Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989, April 22, 1956, Image 5

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Medford mail tribune., April 22, 1956, Image 5

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Newspaper Page TextGREAT DECISIONS Topic No. 5 How Should the U. S. Deal With Red China? THE PROBLEM The U.S. faces one of the most difficult foreign policy decisions in its history where China is concerned. A wartime ally and one of the five "great powers" in the allied world, China was granted a permanent' seat on the powerful United Nations Se curity cquncil. along with the U.S., Britain, France and Russia. Today the Security Council is occupied by the Nationalist Re public of China, a government in exile headed by Chiang Kai shek, which rules over Taiwan (Formosa) an island the size of Connecticut and Massachusetts combined. Mainland China, the greatest population mass in the world, comprising 20 per cent of the earth's population, is ruled by a communist government, the People's Democratic Republic of China. UN troops from 16 dit ferent nations battled Chinese communist armies during the Korean war. U.S. casualties numbered 100,000. The UN branded communist China an aggressor and the U.S. has re fused to extend diplomatic rec ognition to the Peiping govern ment. But by now, the communist regime is recognized by 25 na tions as the legal government of China. Red China's growing im portance economically and mili tarily, her close partnership with Russia and her friendly re lations with important neutrals may force a showdown this year. It may come in the UN, over seating the communist delega tion; or on the diplomatic and economic battlegrounds of the intensified 1956 cold war; or as World War III. touched off by U.S.-Chinese fighting in the For mosa strait. What are the specific conflicts between the U.S. and Red China? What ties and obligations does the U.S. have to the Nation alist government? How are these Issue shaping up in 1956? Where do our allies stand? How much room is there for negotiation, compromise, a settlement or war-to-the-finish. Story in Headlines Here are the most important events of 1955-56 in headline stories: Jan. 1, 135! The Red China government announced agree ment with North Korea on de tails of a $338,000,000 aid and barter program to help rebuild the war-shattered North Korean economy. Chinese grants and loans will provide North Korea with build ing materials, communications and transportation equipment, steel, metal products, machin ery, raw chemicals, coal, paper, cotton and textile machinery. In return, China will receive electric power, minerals, fish and fruit. Jan. 10. 1955 UN Secretary (the General Dag Hammarskjold and Red China's premier and foreign minister, Chou En-lai, concluded a five-day conference. Ham marskjold has been attempting to secure the release of UN mili tary personnel held by China as spies since the Korean war. Jan. 30, 1355 Russia request ed an emergency meeting of the Security Council to consider "U.S. acts of aggression against the Chinese People's Republic in the Taiwan (Formosa) area and other islands of China." The UN secretary general ex tended an invitation to commu nist China to send representa tives to the Security Council debate on the Taiwan situation and particularly the question of a cease-fire. Feb. 3. 1955 Red China's for eign minister refused a UN in vitation to send observers to the Security Council debate on a Taiwan strait cease-fire. China will send a delegate to the UN only if the Chinese Nationalist representatives are driven out of the Security Council and the Council agrees to discuss the Russian proposal for condemn ing U.S. "acts of aggression" in the Taiwan area. Feb. 14, 1955 Communist party chairman Mao Tse-tung praised Russian economic assist ance to Red China and boasted "With the great cooperation be tween China and the Soviet Union . . . should imperialists start a war of aggression we . . . will certainly wipe them clean from the surface of the globe." April 2. 