4
52nd Year
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EDFORD
United Press Full Leased Wire
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United Press FuJl Leased Wire
o Second Section
MEDFORD, OREGON, MONDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1957
Pages 1-6
Division
-Difff icyif in
ducation
ussia
By ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
New York Forty years a2o,
before the Revolution in the
Soviet Union, only about 10 per
cent of the people could read
and write. Today
free.
It is a little difficult to divide
Soviet education and health and
social welfare into completely
separate departments, because
the training of a doctor comes
1
f
Mrs. F
ocial Welfare
m Claims
The students are divided as fol
lows: Engineering, science and
architecture, transport and corn
mists, economics and law, teach
er training, mcdicme and sports.
education is There are 3.800 technical institu
tions.
A student is granted 290 rubles
(S29) to live as a student for the
first year and 780 rubles in the
higher grades. Twenty-one rubles
pay for a room and three rubles.
three
unaer education and certain i three kopecks for a meal
medical institutes come under ; mcals a day.
social welfare. I Samp Pattern Over Country
Actually, education starts in
the first year of a child's life.
From the time it is born the
mother takes the child to the
district center once a month for
medical attention and is trained
My main impression of Soviet
education was the fact that the
pattern laid down in Moscow is
actually carried out throughout
the whole country. Nurseries ex
ist everywhere on state farms,
herself in ways of exercising ! collective farms and in factories.
So do the kindergartens; so do
the schools.
Actually, in a country as big
as the U.S.S.R. with a varied
population, there have to be edu
cational adjustments in various
parts of the nation, and each re
public, they told me. is inde
pendent. In many cases, where
the language is different, the
schools teach the local language
with Russian as the second
language. I will tell you how
this is accomplished in Tash
kent; in the Republic of Uzbeck
istan, which is as far as I could
get from Moscow.
The organization of education,
medicine or social welfare is
much the same everywhere. In
Tashkent, as I went through an
academy of music, I was told
they had 30 schools of music in
the" Uzbeck Republic. Specializ
ing in music at the academy re
quires five years of training.
Many Orchestras
This academy has 350 students
and 150 teachers. Its purpose is
to seek out young people gifted
in music to become teachers or
enter into any of the many
musical careers open to them
throughout the Soviet Union,
where there are many orchestras
and music is provided in the
amusement parks and many of
the city squares.
I was told that 40 years ago
there w-ere no music schools and
the music of the'area was hand
ed down from generation to gen
eration. While the music of all
countries now is taught, the play
ing of national instruments is
still preserved.
This particular academy in
Tashkent has a philharmonic or
chestra with two divisions, and
the state provides 6.000,000
rubles a year to run the acad-
and training her baby. Then the
baby goes to a nursery, after
that to a kindergarten.
Technical Education
From the kindergarten the
child begins seven-or 10-year-school.
At 14. when it completes
seven-year-school, the child may
decide to take a technical edu
cation. Here there may be three
or four years of training leading
toward some kind of a skilled
job. A nurse, for instance, would
have seven years and three or
four more in specialized train
ing. If a child goes on to 10-year-school,
it then must make up its
mind whether it wishes to be
an engineer, an architect, a
teacher, or a lawyer. Five years
are needed to prepare for a
chosen profession. If the child
decides to be a doctor, it must
have six years after which three
years are -given to the state,
wherever the state decides,
though at present an effort is
made to consult the wishes of
the student. After that, the doc
tor may specialize and higher
examinations must be taken.
Anyone who goes to technical
school for three or four years
may take an examination if he
decides to go on to a university.
Visited Moscow University
In Moscow, I visited Moscow
university, a new building with
a tall tower which gives a beau
tiful view of the city. There is a
separate building for engineer
ing and for other faculties.
In 1955-'56 there were 22.000
enrolled in the university. 16.
000 on full time and 6,000 in
correspondence or evening
courses.
In the country as a whole,
there are 1.800,065 enrolled in
765 universities and colleges.
emy. The academy is not only
interested in music, however.
There are 30 theaters in the Re
public of Uzbeckistan, providing
employment for youngsters who
take drama.
A new development in the
U.S.S.R. school system is the
boarding school, and I went to
visit one in Tashkent. Here chil
dren enroll as they leave kinder
garten, going home to their fam
ilies on the week ends.
