Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989, July 12, 1959, Image 4

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Medford mail tribune., July 12, 1959, Image 4

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Newspaper Page TextMAIL TRIBUNE, M4ferf, Or. Sunday, July 12, 19S9 MEDFOROSITBIBuTa "Everyone in Southern Or (on Reads The Msil Trtbune'r Published Dnlly except Saturday by MJJDFCMD PRINTING CO 33 North ilr St Ph SP a-6141 .. ROBERT W RTJHL; Editor HERB GREY Advertising Manager GEPAUJ LATHAM, Business MsT ERIC W UXEN JR Managing Kditor EAKL H ADAMS. City Editor HARRY CHIPMAN Teleg Editor RICHARD JEWETT Sports Editor OUVE STARCHEB Women's Editor DALE ERICKSON, Circulation Mcr An Independent Newspaper -Znterea as seormd class matter at Medforri Oregon under Art of March 3. 1897 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Mai t In Advance. Copy 10c. Dail- and Sunday 1 year $15.00 Daily and Sunday 6 mot. 8.00 Daily ant Sunday 3 mos. 4.25 Sunday Only One year $420 By Carrier In Advance Medford. .. Ashland Central Point Eagle Point. Jacksonville. Gold Hill. Phoenix Shady Cove Rogue Riv er. Tal-nt ana on motor routes Daily and Sunday 1 year $18.00 Daily and Sunday 1 mo. 1.50 Carrier and Dealers copy 10c All Terms Cash In Advance Official Paper ef City f Medford Official Paper of Jackson County Untied Press International Full Leased Wire ' MEMBER OF AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATION Advertising Representative: WEST-HOLIDAY CO, INC. Of- flees in New York. Chicago. De troit. San Francisco. Los Angeles, Seattle Portland St. Louis. At lanta. Vancouver B.C. Z NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS "ASSOCIATION NATIONAL EDITORIAL Ic5iin Flight 'o Time Medford and Jackson County History from the files of The Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 years ago. 10 YEARS AGO July 12, 1949 (Tuesday) Medf ord's 1949-50 city budget is up for public hear ing tonight, but Mayor Diam ond Flynn predicts a short council meeting. Census bureau enumerators for the business census arrive here and gird for action. 20 YEARS AGO July 12. 1939 (Wednesday) Joe E. Wood, prominent Medford resident, is named assistant state purchasing agent by Gov. Charles A. Sprague. From Arthur Perry "Ye Smudge Pot" column: "Dial telephone systems have been installed, and are now operat ing in Gold Hill and Ashland. After the user becomes con vinced he is not sticking his finger into an electric fan, they work fine." 30 YEARS AGO July. 12, 1929 (Friday) . Medford wastes as much water each day as it uses, the city water superintendent re ports. Lydia King, resigns as the Jackson county health nurse. 40 YEARS AGO July 12. 1919 (Saturday) Roasting ears arrive on the local market a month ahead of the normal timetable. The Crater Lake rim road is finally cleared of snow. . , SO YEARS AGO July 12, 1909 (Monday) Mountain water enters Medford's gravity system at Bradshaw drop and heads to ward the city. Medford asks Gov. Benson for a special court term for condemnation pr'ocee dings against M. F. Hanley for a right of way for the new city water system. What's Your I.Q.? Nine or ten correct is superior; seven or eight is excellent; five or six is good. 1. Of which country was Catherine the Great the Em press? 2. Is treacle seaweed, treachery, molasses, or treas on? . , ' 3. How many heads has a kettle Brum? 4. In which of our four con tinental time zones is the city of Denver, Colorado? 5. Name the General who commanded the Union Army at the Battle of Gettysburg? 6. Which South American country sent troops to fight with the Allied armies in Italy in World War H? 7. Is a yawl a carpenter's tool, a kind of sailing vessel or the cry of a male cat? 8. Correct the following; "The sleuth quickly caught he and I." 9. What novelist's middle name was Fenimore? 10. Is the Bank of England privately owned, or govern ment owned? Answers: 1. Russia; 2. Mo lasses; 3. One; 4. Mountain Standard Time; 5. Meade; 6. Brazil; 7. Sailing vessel; 8. ".. . him and me;" 9. James Fenimore Cooperi 10. Govern ment owned. She's If it becomes certain that Medford School Su peintendent Leonard Mayf ield will be unable to go to Russia this fall, because of the ruling against using school district funds for travel outside the state, this school district We are not quarreling with Attorney General Kobert Y. Thornton s He's probably correct What we are quarreling with is a law which puts such a short-sighted re striction on travel by school administrators. IE ENTRUST to our T T trators and teachers ing, as well as the education, of our children. To do this job we should insist on the highest-calibe individuals we can obtain. And a hign-caliber in dividual is one who has a breadth of vision suf ficient to take advantage of every experience which comes his way. If, then, we shut them off from experiences which are going to make tive in the vital jobs they penny-wise and pound-foolish. This applies to conventions and conferences out of state. It also applies to a trip to Russia the nation which is our chief adversary in the "cold war," and one about which we must, to survive, know as much as possible, about its strengths as well as its IT WASN'T long ago that there was a consider- able hoo-raw raised about Russia's being ahead of us in this or that field, If American school administrators are to do the job we want them to do, they must be able to take advantage of every opportunity to improve themselves, their understanding of their jobs, and of the world situation in which their jobs are of such tremendous importance. One woman, who feels this wav too. called the other day to suggest funds can't be used to pay it . 