1955 The U.S. State department announced that 76 Chinese students who have been refused exit visas are "free to depart" for their homes. They had been detained on the grounds they possess technical knowledge and skills 'which might be of aid to the Chinese communist government. April 23, 1955 A Red Chi nese proposal for joint talks with the U.S. on a peaceful set tlement of the Taiwan crisis was received in Washington. The of fer, released in Bandung, Indo nesia, before a conference of 29 Asian and African countries, was hailed at the conference as a major contribution to peace in the Far East. April 24, 1955 The National ist Chinese government declared it will "never sit down at the same table" with representa tives of communist China. April 27, 1955 President Eis enhower endorsed Secretary of State Dulles' statement that the Chinese Nationalists would not necessarily have to be present at discussions with Red China on a ceasefire in the Taiwan area. He declared that the, U.S. would he willing to negotiate directly with communist China. May 25, 1955 The govern ment radio of Communist China announced that China has taken over all facilities from Russia at IT'S TO BE ABLE TO Ohopping is a lot more convenient, more pleasant, if you have a good credit record. - If you enjoy the reputation of paying your bills promptly, all you have to say is "Charge It." The department store, the physician, the dentist, the butcher and the baker, all gladly extend credit to responsible people. And all you have to do to enjoy this convenience is to pay your bills promptly, on or before the date they are due. Whether you're buying on a monthly charge account ... or on a deferred payment plan . . . buy only what you will be able to pay for on the date it is due. Use your credit don't abuse it. Pay promptly and when you say "Charge It," any merchant or professional man, anywhere, will cheerfully grant your request. Credit Bureau of Medford, Inc. 223 West 6th emblem of fl)g SOUND CREDIT) the Port Arthur naval base. The Port was lost to Japan in the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05 and "restored" to Russia by. the Yalta agreements in 1945. May 31, 1945 Hong Kong po lice reported that four American airmen released by the Chinese communists crossed the border to liberty. June 4, 3955 Sen. John L. McClellan (D.-Ark.) of the Sen ate Permanent subcommittee on Investigation, urged the State department to "take some force ful action with allies," to halt the trend of increased trade with communist China. He singled out Great Britain and the Chinese-controlled companies oper ating out of Hong Kong. June 10. 1955 The commu nist Chinese government repeat ed its offer to negotiate with the U.S. "in order to ease and elimi nate tension over Taiwan." June 18, 1955 Prime Minister Mohammed Ali of Pakistan urg ed the U.S. and Red China to meet "at the highest level" to relieve the threat of war in the Taiwan Straits. He proposed that Communist China should be given a UN seat, that Chiang Kai-shek gov ernment evacuate the islands close to the communist shores, and that the U.S. 7th fleet with draw from the Taiwan strait. June 19. 1955 India's roving ambassador, V. K. Krishna Menon, ended six days of confer ence with U.S. officials on the question of maintaining peace in the Far East. He suggested the Taiwan government should evacuate the islands of Quemoy and Matsu; the trade embargo against Red China be eased; and the U.S. extend recognition to the communist government. July 8. 1955 Ho Chi Minh's communist government of North Viet Nam will receive $338,000, 000 in outright aid from Red China. The money will be used to rebuild docks, railways, high ways and bridges and to restore and construct textile mills and other factories. July 25. 1955 The U.S. agreed to initiate talks with Communist China on the ambas sadorial level to explore the re lease of civilians detained by both governments, involving 41 American civilians. Aug. 9, 1955 Red China has increased its purchases of Egyp tian cotton in the current season by S9, 800,000. Egyptian sources admitted they had found no Western markets. Sept. 10, 1955 The U.S. and Chinese communist ambassadors released a joint statement on the progress of their talks. They said 1) that measures are being taken to permit all Chinese na tionals who wish to do so to leave the U.S. for China; 2) make identical arrangements for U. S. Nationals in China. Nov. 10, 1955 The U.S. re jected a Chinese communist of fer to renounce force unless the offer specifically applies to Tai wan and other islands held by the Chinese nationalists. Feb. 3, 1356 Prospects of a "broad future" in trade were held out by Communist China in a memorandum to a meeting of the UN Economic commission SAY for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE). The memorandum calls on the West "to eliminate the artificial barriers to peaceful trade" and contends the embargo has "pri marily and mainly" hurt the west. Feb. 21. 