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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 3, 1933)
MEDFORD MAIL TKIBTJXE, MEDFORD, OREGON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1933. PAGE SEVEN Cost of Pear Production Can Be Cut by Increased Yield Through Irrigation Study by Aldrlch Shows Valley Costs Too High in Comparison With Other Producing Regions CHAPTER II Yalue of Irrigation In Increasing Fruit Size To show the practical value of In creased yield, resulting from Increased site of fruit, I Jbave anaylzed yield and coat figures for the Med ford Experiment station during 2933. The cost of operating our orchard was $104 per acre. Our average yield was 381 packed noses per acre. Using our harvesting cost of 4.09 per box and Irrigation at $3 per acre, I have determined the operating cost per aero for each ot these three plots, yrom the yield figures and operating cost per box was calculated. was more available toll moisture In Plot E than In Plot D. But Plot O shows that moisture may not be the only limiting factor for fruit growth. Plot C, with less availably soil moisture than either Plots E or D, produced practically as Urge fruit as Plot S and larger fruit than Plot D. Why? Although each leaf In Plot C, having less avail able moisture, probably worked less hours each day than the leaves In Plots E and D, there were, due to a much lighter crop, more leaves working for each fruit In Plot C than In Plots E and D. Thus a greater number of leaves per fruit were able pruning and light thinning (which Is now practiced In the valley); (2) light pruning and heavy thinning (which may be more profitable), and (3) either light pruning together with light tblnnlng (with frequent irrigation), or heavy pruning with heavy frutl thinning (with very light Irrigation). These three sys tems will be tried with (1) frequent irrigation, (2) moderate irrigation, and (3) very light irrigation. From these nine plots we can determine to what extent irrigation can be sub stituted for the more expensive op erations of pruning and thinning. Boosted For Cabinet Willow Springs Effect of Increased yield per acr upon reducing coaU. Yield In 1633 Packed Boxes, per Acre) Frequently Irrigated 499 Irrigated early only 857 Irrigated once only 358 The "frequently Irrigated" plot yielded 499 boxes per acre, with an operating cost of $.38 per box. "Ir rigated early" plot yielded only 357 boxes per acre, and the operating coat was higher, being $.48 per box. The plot receiving "one Irrigation only" yielded 258 boxes per acre, which resulted In an operating cost per box of 9.61. Tthua the Increased oost of irrigation and harvest, In the plot where available SOU moisture was maintained In large amounts, was more than compensated for by the Increased yield, giving reduced operating costs. However, this past year very large fruit was not as popular on the market as medium sized fruit: so that the very large fruit from the 'fre quantty Irrigated" plot had a lower market value than the medium sized fruit from the other plots. Cost of Operation Per Acre Per Box $189.62 $ M 178.84 .48 188.78 .81 to compensate for a reduced supply of available soil moisture. The fruit growth curve for Plot B shows the In crease In fruit growth following the July Irrigation, and also shows the reduction of fruit growth during Au gust, when, without additional Irri gation, the available sou moisture decreased. I have tried to bring out thus far the Importance of available soil moisture, and of leaves, In the pro duction of large fruit. Large fruit can be obtained, either by Increasing the dally period of leaf activity through the maintenance of large amounts of available soil moisture, or by Increasing the number of leaves for each fruit. This Importance of the leaves should be carefully considered when planning your pruning. Pruning re moves limbs which. If left on t,he WILLOW SPRINGS, Feb. S. (Spl.) February 0 the WUlow Springs Thursday olub will hold ".home com ing" at the home of Mrs. W. K. Par ker. All present and former mem bers are urged to attend. Quests Thursday at the Earl Heft home were Rev. and Mrs. J. O. Car ver and family and Mrs. Wilson of Medford. Frank Vlckery Is seriously 111 and has been confined to his bed for some time. Ray Rowe of Portland la a guest at the Oscar Blackford home. 8am Anderson returned last Fri day from a short business trip to Portland. Miss Rom Jones was a guest at the Anderson home during his absence. Mrs. Sarah Chelson of Grants Pass Is a guest this week at Vie Alex Benson home. Lola and Vlda Blackford, who have been seriously 111 with the flu, are Improving. A number of ladles of the neigh borhood meet Wednesday at the home of Mrs. Roy Nichols for Bible study. W. K. Parker Is repairing the dam age dona by the fire at the Clyde Richmond home. Estimated auction aales price on fruit from each plot. Frequently irrigated Irrigated early only One irrigation only Gross Return or Auction Price $2.08 230 2.22 Net Return $ .27 .39 .41 Oost of Operation Per Box $ .38 .48 .81 Net Loss $ .11 .09 JO From the packout for eaoh plot and from typical auction prices for eaoh