1 J v to.- ii wuum ueuexit patrons oi me aisincii to raise the amount by public subscription. , And she's right. E.A. Budget Time Past County, city and school district officials can relax a little bit, now that budget season has passed. The period between about April and late June, or a little later, is a period for stepping a bit lightly, for weighing as carefully as possible the costs of future needs, and for a fairly good balance of courage, to ask for what is necessary, and caution, to avoid what isn't. A budget, come right down to it, isn't a sacred document. It is a plan of operation and an esti mate of costs. To prepare a good one requires the combined talents of a crystal gazer, an ac countant, a hard-headed banker, a tightwad, and a free-spending idealist. IN JACKSON county, we've been fortunate to have good budgets, most of "the. time and in most of the budgeting units. J? or example, the Medford city buderet was passed with hardly a ripple earlier this year, be cause it was a good one. It was adeauatelv tub- licized, people knew what eitner approved, or objected only to details. The same was true with the countv buderet. which was approved at inursday. borne individuals could quarrel with certain of the budget's provisions, but no one had A -1. m a sumcient kick to maKe any major revision necessary. IN THE case of school districts' budgets, virtu 1 ally all of which are far in excess of the 6 per cent limitation, a vote of memory serves, only two son county were voted down this year, and had to be brought to a second election. This speaks well of the budgeting of a major ity of the school districts, fidence in them. Not so, elsewhere. In Salem this year the school district budget was voted down twice before it finally sneaked by a third election, and Ihis only after drastic, and perhaps serious, trimming. In Roseburg a few trict had a difficult time HESPITE these difficulties, school off icials gen- erally seem to favor elections. ; This is so for several reasons, but among them is the feeling that it keeps the oper ation of the school district closer to its patrons and taxpayers which is the way it should be. In Roseburg, the school crisis of two years ago resulted in far more attention being paid to school matters, the formation- groups interested in schools, and a Better under standing of what the schools are " attempting to do, and why they cost so much. Nonetheless, we'd hazard a guess that budget officers at all levels are glad that the difficult and sometimes delicate job is done until next spring rolls around. E.A. Asking There is satisfaction person a question, but asking someone who THINKS he knows. Sher man County Journal. Right will be the loser. interpretation of the law. school people adminis with much of the train them even more effec do, we are simply being weaknesses. among them education, that, if school district for Dr. Mayf ield s trip, j- i i it contained, and they a public hearing last patrons is necessary. If school budgets in Jack and of the people's con years ago the school dis getting a budget passed. the idea of annual budget of several continuing in asking- an informed it isn't as much fun as Dennis the Today & Tomorrow By Walter JOHNSON AND HIS CRITICS We have been seeing once again that this country can not be governed from the other end of P ennsylvania ave., that is to say from Congress. The Democrats have big ma jorities in both houses but they can not mobilize them - to im pose a postitive program on the President. They can deny him what he asks, and he can deny them what they want. But the center of authority cannot be moved from the White House to the Capitol. This being a presidential system of government,', only the President can govern. The Congress can oppose him, it can obstruct him, and it can stop him from governing. That is why Congress government, as Woodrow Wilson said in his book 75 years ago, is bad government. The Congress cannot take the place of the President in order to govern Instead of him. T bottom of this is, as linrJprstanr? it naenn why Sen. Lyndon Johnson de fers to the President so much on bills dealing with expendi tures. The Democrats with all their majority cannot compel the President to spend more than he is willing to spend. They could compel him to spend less. But they cannot compel him to spend more. For spending is a positive act of governing and Congress cannot itself govern. If, therefore, Congress votes money bills that the