1956 The official Chinese communist press called for "complete aboltion of colo nialism," attacking the U.S. at the same time as the "biggest colonialist in the world." The press called for closer re lations between China and other Asian countries, an end to the Western embargo on trade, and a conference between the for eign ministers of China and the U.S. to follow up the currently stalled talks on the ambassado rial level in Geneva. WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? In an official statement on U. S. policy on Red China, Pres ident Eisenhower in July, 1954, said- the government is "com pletely and unalterably opposed to the admission of communist China to the UN" and he believ ed that "95 per cent of the popu lation of the United States" would take the same stand. He declared the issue is a moral one and that Communist China has shown that she is not "morally entitled" to UN admis sion. Secretary of State Dulles ask ed the question, "Will it help our country if, by recognition, we give increased prestige and iluence to regime that attacks our vital interest? . . . The an swer is: No." He declared Red China is "consistently and vi ciously hostile to the U.S." The U.S. Senate overwhelm ingly approved a resolution in January, 1955, stated that ". . . a friendly government (in Tai wan) ... is essential to the vital interests of the United States." It authorized the president to or der U.S. troops into action "as he deems necessary for the spe cific purpose of securing and protecting (Taiwan) and the Pes cadores against armed attack, and to use armed force in repel ling a communist invasion of the off-shore islands of Quemoy and Matsu if he believes such an attack threatens Taiwan. The Mutual Defense Treaty between Nationalist China and the U.S. ratified early last year, provides for mutual aid in the event of communist invasion or subversion in Taiwan or in U.S. territories in that area. Armed attack would be re ferred to the UN Security Coun cil. U.S. aid will be given the nationalist government for U.S. bases on Taiwan. IS RED CHINA IMPORTANT IN THE COLD WAR? What is Communist China's relationship to Russia? Is there any evidence that China is a "satellite" or "second class part ner"? What is Red China's role in Asia? Why do some neutral and U.S. allies recognize Red China? What effect does the UN embargo have on economics of neutral countries in Asia? Is trade with China a real pros pect or simply propaganda? Re cently the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations committee suggested in 1921 with Russian assistance, ocratic India are competing for leadership in Asia. The rest of Asia, the senators said, is watch ing to see whether communism or free enterprise will win. WHAT IS THE TAIWAN ISSUE? Both the Chinese communists and the Nationalists agree that Taiwan is part of China. The U.S. , on historical grounds, does not consider Taiwan a part of China. But the U.S. recognizes the Chiang Kai-shek govern ment as the legal government of China. Does this mean the U.S. hopes to see Chiang recon quer the mainland? Does it mean we hope the communist regime will collapse Internally? Is either likely? Under present U.S. policy, what kind of settlement is pos sible? . WHAT U.S. POLICT ON RED CHINA? How can the U.S. policy against recognizing Red China be described (realistic, legalistic, moral, strategic)? How would U.S. recognition affect U.S. in terests? Does our policy con tribute to or detraot from a peaceful settlement of Far East problems? Does the U.S. want a settlement? Want war with Red China? LYNN COLBY '$ Jp i ,J-n "' QstCi Befon yo buy that ca, jurt tell me on the phone the total costs of the car, the financing and the insurance. Within five minutes I'll caH you back and tell you what it will cost you to buy, finance, and mmr the same oar through my Bank Plan. Chances are, for exactly the same deal, it'll be $100 less! I know it's hard to believe but it's worth a phone eall, isn't it? There is no obligation. It pays H know your STATE FARM Agent JOHN A. CARTER - VIRGIL R. WILKES LYNN COLBY 133 South Central Phone 2-9322 & THE TWO CHINAS WHAT THEY STAND FOR Modern Chinese history dates back to 1912 when Sun Yat-sen led a successful revolution against the Manchu dynasty. He was never able to unite the country, however, and there was constant civil war. The Chinese Communist party was organized in 1921 ith Russian assistance. Chiang Kai-shek took control of the nationalist party in 1925 after Dr. Sun's death, and occu pied most of China and set up a national government. He then broke with the many commu nists he Tiad used as advisers. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, China had already been at war with Japan for 10 years; at the same time Chiang and the Chinese communists were fighting each other. The latter signed an uneasy truce in 1937. When Japan was defeated, the communists and nationalists renewed their war. Late in 1949 the remnants of Chiang's de feated armies fled the mainland and set up the government-in-exile on Taiwan. Since then, the communists have extended their government to every part of China. WHERE IS RED CHINA GOING? The communist government on the mainland originally promised three reforms: A unit ed government on behalf of the masses; land reform and im provement of the peasants' lot; and expanded heavy industry. We know accomplishments in clude: Mainland China is united under a single government for the first time in history; private wealth and property have nearly disappeared; communists have placed greater emphasis on agri cultural reform; socialism of production and distribution is extensive; China appears eco nomically stable; Red China is the world's fourth largest air power, and has an estimated 3,500,000-man army. "She has established diplomatic and trade relations with most of the important countries out side the Western hemisphere. WHERE IS NATIONALIST CHINA GOING? The native inhabitants of Tai wan are a mixed race of abor igines and Chinese stock. The island was designated China's 35th province at the end of World War II. Chiang's government, fighting a bitter war on the mainland I pursued an unpopular economic policy on the island. The gov ernment bought sugar, camphor, and other principal products at low prices and resold them abroad at market prices, divert ing the profit to the national treasury. A 1947 revolt by the Taiwan ese cost 10,000 lives. Major re forms, initiated partly with U. S. economic aid, began in 1949. Taiwanese take part in the gov ernment, but mainland Chinese hold all key posts. Chiang has complete control. Sound planning and over $1,- 000,000,000 in U. S. economic aid (apart from military aid) has created considerable improve ment in Taiwan economy in the last six years. Per capita income is well above the Asian average. Last year the Nationalists be gan drafting Taiwanese into the armed forces. Most of the 600, 000 army men are veterans of the civil war. The Chiang gov ernment, along with South Ko rea, Pakistan and Turkey, re ceives the lion's share of U. S. military aid in 1956. WHAT CHOICES HAVE WE? .. Should the U. S. recognize Red China? What are the argu ments for recognizing the1 Peip ing government and continuing recognition of the Taiwan gov ernment? Does diplomatic recog nition necessarily imply "ap proval"? On what principles should we extend recognition to another government? What should the U. 8. do about China in the U. N. Pre sumably the U. S. will use the veto to keep the Peiping govern ment from taking over China's seat in the Security Council. The U. S. has no veto in the General Assembly, however. What should we do if a majority in the as sembly votes to seat the commu nist representatives? Should we continue to block the Security Council seat ... go along with the majority . . . walk out of the UN? What possible compro- Buying a car? MY BANK PLAN MAY SAVE YOU MOO ON FINANCING AND AUTO INSURANCE Sunday, April 22, 1938 Schmidt Opens Office For Counseling Here An office for personal counsel ing service has been opened in the Leverette building by Ben. H. Schmidt. Schmidt said he plans to co operate with homes, schools, churches and the police depart ment wherever possible. He ma jored in psychology at the Uni versity of Oregon and at North western university. He also at tended at Columbia graduate school. Schmidt has lived in Medford for the last 12 years and has worked with the YMC A, churches and community organ izations. More than 8,000 patents have been granted for the manufac ture of leather soles and shoes since the U.S. patent office was established in 1836. mises might the U. S. consider? What are the advantages and disadvantages in having the Peiping government in the UN? What should the U. S. do about Taiwan? Should we con tinue to support the Nationalist government? How important is it to U. S. security? Does the U. S. have moral obligations to Chiang? Should we risk war with Red China to defend Tai wan? Should we treat Taiwan as an independent