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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 14, 1957)
4 52nd Year M EDFORD United Press Full Leased Wire Price 10 Cents I'-' Jf . w " Tribune United Press FuJl Leased Wire o Second Section MEDFORD, OREGON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1957 Pages 1-6 Division -Difff icyif in ducation ussia By ELEANOR ROOSEVELT New York Forty years a2o, before the Revolution in the Soviet Union, only about 10 per cent of the people could read and write. Today free. It is a little difficult to divide Soviet education and health and social welfare into completely separate departments, because the training of a doctor comes 1 f Mrs. F ocial Welfare m Claims The students are divided as fol lows: Engineering, science and architecture, transport and corn mists, economics and law, teach er training, mcdicme and sports. education is There are 3.800 technical institu tions. A student is granted 290 rubles (S29) to live as a student for the first year and 780 rubles in the higher grades. Twenty-one rubles pay for a room and three rubles. three unaer education and certain i three kopecks for a meal medical institutes come under ; mcals a day. social welfare. I Samp Pattern Over Country Actually, education starts in the first year of a child's life. From the time it is born the mother takes the child to the district center once a month for medical attention and is trained My main impression of Soviet education was the fact that the pattern laid down in Moscow is actually carried out throughout the whole country. Nurseries ex ist everywhere on state farms, herself in ways of exercising ! collective farms and in factories. So do the kindergartens; so do the schools. Actually, in a country as big as the U.S.S.R. with a varied population, there have to be edu cational adjustments in various parts of the nation, and each re public, they told me. is inde pendent. In many cases, where the language is different, the schools teach the local language with Russian as the second language. I will tell you how this is accomplished in Tash kent; in the Republic of Uzbeck istan, which is as far as I could get from Moscow. The organization of education, medicine or social welfare is much the same everywhere. In Tashkent, as I went through an academy of music, I was told they had 30 schools of music in the" Uzbeck Republic. Specializ ing in music at the academy re quires five years of training. Many Orchestras This academy has 350 students and 150 teachers. Its purpose is to seek out young people gifted in music to become teachers or enter into any of the many musical careers open to them throughout the Soviet Union, where there are many orchestras and music is provided in the amusement parks and many of the city squares. I was told that 40 years ago there w-ere no music schools and the music of the'area was hand ed down from generation to gen eration. While the music of all countries now is taught, the play ing of national instruments is still preserved. This particular academy in Tashkent has a philharmonic or chestra with two divisions, and the state provides 6.000,000 rubles a year to run the acad- and training her baby. Then the baby goes to a nursery, after that to a kindergarten. Technical Education From the kindergarten the child begins seven-or 10-year-school. At 14. when it completes seven-year-school, the child may decide to take a technical edu cation. Here there may be three or four years of training leading toward some kind of a skilled job. A nurse, for instance, would have seven years and three or four more in specialized train ing. If a child goes on to 10-year-school, it then must make up its mind whether it wishes to be an engineer, an architect, a teacher, or a lawyer. Five years are needed to prepare for a chosen profession. If the child decides to be a doctor, it must have six years after which three years are -given to the state, wherever the state decides, though at present an effort is made to consult the wishes of the student. After that, the doc tor may specialize and higher examinations must be taken. Anyone who goes to technical school for three or four years may take an examination if he decides to go on to a university. Visited Moscow University In Moscow, I visited Moscow university, a new building with a tall tower which gives a beau tiful view of the city. There is a separate building for engineer ing and for other faculties. In 1955-'56 there were 22.000 enrolled in the university. 16. 000 on full time and 6,000 in correspondence or evening courses. In the country as a whole, there are 1.800,065 enrolled in 765 universities and colleges. emy. The academy is not only interested in music, however. There are 30 theaters in the Re public of Uzbeckistan, providing employment for youngsters who take drama. A new development in the U.S.S.R. school system is the boarding school, and I went to visit one in Tashkent. Here chil dren enroll as they leave kinder garten, going home to their fam ilies on the week ends. Schools to Control Thought I surmise these boarding schools were established largely for political reasons, to control the thought of young people. But I was told they were set up to make life easier for the families because, as yet, housing is diffi cult and. since all the women work, it is not easy to look after the children at home. There are 12 boarding schools in Tashkent and 19 in the whole Uzbeck Republic, as well as 85 orphanages for the very needy. The republic has 72,000 teach ers. Samarkand, near Tashkent, is a very old city. The oldest part was destroyed and only the ruins are left, but much is being re stored and some of the colors of the old mosaics have remained brilliant. In Samarkand, there are 41 schools with 26.000 pupils. They have 16,000 students in four col leges and 1,400 students in the medical institutes. They have six scientific research institutes. Interested in Research I would like to stress the fact that the government of the U.S.S.R. is interested in research in every possible field and the advances being made are due to the fact that both money and men are available to these re search institutes. Samarkand is the center of a great agricultural district. It has. however, 55 factories. Some make cinema apparatus, but they concentrate on the food industry and spare parts for agricultural machinery. I went through a Samarkand hospital where 260 children suf fered from bone TB and had come from throughout the dis trict. In Tashkent, I went through a factory which makes cotton and thread and employs 18.000 workers, of whom 75 per cent are women. The" average factory wage is 750 rubles ($75) a month. But for engineers the wage is 1,200 to 2,000 rubles a month and the chief engineer who Come in now for a peek at the '58 Chevrolet! It's yours for the asking. Your Chevro let dealer will be happy to show you a booklet containing advance information about the '58 Chevrolet. Be prepared to see startling changes! The new Chevrolet will have spectacular new styling lower, wider and much longer. There will not only be Full Coil sus pension, there will be a new air ride, first in the Chevrolet field! Chevrolet will offer a totally new design in V8's, so radically changed this en gine will even look different. The line will have two all-new luxury models of magnificent distinction. These are only hints. Stop by your Chevrolet dealer's soon and take a peek. While you're there, check on an early order. Be a '58 Chevrolet-Firster. '58 Chevrolet, Thursday, October 31 mm 1$ i 7 . 