President vetoes, and if nei ther then yields to the other, there is a deadlock of mutual obstruction which in the field covered by the bill brings the government to a standstill. A responsible party leader ship will not, in Senator John son's philosophy, bring the government to a standstill. THE Democratic critics of Senator Johnson's leader ship are, at least most of them, aware that these are the facts of life. They know that in the housing bill, for example, they cannot compel the Presi dent to spend more than he is willing to spend. They know, too, that in the final show down they will have to choose between letting the President have the smaUer bill which he wants and getting no house ing bill at all. What they would the critics have Senator Johnson do? They say .they would have him use the Democratic ma jority to pass bills that they believe in, and then to let the President veto them, and, having made this demonstra tion for the record, to accept the President's half-loaf rath er than no bread at fell. - In discussing this proposed tactics in Tuesday's article I pointed out that it is insincere and unconvincing in a time of boom like the present to enact a bill to spend more money unless it is accompan ied by a bill to raise more taxes. If the tactic is insin cere and also unconvincing it is surely not good politics, and Senator Johnson has been right to avoid it. BUT is that all? I think not. The political tactic pro posed by Senator Vohnson's critics would be a mistake. But surely they are not whol ly wrong in their feeling that somehow a Democratic Con gress should be doing some thing of its own besides choosing between obstructing the President or giving in to him. What could that some thing be? It would be to pre Walter " Lippmann pare public opinion for the Menace ' don't look like Tarzam to mbi aw stop calung m 'jwe'i ' Lippmann future, which is not yet here but is near at hand. It would be to prepare public opinion for the decade of the sixties which, assuming that there is no war, is bound to be an era of great innovation and de velopment of our public ac tivitiest . ' For it is inconceivable, to cite a few examples, that a country can spend what we spend on luxuries should tol erate much longer the shame ful neglect and starvation of public education. It is incon ceivable that this country will put up with inadequate medi cal care, with blighted areas in its big cities, with the pol lution of the air and of water with inadequate airports and failing railroads. The public facilities of this country are not keeping up with the growth of the population, the congestion in the cities, and the rising standards of private life. It is as sure as anything of this sort can be that in the decade of the sixties will be a great modernization and ex pansion of public facilities. WITHOUT doubt, this will require more taxes out of a more rapidly growing economy. It is here that Senator John son and the Congressional leadership are missing the bus and are failing to hold the confidence of the new gen eration of Democrats in Con gress and in the country. Not only do they accommodate themselves to the Old Guard Republicans on the spending bills, which is in the circum stances correct, but they give the effect of thinking and talking like the Old Guard Republicans, which is a pity. For while the Democrats in Congress cannot, and should' not try to, govern the country, they can and they should be leading and teach ing the people to realize what the future is going to be like, (c) 1959. New York Herald Tribune Inc. In the Day's News By FRANK JENKINS Foreign affairs: Averell Harriman, who was our wartime ambassador to Russia, returns from a visit to Moscow in the course of which he interview Khrush chev. He told reporters who met him at the airport in New York that he hopes a summit conference will be held in the United States so that Mr. K can see this country for him self. He said: "I think no one makes an accurate report to Khrushchev on the United States. In any case, you can't learn about the U.S. through someone else's eyes. And . . . Khrush chev is calling the signals for Kussian foreign oolicv." He added: "Whenever there are load ed weapons there are dang ers. The situation is danger ous and therefore I think Khrushchev should be in formed FACE TO FACE of our position." LET'S do a little supposing. Snnnosp Mr v Tioc u- X-X . 