Schools to Control Thought
I surmise these boarding
schools were established largely
for political reasons, to control
the thought of young people. But
I was told they were set up to
make life easier for the families
because, as yet, housing is diffi
cult and. since all the women
work, it is not easy to look after
the children at home.
There are 12 boarding schools
in Tashkent and 19 in the whole
Uzbeck Republic, as well as 85
orphanages for the very needy.
The republic has 72,000 teach
ers. Samarkand, near Tashkent, is
a very old city. The oldest part
was destroyed and only the ruins
are left, but much is being re
stored and some of the colors of
the old mosaics have remained
brilliant.
In Samarkand, there are 41
schools with 26.000 pupils. They
have 16,000 students in four col
leges and 1,400 students in the
medical institutes. They have
six scientific research institutes.
Interested in Research
I would like to stress the fact
that the government of the
U.S.S.R. is interested in research
in every possible field and the
advances being made are due to
the fact that both money and
men are available to these re
search institutes.
Samarkand is the center of a
great agricultural district. It
has. however, 55 factories. Some
make cinema apparatus, but they
concentrate on the food industry
and spare parts for agricultural
machinery.
I went through a Samarkand
hospital where 260 children suf
fered from bone TB and had
come from throughout the dis
trict. In Tashkent, I went through
a factory which makes cotton
and thread and employs 18.000
workers, of whom 75 per cent
are women. The" average factory
wage is 750 rubles ($75) a month.
But for engineers the wage is
1,200 to 2,000 rubles a month
and the chief engineer who
Come in now for a peek
at the '58 Chevrolet!
It's yours for the asking. Your Chevro
let dealer will be happy to show you a
booklet containing advance information
about the '58 Chevrolet. Be prepared
to see startling changes!
The new Chevrolet will have spectacular
new styling lower, wider and much
longer.
There will not only be Full Coil sus
pension, there will be a new air ride,
first in the Chevrolet field!
Chevrolet will offer a totally new design
in V8's, so radically changed this en
gine will even look different.
The line will have two all-new luxury
models of magnificent distinction.
These are only hints. Stop by your
Chevrolet dealer's soon and take a peek.
While you're there, check on an early
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showed us around makes 2,500
month.
The factory runs on three
shifts and. while I was assured
that the air is kept free from
lint, I was not convinced that
this was done to the point of
absolute safetv.
Everything Planned in Moscow
This will give you some idea
of the extent of the organiza
tion of education and of the way
health, education and social wel
fare all impinge on each other.
It is well to bear in mind that
everything in the Soviet Union
is planned in Moscow and car
ried out along much the same
plan in every part of the coun
try, except for minor adjust
ments that may be absolutely
essential. But whatever form is
adopted, it is compulsory.
There were many questions in
my mind that could not be an
swered in my short stay in the
Soviet Union. I am trying, how
ever, to give you a picture of
conditions there as they are to
day. But. remember, we have
to look at this from the point
of view of people who had very
little of either education or medi
cal care in the days before the
Revolution.
There are many things that
Americans would get very little
out of and would resent, be
cause our background and op
portunities have been entirely
different. But it is a mistake
not to recognize what is hap
pening in the U.S.S.R. so that
we may be better prepared to
meet the challenge and show the
real gains that can be made in a
free country to the benefit of
the world.
(Copyright. 1957, by United
Feature Syndicate, Inc.)
T
1 1
IS
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I"
t
If &
SPUTNIK ON THE RUN
U. S. Air Force photograph
ers stationed at Elmendorf
Air Force Base in Alaska
spotted and photographed
the Russian earth satellite
as it whizzed across the
skies just after five in the
morning. The satellite's
speed was so great that in
dividual photographs could
not be obtained. The time
exposure reveals the satel
lite as a brilliant streak of
light against the blackened
sky.
Great Deal of Money
Spent for Developing
Helicopter Service
By A. ROBERT SMITH
Mail Tribune Correspondent
Washington The federal
government is spending a great
deal of money in hopes of fos
tering the sort
of local helicop
ter service that
Alaska Airlines
last week said
it wants to pro
vide for the
m e t r opolitan
areas if Seattle
and Portland
and the Willam-
a rom smith ette Valley.