size, the average auction price per box was calculated, assuming that the fruit had been sold on auc tion according to its size. It Is evl. dent that the relatively small fruit produced by one Irrigation brought the hleiMBt average price. In this connection It must be borne In mind that the trees In all the plots were cnrrvlni onlv a moderate crop. If the crop per tree had been heavy, the fruit would have grown at a slower rate with the fruit on the one Irrigation" falling to reach the most profitable size and the fruit In "frequent Irrigation" not growing too laree. However, In spite of the y higher average return for the fruit ' from "one Irrigation" plot, me oper atlne cost was even higher, as com pared with the "frequently lrrigafr ed" plot, and the loss to us was almost twice as great for the plot receiving one Irrigation as for the clot Irrigated frequently. If our op rating costs had been lower or the sales prices hlgiher, the rrequeni ir ligation, as compared with one lrrl cation, would have resulted In l greater profit, rather than a reduced loss . Under this season's marketing conditions frequently irrigation early was as profitable as frequent irriga tion all season. In view of the greatly increased vigor In the frequently irrigated plots, as compared with the other two plots, I feel certain that in 193S this plot will show increased returns which wo could not measure In 1932. All effects of Irrigation cannot be observed In one year, as I ahall point out later In discussing the Klamath experiments. Importance of Leaves Thus far It has been shown that with large amounts of available soil moisture the fruit grew more rap. lly than with smaller amounts of moisture. To fully understand our results we had to learn why. To understand our tree behavior more thoroughly, observations were made of the effect of the avlalable soli moisture upon leaf activity. We know that leaves manufacture (out f of water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air) the sugars necessary for fruit development and for branch growth. The carbon di oxide used by the leaves Is taken In through little holes, called stomata. It la only when these holes in the leaves are open that Vie leave can take In sufficient carbon dioxide to manufacture the necessary sugars for growth. By studying with a micro scope these stomata. the hours each day that they were open were deter mined. It was found (X refer again to slide 3) with the greater amounts of available soil moisture, these sto mata were open longer each day than f with lower amount of soli moisture. ' It appears that the larger amounts of available soil moisture kept the leaves working more hours each day, and with the longer dally period of activity by the leaves, more sugars went to the fruits, to result In more growth. This relation between leaf activity and fruit growth Is, It seems to me. very Important. It explains why, with a given moisture content in the soil, larger fruit Is obtained wltii the greater number of leaves per fruit. Although growers have recognized this fact and thin Vieir fruit to In crease the number of leaves per fruit and thereby Insure good size, the Im portance of leaves Is ofen forgotten. The Importance of leaves in get ting size is well ihown by the 1932 results in the Klamath Orchard ex periments. (Slide 61. Plot S had, V In general, more available soli molt ure than Plot D. The trees In Plot E had about the same amount of crop as the trees In Plot D. In other words, the tree In both plot had a similar number of leaves per fruit. However. Plot E produced lanrer fruit than Plot D. Whj? Because there tree, would provide many more of the necessary leaves the following summer. If the pruning Is designed to remove an excess of crop for the coming summer, it might be better to do less pruning, and, Instead, thin off excess fruit? in June. Prun ing removes leaves as well as fruit; thinning removes only fruit. How ever, thre Is a feeling In the valley that heavy pruning Is necessary to maintain tree vigor and reduce the drop of fruit late in spring. Perhaps Irrigation could be used to supply this vigor, , and thus permit less pruning, which la an expensive op erstlon. I do not know and am not advising you now. Instead, we are planning for this coming aeason ad dltlonal experiment to help answer this question. We shall try (1) heavy i tv ""V a s v - i t 1 Illinois democratic leaders have started a movement looking to the appointment of Bruce Campbell of East St. Louis as attorney-general In the new Roosevelt cabinet. (Associated Press Photo) Dairymen Told Of Battle For Milk SALEM, Feb. 3. (P) Delegates of the Oregon Dairymen's association to day heard Mrs. Ada T. Mayne outline the successful campaign being waged to place milk on the diet of school children and adults. Reports of the legislative committee and election of officers was scheduled for late in the dsy. P. J. TO THE COOKING SCHOOL Pfl Did yon gel a Sweet Sixteen Recipe Packet at The Cooking School? If not, snd the coupon above, and the makers of Ghirardelii's will do the rest. Keep a tin of Gbirardelli s in your pantry. . . al ways! Say "Gear-ar-delly