1. ixot) UCCil told the United States is bluf fing. That its people are fat and soft and won't fight the kind of war that will have to be fought if we are to win. Suppose he WANTS to be lieve that. That he WANTS SO MUCH to believe it that he will believe it. That would be dangerous. Such a belief might lead hirn to be so tough in his demands that war would be inevitable. We must remember that Mr. K is Russia. There is no opin ion there to hold him in check. HE is said to be a shrewd observer. If he IS a Matter of Fact bv jos aisoP "INTERMEDIARY" NIXON The nation wiU shortly be told whether there is to be a crippling strike in the steel industry. The course is still b r e a thlessly 4 l uncertain as these worda are written. Yet this un certainty only increases, the interest of the government behind the Jnspb Alsop scenes. Ostensibly, the Eisenhower administration has played no role at aU in the steel dispute, except when the President asked the industry and union negotiators to keep talking. President Eisenhower rightiy considers that government in tervention in industrial dis putes generally ends in gov ernment arbitration. Hence the elaborate show of nonin tervention in the steel dispute. Behind the scenes, however Secretary of Labor James MitcheUand, more recently Vice President Richard M. Nixon, have pressed for the adoption of a different ap proach by the steel industry's negotiators. WRAPPING themselves in ' , the mantle of the White House has been their ap proach to date. Conrad Coop er, Chief U.S. Steel Co. rep resentative in the bargaining sessions, has refused to- talk about any wage increase for the steel workers because, so he has said, any steel wage increase must mean a steel price increase. A steel price increase, he has added, would run directly counter to Presi dent Eisenhower's great anti inflation drive. Thus the refusal to bargain about wages has been repre sented as "holding the anti inflation line for the Presi dent." This formula has been repeated by the Chairman of U.S. Steel, Roger M. Blough and the heads of all the other major steel companies. Among ine latter, the President of National Steel, George M. Humphrey, has spoken with an especially powerful voice as President Eisenhower's great crony and mentor. According "to well authen ticated reports, Secretary of Labor Mitchell has sharply disagreed with the Blough -Humphrey - Cooper line, for three main reasons. First, Mitchell does not believe that any steel wage increase would necessarily require a steel price increase. He is con vinced, on the contrary, that the industry can quite easily absorb a modest wage in crease, in the range of nine cents an hour. He is also con vinced that the Steelworkers' Union, which wants to avoid a strike, would be glad to make this kind of bargain at this time. - SECOND, Mitchell is equally convinced that the union Support- Grows, But Slowly, for Use of International Law By LORNA MORLEY (Editor's note: The grow ing part played by force and threats of force in world affairs is directing at tention to the possibility of making more use of judi cial processes to settle the points of disagreement among nations. The Eisen hower administration and the American Bar associa- shrewd observer . . . and if he comes here in person and gets a good look at America and Americans ... I don't be lieve he will go back to Mos cow with the idea that Ameri cans are soft and flabby and incapable of fighting the kind of war that in the end would destroy Russia. Such a visit as Mr. Ham- man suggests could be a good idea. MORE foreign afairs: Rv a vote of BS to 26. the senate of the U.S. passes a bill authorizing about 3V4 billion dollars in foreign aid. The President has asked about four billion. The house of rep resentatives has already pass ed a bill approving slightly less than the amount named in the senate biU. It seems improbable, Wash ington dispatches indicate, that the house - senate con ference committee will make any considerable changes in the senate bill. r S that good? Or is it bad? Let's put it this way: The reduction in the Presidents request amounts roughly to about 10 per cent - or a dime out of each foreign aid dollar. It isn't at aU improbable that there is that much WASTE in our foreign aid spending. That is to say: By cutting out the . waste, we could break even. will strike long and hard, If the workers are offered no wage increase at all. Third Mitchell foresees that a pro longed steel strike will end by raising steel wages by much more than nine cents an hour. And this much high er future wage increase, he argues, wiU indeed force an inflationary increase in steel prices. According to the same well authenticated report, Mitchell pressed these decidedly un palatable arguments on both Blough and Humphrey some time ago. In both cases, ap parently, the result was an extremely lively scene. The Chairman of the Board of U. S. Steel is reliably stated to have left Mitchell's office in dignantly proclaiming that he was more anxious to support the President than the Presi dent's own Secretary of La bor. On Tuesday, Vice President Nixon was brought into the act by the President of the Steelworkers Union, David J. McDonald. Knowing Mitch ell's viewpoint, and knowing that Nixon largely agreed with the Secretary of Labor, McDonald went ; to Nixon in Pittsburgh to warn him of imminent danger of a steel strike. NIXON in turn went to the former Chairman of U.S. Steel, Benjamin F. Fairless. Once again, according to well authenticated reports, the Vice President repeated to Fairless the argument - warn ing of Secretary Mitchell. He told Fairless in effect, "Bet ter talk about a small wage increase now, than take a long strike and have to grant a big ger increase later. It is further stated on good authority