8'tvm You can place your order now at Your Local Authorized Chevrolet Dealer's showed us around makes 2,500 month. The factory runs on three shifts and. while I was assured that the air is kept free from lint, I was not convinced that this was done to the point of absolute safetv. Everything Planned in Moscow This will give you some idea of the extent of the organiza tion of education and of the way health, education and social wel fare all impinge on each other. It is well to bear in mind that everything in the Soviet Union is planned in Moscow and car ried out along much the same plan in every part of the coun try, except for minor adjust ments that may be absolutely essential. But whatever form is adopted, it is compulsory. There were many questions in my mind that could not be an swered in my short stay in the Soviet Union. I am trying, how ever, to give you a picture of conditions there as they are to day. But. remember, we have to look at this from the point of view of people who had very little of either education or medi cal care in the days before the Revolution. There are many things that Americans would get very little out of and would resent, be cause our background and op portunities have been entirely different. But it is a mistake not to recognize what is hap pening in the U.S.S.R. so that we may be better prepared to meet the challenge and show the real gains that can be made in a free country to the benefit of the world. (Copyright. 1957, by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.) T 1 1 IS h I" t If & SPUTNIK ON THE RUN U. S. Air Force photograph ers stationed at Elmendorf Air Force Base in Alaska spotted and photographed the Russian earth satellite as it whizzed across the skies just after five in the morning. The satellite's speed was so great that in dividual photographs could not be obtained. The time exposure reveals the satel lite as a brilliant streak of light against the blackened sky. Great Deal of Money Spent for Developing Helicopter Service By A. ROBERT SMITH Mail Tribune Correspondent Washington The federal government is spending a great deal of money in hopes of fos tering the sort of local helicop ter service that Alaska Airlines last week said it wants to pro vide for the m e t r opolitan areas if Seattle and Portland and the Willam- a rom smith ette Valley. But the whole helicopter ex periment and governmtnt of ficials frankly call it an experi ment which may or may not pan out must come quite some dis tance before the Northwest can expect to see the air filled with whirleybirds. Alaska Airlines is just one of 70 applicants for hel icopter service who have been forced to sit out the experiment al stage and hope the results are successful. Three commercial helicopter airlines are now functioning, in Los Angeles, Chicago and New York, and no more are expected to be certified by the Civil Aer onautics Board until these com panies have come closer to break ing even than they have to date. It is now costing Uncle Sam about SI, 000. 000 a year for each of these operations in flat sub sidies ti keep the helicopter op erators from going broke. The bill since the experiment began is 815,000,000 or more. Problem In Machine Basically, the problem seems to lie in the nature of the ma chine itself. Manufacturers have yet to provide these companies with suitable, economical heli copters that will shave costs and WRECKED PAMIR DOCKS Hamburg, Germany (IP) Wreckage from the German windjammer Pamir has arrived here for possible use as evidence in the marine court hearing on the ship"s loss, it was disclosed Saturday. The wreckage was brought to Hamburg, home port of the Pamir, by a freighter that had been in the area where the vessel went down in a mid-Atlantic hurricane Sept. 21 with a loss of 80 of the 86 persons aboard. NTW BURGLARY TWIST Waterloo, Iowa IIP) Authori ties said burglars broke out of a drug store instead of breaking in. They said the bandits appar ently hid in the store when the owner locked up then smash ed the back door to get out. increase payloads. Los Angeles Airways has been using the Si korsky S-55, which seats only seven passengers plus baggage. If every seat was occupied on every trip, it still would not pay off. The Pentagon has been an in terested party in all of this, put ting unknown sums into major development work on bigger hel icopters. Alaska Airlines said it planned to use a commercial ver sion of the S-56, a two-engine ma chine used by the Marine Corps, and Navy and capable of carry ing 35 passengers. The military is well satisfied with the S100,000,00 to $250,- 000,000 which it has sunk into helicopter development, if only for the 22,000 servicemen res cued by helicopter in the Korean war. Its use has revolutionized the tactical deployment of com bat roops. Dollars And Ceinls But the commercial experi ment, unlike the military con siderations, is predominantly concerned with dollars and cents. The single engine vehicle now in use in the three cities must be replaced by twin engine helicopters for safety's sake as well as the sake of bigger ca pacity. Looking into the future, Ray mond Sawyer, executive direct or of the CAB, said, "Paradoxic ally, I believe that the fast-moving jet age in long-haul air trans portation will usher in the slow er moving helicopter age in the short-haul air transportation." Sawyer believes helicopters can tap the short-haul market, trips of less than 250 miles. Airlines today get only 21 2 per cent of this traffic. The Post Office Department has been in on the experiment, paying the helicopters to carry air mail from airports to down town post offices and outlying communities. Trucks can do it cheaper now, but the post office is looking ahead. But the depart ment doesn't want to extend the experiment to other cities until the costs come down. "When American industry has met that challenge," observed Sawyer, "and we have a multi engine, economic, 35 to 50-place vehicle, which has a reasonable chance of operating commercial ly without government subsidy, I am sure you will find the Civil Aeronautis Board, now as in the past, no only willing, but anxious to join in doing its part to de velop this new dimension of air transportation into the wonder ful era we all know it will be." And that's when helicopter service can be expected to come to the Pacific Northwest. Not before. 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