to your grocer. CHIRllRDELLIS THE ORIGINAL (CHOCOLATE "St ft Youii findVariety in Energy BuildingBreakfasts shredded ie at You'll enjoy Shredded Wheat! Not only is it delicious for breakfast, but it affords you many opportunities in creat ing new dishes for every meal of the day. Shredded Wheat is made from entire wheat and contains the energy-building vitamins that strenuous days demand. When you serve your family a dish of Shredded Wheat, you arc literally serv ing them a dish full of n'ourishment! . . . Your grocer has it When you ice Ni agin Falls on the package you KNOW you have SHREDDED WHEAT. The Whole Wheat Breakfast , oa can use u the basis of a delightful entree for lunch. SHREDDED WHEAT with Creamed DriedBeef ts pound dried beef, chipped fine 4 level tablespoons entire wheat floor 4 level tablespoons butter 1 pint hot milk, Dash cayenne $ Shredded Wheat Biscntt Melt the butter in a ssucepta, add beef, cayenne and flour, stir well and add hot milk, a little at s time, cooking until thick and smooth. Serve in Biscuit baskets or on moistened Biicaft that hat been dipped in hot wiicr. Rogue River ROOTJE RIVER, Feb. 3. (Spl.) At the January 31 meeting of Lire Onk Orange It was decided to move to the 1. O. O. P. hall where they will be able to keep more comfort able, as the Community hall Is cold. The meeting February will be held at the new hall. A very good crowl was out. despite the bad snow and cold. Refreshment were served. Rogue River high school teems, boys and girls, were defeated by he Central Point teams here last Fri day. John Pesula was a business visitor in Medford Saturday. Mr. and Mrs. Grant Taylor and son Jimmy, who have been here nearly a year, where Mr. Ttylor has run a garage, left Sunday for Ocean side, Cal. Mr. and Mrs. Walter Combs and children hae moved Into the house vacated by the Taylors, and Mr. Combs will run the garage. Henry Henderson received the sad news last week of the death of his father In Vancouver. B. C. Among those visiting Medford Tuesday were W. T. Jones, Lee Hugg, R. O. Cummlngs, F. Cummlngs, Mar shal Joe Shults, Bill Bads and James Whipple. Mr. and Mrs. Reed Carter and Charlotte and Mr. and Mrs. James Wiley were dinner guests Sunday at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Jack Stew ard at Wlmer. Dr. Ogle of Grants Pass was called up Evans creek Sunday to treat Mrs. Dan Neathamer, who had a heart at tack. The relief store, located In the Sam Math Is store building, will be open Wednesday and Saturday In stead of Wednesday and Thursday, as stated before. George Martin, rural mall carrier, had the bad luck to break his car Thursday, trying to pull through the deep snow up Pleasant creek. Mr. and Mrs. Perry L. Walt of Sar dine creek and Mr. and Mrs. Prank Oreenwood of Evans creek were din ner guests Tuesday at the J. Whipple home. Ladles' Clvlo Improvement club met at the home of Mrs. Percy Thomas last Friday afternoon. Nineteen ladies were present. Delicious refreshments were served by the hostess. The Olrl Scouts have finished their quilt for sale, but owing to the bad weather the program to be held Feb ruary l waa postponed. Mr. and Mrs. MoVey arrived Sun day from California and will make their home in the house they pur chased on Broadway. Mr. and Mrs. Day of Grants Pass spent hmday at the home of Mr. and Mrs. A. T. Mollvaln'a. An epidemic of colds ts going the rounds now. Mrs. Alma Moll vain la real sick, also Mrs. Lloyd Smith. Another dance was held here Sat urday and a large crowd attende.-l . Another will be held In two weeks. Oregon Weather Fair tonight and Saturday but with valley fogs; gentle, changeable winds offshore; fair Sunday. For Fuel Oil delivery Phone 83t. Relnking Trucking Company. We give 3. & H. green stamps. New spring shoes now on dlsplar. A larger and smarter variety than we have ever had, and at only 1J5 to $3.i)d. The Band Box and Shoe Box. . Phone 6Hi. We'll oaui away youi refuse. Olty Sanitary Service, One Sure Way to End Coughs and Colds Persistent coughs and colds lead to serious trouble. You can stop them now with Creomulaion, an emuleined creosote that Is pleasant to take. Creomulsion is new medical discovery with two-fold ac tion; it soothes and heals the inflamed membranes and inhibits germ growth. Of all known drugs, creosote is recog nized by high medical authorities as one of the greatest healing agencies for per sistent coughs and colds and other forms of throat troubles. Creomulsion ootiMlrut In addition to creosote, other heeling ele ments which soothe and heal the infected membranes and stop the irritation and in flammation, while the creosote goes on to the stomach, is absorbed into the blood, attacln the seat of the trouble and checks the growth of the germs. Creomulsion Is guaranteed satisfactory in the treatment of persistent coughs and oolds, bronchial asthma, bronchitis and other forms of respiratory diseases, and is excel lent for building up the system after colds or 8u. Money refunded if any coughorcold, no matter of howlongstajid ing, is not relieved after taking according directions. Ask your druggist. 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