country? Should it be considered a "great power" and enjoy one of the five vetoes in the Security Coun cil? From the Taiwanese point of view, do you think the Chiang government is democratic 'and representative ... or authori tarian and repressive? Should the development and defense of Taiwan be turned over to the UN? YOUR OPINION COUNTS The U.S. government's policy on the "two Chinas" "should be a policy which the American people can believe in and sup port. Your decisions, after Ihougihful discussion, have an important place in shaping offi cial government policy. The Great Decisions program is designed to form the basis of discussion groups on foreign af fairs. Letter?, or ballots included in the Great Decisions faci sheets should be mailed to Don Han sen, chairman of the Great De cisions committee, Franklin building, Medford. The results will be forwarded to the U.S. State Department and to our congressional representatives. The material above is a con densation of the fact sheets. Mil. At MEMBER OF THE SAVINGS 4r Knight of Pythias To Attend Ceremony About 20 or 25 Medford mem bers of the Dramatic Order,. Knights of the Khorassan, and the Nomads of Avrudaka, will attend a joint ceremonial of the two orders in Grants Pass Sat urday, May 5, it was announced yesterday. A number of state officers from Portland, including Harry Wood, grand chancellor, will at tend, as will Medford officers including Harry Hoehne, royal vizier of Fuhat Burkan temple. Session headquarters will be at the KP b'uilding in Grants Pass. Local KPs have been advised of the death last week of Earl Ward, Eugene, grand vice chan cellor of the state Knights of Pythias " PAINT A ROOM ENJOY PERFECT CO IN THE MORNING... THMIEROOH One coat covers Dries to touch in 30 minutes. No paint odor. V,, . VINYL LATEX MIST Medford Paint & Wallpaper Store PHONE 2-9321 CORNER 6th & HOLLY Diagonally across from the Post Office WE GIVE S&H GREEN STAMPS In 1 83 1 , the first Savings and Loan Association in the United , States was founded at Frankford, Pennsylvania. This first Association was founded to help its members save for and buy their own homes. Today, more Americans go to insured Savings and Loan Associations for home financing than anywhere else. 6,000 new savers each day! Today, the people of America are saving for many impor tant things and look with special confidence to Savings and Loan Associations. The number of savers in insured Asso ciations has increased in 125 years to over IS million . . . and new savers are coming to these insured Associations at the rate of 6,000 each day! Assets of insured Associations have soared to $34.5 billion! These savings dollars are not subject to market fluctua tions and are protected by sound, forward-looking manage ment and substantial reserves. Savings accounts are insured up to $10,000 by the TSLIC-a U. S. Government agency. Responsibility to public trust Today, Americans are putting more of their savings account dollars into insured Savings and Loan Associations than anywhere else. This tremendous vote'of confidence imposes responsibility to adhere to the principles which have caused these Associations to grow with America for 125 years. On the occasion of this 125th anniversary, the Savings and Loan Associations pledge themselves to the continuation of these principles which have enabled them to serve so successfully two of America's most cherished traditions . . . thrift and home ownership. A MESSAGE FROMt FIRST FEDERAL Savings & Loan Assn. of Medford 27 North Holly R. F. Kyle, President AND LOAN FOUNDATION, INC. SPONSOR LIFE, SATURDAY EVENING POST AND U. 8. NEWS A MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE FIVB Hi-Times Wins Award From Press Group The Medford Hi-Times, stud ent publication at Medford High school, won a first class rating for the first semester of the school year, it was reported Sat urday. The rating is made by the Na tional Scholastic Press associa tion. Miss Elizabeth Settle was advisor for the paper during the semester. Staff members included June Pike and Barbara Maxon, co-editors; Lorita Jennings and Denise Bruning, feature editors; Kath ryn Stewart, news editor; Ralph Bates, sports editor; Dennis Wy att and Lois Kelley, advertising managers, and Harold O'Con nors, business manager. Apply with brush or roller with amazing ease. Tough, dense film resists dirt and scuffs. No brush marks or laps. I Wash or scrub without harm. Beautiful Treasure Tones colors. m 5T OF THIS ADVERTISEMENT IN WORLD REPORT.