But the whole helicopter ex
periment and governmtnt of
ficials frankly call it an experi
ment which may or may not pan
out must come quite some dis
tance before the Northwest can
expect to see the air filled with
whirleybirds. Alaska Airlines is
just one of 70 applicants for hel
icopter service who have been
forced to sit out the experiment
al stage and hope the results are
successful.
Three commercial helicopter
airlines are now functioning, in
Los Angeles, Chicago and New
York, and no more are expected
to be certified by the Civil Aer
onautics Board until these com
panies have come closer to break
ing even than they have to date.
It is now costing Uncle Sam
about SI, 000. 000 a year for each
of these operations in flat sub
sidies ti keep the helicopter op
erators from going broke. The
bill since the experiment began
is 815,000,000 or more.
Problem In Machine
Basically, the problem seems
to lie in the nature of the ma
chine itself. Manufacturers have
yet to provide these companies
with suitable, economical heli
copters that will shave costs and
WRECKED PAMIR DOCKS
Hamburg, Germany (IP)
Wreckage from the German
windjammer Pamir has arrived
here for possible use as evidence
in the marine court hearing on
the ship"s loss, it was disclosed
Saturday. The wreckage was
brought to Hamburg, home port
of the Pamir, by a freighter that
had been in the area where the
vessel went down in a mid-Atlantic
hurricane Sept. 21 with a
loss of 80 of the 86 persons
aboard.
NTW BURGLARY TWIST
Waterloo, Iowa IIP) Authori
ties said burglars broke out of
a drug store instead of breaking
in. They said the bandits appar
ently hid in the store when the
owner locked up then smash
ed the back door to get out.
increase payloads. Los Angeles
Airways has been using the Si
korsky S-55, which seats only
seven passengers plus baggage.
If every seat was occupied on
every trip, it still would not pay
off.
The Pentagon has been an in
terested party in all of this, put
ting unknown sums into major
development work on bigger hel
icopters. Alaska Airlines said it
planned to use a commercial ver
sion of the S-56, a two-engine ma
chine used by the Marine Corps,
and Navy and capable of carry
ing 35 passengers.
The military is well satisfied
with the S100,000,00 to $250,-
000,000 which it has sunk into
helicopter development, if only
for the 22,000 servicemen res
cued by helicopter in the Korean
war. Its use has revolutionized
the tactical deployment of com
bat roops.
Dollars And Ceinls
But the commercial experi
ment, unlike the military con
siderations, is predominantly
concerned with dollars and
cents. The single engine vehicle
now in use in the three cities
must be replaced by twin engine
helicopters for safety's sake as
well as the sake of bigger ca
pacity. Looking into the future, Ray
mond Sawyer, executive direct
or of the CAB, said, "Paradoxic
ally, I believe that the fast-moving
jet age in long-haul air trans
portation will usher in the slow
er moving helicopter age in the
short-haul air transportation."
Sawyer believes helicopters can
tap the short-haul market, trips
of less than 250 miles. Airlines
today get only 21 2 per cent of
this traffic.
The Post Office Department
has been in on the experiment,
paying the helicopters to carry
air mail from airports to down
town post offices and outlying
communities. Trucks can do it
cheaper now, but the post office
is looking ahead. But the depart
ment doesn't want to extend the
experiment to other cities until
the costs come down.
"When American industry has
met that challenge," observed
Sawyer, "and we have a multi
engine, economic, 35 to 50-place
vehicle, which has a reasonable
chance of operating commercial
ly without government subsidy,
I am sure you will find the Civil
Aeronautis Board, now as in the
past, no only willing, but anxious
to join in doing its part to de
velop this new dimension of air
transportation into the wonder
ful era we all know it will be."
And that's when helicopter
service can be expected to come
to the Pacific Northwest. Not
before.
LOOK ALIKES Pamela (left) and Patricia Schatz, two-weeks-old
Siamese twins, strike a similar pose in a
Philadelphia hospital during their photo debut after their
separation operation. The twins had been joined back to
back at the pelvis.
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"SCOWL STRIKE" ENDS
Rio De Janeiro (IP) Cho
rus girls at a Rio night club call
ed off a "scowl strike" Saturday
following the settlement of a dis
pute with the management. For
the duration of the dispute, the
girls had refused to smile at the
customers.
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