponsible body with no hope oi control. State's Rights Idea Born He held that a state's only recourse against any infrac tion by the central govern ment was to interpose to halt what they believed was the unconstitutional practice. The central government's redress then, he held, was to use the amendment machinery of the Constitution and submit the issue to the states with three- fourths necessary to ratify. Calhoun called his doctrine interposition. A commoner name was State's Rights. But Calhoun s theory later would THE FAMILY YOU LOVE THE THINGS YOU OWN & THE FUTURE YOU WANT . . . protect them all under The Travelers Umbrella ... t For complete insoranea aarriee Don Stathos, insuror 1005 East Main M.dford Phone if 3-6658 Ktpr.l.nting Th. Trivtkr .Wjr'AGEHI Hirtford of Connecticut 3 be used as a political defense of slavery. The Nullification crisis arose over a tariff law with which the South, and South Carolina particularly, d i s agreed. President Andrew Jackson met the issue head on. In a proclamation Dec. 10. 1832, Jackson declared the na tion to be indivisible, that state must obey the laws, no state could leave the Union and that the whole force of the federal government would be used if necessary to collect revenue in South Carolina. One historian said of the proclamation: 'If any single date can be fixed as that on which a given date was predetermined, the Civil War became inevitable on Dec. 10, 1832."' Reaction Worries Buchanan But South Carolina seces sionists in 1860 were facing James Buchanan, not Andrew Jackson. A Pennsylvania bachelor. Buchanan came to the presidency in 1856 with out serious opposition. The quick and fiery reac tion to the election of Lincoln worried Buchanan, but not enough to force him into ac tion. Several times Buchanan discussed the worsening situa tion witn nis cabinet mem bers, who were about equally divided between northerners and southerners. Once he pro posed a constitutional conven tion to reach some compromise but went no further than to discuss it. He remarked that disunion seemed inevitable. At one of the cabinet meet ings Buchanan read a docu ment, the burden of which was that the South must sub mit to the election of Lincoln and indicated force would be used to halt secession. That brought violent dissent from the southern cabinet members and moved Secretary of Treas ury Howell Cobb of Georgia and Secretary of Interior Ja cob Thompson of Mississippi to summon Jefferson Davis from his plantation. Davis was a U.S. senator from Mississippi and a for mer secretary of war under President Franklin Pierce. He had played a sort of second lead previously in the political in-fighting between the North and the South and now. was going back to the capital to rehearse a bigger role. Sumter Commander Named Davis hastened back to the capital just about the time Nov. 15 - that a momentous order cleared the War Depart ment. The order - Special Order No. 137 - said that Maj Robert Anderson, 1st Artil lery, would immediately take over command of the defenses of Charleston, S.C.. and the defenses included a fort called Sumter. Later, Secretary of War John B. Floyd would say that he had picked Anderson him self, a decision which he would live to regret. Ander son was a Kentuckian, and married to a Georgia wife. His father had helped in the un successful defens of Ft. Moul trie in the Revolution and had been captured by the British. Moultrie, a short cannon shot from Sumter, would be Ander son's headquarters. Despite his southern background Maj. Anderson was a Union man. Floyd apparently did not know that. Time for the meeting of Congress was approaching rapidly and on Nov. 17 Bu chanans asked his attorney general, Jeremiah S. Black, a Pennsylvanian, for an opinion on what powers the President held to meet the emergency. ! Black replied later that thel Constitution had not provided for the secession of a state and contained no legal means for the President to force a state to remain in, adding that there was no question that the Presi dent was obligated to enforce the laws. Stanton Enters Picture Buchanan also called in an other Pennsylvania lawyer, Edwin M. Stanton, for advice. What Stanton told Buchanan is not recorded but the Presi dent seemed to stiffen against the secessionists after the con ference. Stanton was destined for a big share in the strife to come as Lincoln's secretary of war. Jacob Thompson noted the stiffening of Buchanan, but said: "Old Buck, at heart, is right and with us." But "Old Buck's" message to Congress would say neither "yes" nor "no" to the seces sionists and the drift to war gained momentum. I . flV, ELECTION BET PAID Director Mervyn is paying off a bet he made with Sinatra on Leroy dries his tears as he leads a donkey the outcome of the recent election. Sinatra carrying singer Frank Sinatra. Leroy, lead- is an ardent backer of President-elect Kcn er of the celebrities for Nixon committee, nedy. The payoff occurred in Hollywood. (UPI Telephoto) Morse Deplores Chiang's Remarks On War in Asia Washington IUPD Sen. Wayne Morse (D-Ore.) says the United States should make it clear that this country would not support Chiang Kai-shek in any threat to . make war in Asia. j "At the same time," Morse said Sunday night, "we must j make clear . . . tnat we're not ! going to permit Red China to pull a Communist blood bath on Formosa." Morse, a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Com mittee and a U. S. delegate to the U.N. General Assem bly, denounced Chiang's re cent declaration that he would retake the mainland of China within three to five years. The senator said President Eisenhower should have an nounced immediately that the United States was "no part of any such threat, because that's a proposal for war." Everyone in the world knows that Chiang couldn't take the mainland of China without the support of the 7th Fleet and American mili tary forces," Morse said. "And I was shocked that Chiang was allowed to get by with it." learn Now "s?S5tJi, yfw How You Can 5SS 'tfS " Earn Money by Letting Your Cash ;5;v v. Work for You. V 6 INTEREST PAID SEMI-ANNUALLY Withdraw principal and all accrued interest whenever you choose. Any multiple of $10.00 accepted. Name of Board of Directors on Request 8 CRATER FINANCE f S 135 PINE cpe27nrtl NO 4-1273 3 County 4-H Members To Attend National Meet In Chicago Nov. 26-Dec. 2 Patsy Charley, Central Point, Phillip Krouse, Apple gate, and Craig Wright, Med ford, are among 26 Oregon 4-H'ers who will attend the National 4-H Congress next week in Chicago. The group will leave by train from Port land Thanksgiving day. They will arrive Saturday in Chicago for a week's stay. The 1960 Congress activities get underway with a private showing of "Tomboy and the Champ," a Hollywood movie about 4-H'crs. Saturday night the 1,600 4-H'ers will attend a get-acquainted party. Other highlights of the week's trip include a Pop concert by the Chicago Sym phony orchestra, directed by Arthur Fiedler, director of the Boston Pops, who will fly to Chicago from Boston for the performance. Special Events Monday, Nov. 28, Miss Charley will be a guest as state food preparation winner at a dinner at the Conrad Hilton. ' While in Chicago, Phillip will compete for one of six S400 college scholarships. Wednesday, Nov. 30, Craig will be a guest as state poul try winner at a breakfast at the Conrad-Hilton These three and other 4-H club members at the confer ence will also tour the Mu seum of Science and Industry, the Museum of Natural His tory and visit the Internation al Harvester plant. At the IH plant they will view an assem bly line of manufacturers of farm machinery. Tours Included Dances, three banquets day, and tours of the city also await the club members. One afternoon they will visit the International Livestock and Dairy exposition. Delegates will return to Or egon Dec. 4 ' Lois Redman, slate 4-H ex tension agent; Gene Lear, state extension agent, and Frank von Borstel, Douglas county agent, will accompany the 25 Oregon youths. Two 4-H leaders, Mrs. W. E. Townsen, Gresham, and Mrs. Arthur Kaley, Lakeview, will also attend the 4-H Con gress as a tribute to their serv ice as 4-H leaders. 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