that Nixon showed willingness to act as an inter mediary, though most em phatically not as an arbitra tor, between the two aides in the steel dispute. Both sides in the dispute are now rigid with mutual suspicion and hostility. An impartial, non irritant 'transmitter of mes sages could therefore be very useful. The union, still hoping to avoid a strike, is eager to use Nixon in this manner. But an intermediary who will not arbitrate has little work to do, if all the messages he has to transmit come from one side only. Normally, one might pre dict that the steel industry's leaders would end by being swayed by the Secretary of Labor and the Vice President. But there is an additional actor in the equation. The President asked none other than George M. .Humphrey to spend last week end with him. With this additional fact or, so potentially strong yet so difficult to assess accurate ly, the equation can only be solved by events. (c) 1959 New York Herald Tribune Inc. tion are advancing sals to that end.) propo- Washington - President Eis enhower said in his State of the Union message last winter that he was determined, dur ing the final two years of his administration to intensify ef forts "to replace force with a genuine rule of law among nations." All peoples of the world, he observed,, were "sorely tired of the fear, destruction, and the waste of war." Vice President Nixon went into more detail before the Acad emy of Political Science in mid-April. He pointed out that the primary problem was "not the creation of new in ternational institutions but the full and more fruitful use of the institutions we already possess." Signed Clause When the United States be came a member of the World Court in 1946, it signed the optional clause accepting the compulsory jurisdiction of the tribunal in certain types of cases. But what it gave with one hand it virtually took away with the other. The so-called Connally reservation except ed cases involving essentially domestic matters and said the United States would be the judge as to what matters were domestic. With this country leading the way, numerous others similarly qualified their acceptance of the com pulsory jurisdiction clause, and the Communist nations failed to sign the clause even with reservations. This reluctance to agreen in advance to adjudication of in ternational disputes has been in good part responsible for the World Court's compara tive idleness. In a dozen years it decided only ten cases. Seek Modification The vice president made it GWILUCCC (By M-T Staff and Contributors) As this is written, it's warm. No, let's be factual. It's hot. The mechanical contriv ance which we hopefully refer to as an air conditioner - an arrangement of fans, ducts and wet pads it doing it's valiant but inadequate best. ' The thought of a tall, frosty something in fist after we get home is almost overpower ing. Perhaps the nudists, about whom you can read elsewhere in today's paper, have some thing. Then again . . . Even they admit that not everyone is so arranged psy chologically to adapt to such activities. The reporter who wrote the story, incidentally, is not a member of the group, and says he has no plans to join. But he was impressed with the obvious sincerity and wholesomeness of the nudists, which is so much at variance with the sly salaciousness of much of the stuff one finds on the news stands these days. Beards, as you know, still remain a few of them even though most have van ished. A staff writer on the Salem Capital Journal shaved his off the other day and remarked to his col leagues, "Boy am I glad to get those whiskers off! I was getting tired of shak ing hands with my wife." The Portland Oregonian and the Oregon Journal of Portland arrive in this office at about the same time of day. One is the . earliest edi tion of the morning paper, the other is the last edition of the evening paper. One day. last week each had a picture of the Russian dog and rabbit which were shot up in a rocket and re covered. One picture was credited to the Associated Press, the other to United Press International. The pictures were identi cal - except that one had been reversed, and printed back ward. We knew the AP and the UPI (not to mention the Ore gonian and the Journal) are in competition. But can't they stand having just-alike pic tures ONCE in a while? Overheard on a golf course, Caddiemaster to Caddie: "Well, don't just stand there looking dumb like you were a member. Grab those bags and start moving!" "Shortage of beds" is J phase heard much throughout the land in' these days of hos pitals which are too small to accommodate all the patients, and doctors know the prob lems such a shortage brings But local medicos are. re portedly, faced with a dif ferent kind of shortage of beds. The Medical Society convention is going to be held in Medford this fall, and those making the arrange ments are afraid there may not be enough places for all the delegatets to sleep. We had an item about a horse - car accident in the clear in his April speech that genuinely domestic matters must remain within the juris diction of domestic courts but he said the Connally reserva tion should be modified. A Democratic senator, Humph rey of Minnesota, has intro duced a resolution to revoke the privilege now claimed and let the World Court determine whether a dispute is essential ly domestic or essentially in ternational. The administra tion has not yet taken a stand. But Nixon suggested that future international agree ments, political as well as economic, should include pro visions (1) requiring suDims- sion to tne wona uoun vl disputes over interpretation of their terms and (2) binding the parties to accept the deci sion of the Court ABA Campaigns A committee of the Ameri can Bar association iea Dy Charles S. Rhyne, former ABA president, is campaign ing for modification of the Connally reservation. Rhyne has proposed also that the World Court be moved from its present seat at The Hague to United Nations headquarters in New York, and that it make arrange ments to hear future com plaints in or near the country where they arise. Another Rhyne proposal, which the re cent Atlantic Congress in London agreed to study, would have the North Atlan tic Treaty Organization set up a court to handle economic disputes, including claims made by individuals, that in volve NATO nations. Various reasons have been. advanced for failure of na paper the other day. Actu ally, it was a story about a car hitting a horse. But that alert fellow down in Phoenix leaped for his scis sors with glee, clipped it out, and mailed . it to us. commenting: "Covered Wagons. Pony Express rid ers and now a horse-car on the Pacific highway add to the hazards of motorized ' traffic. Isn't this overdoing the Centennial theme a bit?" And what's a horse-car? Our friend thoughtfully went on to discuss them, thinking that some of the younger generation might never have heard of one. Ac tually, it's just a street car pulled by a horse Instead of propelled by electricity. (What's that son? What's a street car? Well it's sort of like one car out of a passen ger train . . . What? A pas senger tram? Oh, thats- a. freight train that carries peo ple instead.) Our friend discourses fur ther: "Market tstreet in San Francisco used to be crawl ing with them (and I do mean crawling), but I doubt that Portland ever progressed that far. So that squelches the above comment as far as its relationship to our Centennial is concerned." Come, now, Fletch. No sec ond thoughts. A couple of county offi cials were discussing the misdeeds of modern - day youth, and one of them said, "Why, I'd never have done such a thing!" "You just have a short memory," replied another, a trifle cynically. but very likely with some truth. We found the following -er composition on our desk the other day, motivated by a communication recommend ing calendar reform: Time doesn't run by calendar. Where it comes, from, no one knows. -It's how to use it, that's the point, Not how or where it goes. Pullman porter, looking thoughtfully out the win dow of a train passing through the desolate plains of Wyoming: "If I had a thousand acres of that land out there, I'd be a lot poor er than I is now!" A family we have heard about were out of town, but were due back soon. A couple of (shall we caU them friends?) knew of this, and dropped by the house a few hours before the time of their return. They filled the bathtub with about 25 gallons of water and mixed in enough Jello to make a nice firm mix ture. Next they drained the hot water tank and disconnected it. Then they left hurriedly - just as the homeowners drove up and found themselves with the chore of scooping 25 gal lons of gooy mass out of the bathtub. Glug. tions to make greater use of international law and legal procedures as a means of set tling disputes among them. For one thing, resort to law is not a promising way to ease East-West tensions. Com munist doctrine holds that in ternational law protects the status quo which Communists want to overthrow, so the So viet bloc countries are scorn ful of Western traditions of jurisprudence. Fear for Interests But the basic reason why all nations, especially power ful nations, are loathe to make advance commitments to submit to judicial process is their fear that a court deci sion might gravely impair vi tal national interests. It is more realistic, some observers assert, to seek ne gotiated settlements of politi cal disputees, for a judicial determination of what is pri marily a political question may not result in solution or the underlying problem. It is contended also that law can not be regarded as a true sub stitute for force or threat of force so long as a government believes that force may assure more complete attainment of its objectives. Practical considerations like these suggest that internation al law now has no more than limited usefulness in the criti cal relationships of nations. However, international law, compared with national law, is in its infancy. As time goes on, it may become increasing ly an agency and force for peace, assuming that other measures meanwhile keep the world from holocaust.