MEDFORD MAIL TKIBTJXE, MEDFORD, OREGON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1933.
PAGE SEVEN
Cost of Pear Production
Can Be Cut by Increased
Yield Through Irrigation
Study by Aldrlch Shows Valley Costs
Too High in Comparison With
Other Producing Regions
CHAPTER II
Yalue of Irrigation In Increasing
Fruit Size
To show the practical value of In
creased yield, resulting from Increased
site of fruit, I Jbave anaylzed yield
and coat figures for the Med ford
Experiment station during 2933. The
cost of operating our orchard was
$104 per acre. Our average yield was
381 packed noses per acre. Using
our harvesting cost of 4.09 per box
and Irrigation at $3 per acre, I have
determined the operating cost per
aero for each ot these three plots,
yrom the yield figures and operating
cost per box was calculated.
was more available toll moisture In
Plot E than In Plot D.
But Plot O shows that moisture
may not be the only limiting factor
for fruit growth. Plot C, with less
availably soil moisture than either
Plots E or D, produced practically
as Urge fruit as Plot S and larger
fruit than Plot D. Why? Although
each leaf In Plot C, having less avail
able moisture, probably worked less
hours each day than the leaves In
Plots E and D, there were, due to a
much lighter crop, more leaves
working for each fruit In Plot C than
In Plots E and D. Thus a greater
number of leaves per fruit were able
pruning and light thinning (which
Is now practiced In the valley); (2)
light pruning and heavy thinning
(which may be more profitable), and
(3) either light pruning together
with light tblnnlng (with frequent
irrigation), or heavy pruning with
heavy frutl thinning (with very
light Irrigation). These three sys
tems will be tried with (1) frequent
irrigation, (2) moderate irrigation,
and (3) very light irrigation. From
these nine plots we can determine
to what extent irrigation can be sub
stituted for the more expensive op
erations of pruning and thinning.
Boosted For Cabinet
Willow Springs
Effect of Increased yield per acr upon reducing coaU.
Yield In 1633
Packed Boxes, per Acre)
Frequently Irrigated 499
Irrigated early only 857
Irrigated once only 358
The "frequently Irrigated" plot
yielded 499 boxes per acre, with an
operating cost of $.38 per box. "Ir
rigated early" plot yielded only 357
boxes per acre, and the operating coat
was higher, being $.48 per box. The
plot receiving "one Irrigation only"
yielded 258 boxes per acre, which
resulted In an operating cost per
box of 9.61. Tthua the Increased
oost of irrigation and harvest, In the
plot where available SOU moisture
was maintained In large amounts,
was more than compensated for by
the Increased yield, giving reduced
operating costs.
However, this past year very large
fruit was not as popular on the
market as medium sized fruit: so that
the very large fruit from the 'fre
quantty Irrigated" plot had a lower
market value than the medium sized
fruit from the other plots.
Cost of Operation
Per Acre Per Box
$189.62 $ M
178.84 .48
188.78 .81
to compensate for a reduced supply
of available soil moisture. The fruit
growth curve for Plot B shows the In
crease In fruit growth following the
July Irrigation, and also shows the
reduction of fruit growth during Au
gust, when, without additional Irri
gation, the available sou moisture
decreased.
I have tried to bring out thus far
the Importance of available soil
moisture, and of leaves, In the pro
duction of large fruit. Large fruit
can be obtained, either by Increasing
the dally period of leaf activity
through the maintenance of large
amounts of available soil moisture,
or by Increasing the number of
leaves for each fruit.
This Importance of the leaves
should be carefully considered when
planning your pruning. Pruning re
moves limbs which. If left on t,he
WILLOW SPRINGS, Feb. S. (Spl.)
February 0 the WUlow Springs
Thursday olub will hold ".home com
ing" at the home of Mrs. W. K. Par
ker. All present and former mem
bers are urged to attend.
Quests Thursday at the Earl Heft
home were Rev. and Mrs. J. O. Car
ver and family and Mrs. Wilson of
Medford.
Frank Vlckery Is seriously 111 and
has been confined to his bed for
some time.
Ray Rowe of Portland la a guest at
the Oscar Blackford home.
8am Anderson returned last Fri
day from a short business trip to
Portland. Miss Rom Jones was a
guest at the Anderson home during
his absence.
Mrs. Sarah Chelson of Grants Pass
Is a guest this week at Vie Alex
Benson home.
Lola and Vlda Blackford, who have
been seriously 111 with the flu, are
Improving.
A number of ladles of the neigh
borhood meet Wednesday at the home
of Mrs. Roy Nichols for Bible study.
W. K. Parker Is repairing the dam
age dona by the fire at the Clyde
Richmond home.
Estimated auction aales price on fruit from each plot.
Frequently irrigated
Irrigated early only
One irrigation only
Gross Return
or
Auction Price
$2.08
230
2.22
Net
Return
$ .27
.39
.41
Oost of
Operation
Per Box
$ .38
.48
.81
Net
Loss
$ .11
.09
JO
From the packout for eaoh plot
and from typical auction prices for
eaoh size, the average auction price
per box was calculated, assuming
that the fruit had been sold on auc
tion according to its size. It Is evl.
dent that the relatively small fruit
produced by one Irrigation brought
the hleiMBt average price. In this
connection It must be borne In mind
that the trees In all the plots were
cnrrvlni onlv a moderate crop. If
the crop per tree had been heavy,
the fruit would have grown at a
slower rate with the fruit on the
one Irrigation" falling to reach the
most profitable size and the fruit In
"frequent Irrigation" not growing
too laree. However, In spite of the
y higher average return for the fruit
' from "one Irrigation" plot, me oper
atlne cost was even higher, as com
pared with the "frequently lrrigafr
ed" plot, and the loss to us was
almost twice as great for the plot
receiving one Irrigation as for the
clot Irrigated frequently. If our op
rating costs had been lower or the
sales prices hlgiher, the rrequeni ir
ligation, as compared with one lrrl
cation, would have resulted In l
greater profit, rather than a reduced
loss . Under this season's marketing
conditions frequently irrigation early
was as profitable as frequent irriga
tion all season.
In view of the greatly increased
vigor In the frequently irrigated plots,
as compared with the other two
plots, I feel certain that in 193S this
plot will show increased returns
which wo could not measure In 1932.
All effects of Irrigation cannot be
observed In one year, as I ahall point
out later In discussing the Klamath
experiments.
Importance of Leaves
Thus far It has been shown that
with large amounts of available soil
moisture the fruit grew more rap.
lly than with smaller amounts of
moisture. To fully understand our
results we had to learn why. To
understand our tree behavior more
thoroughly, observations were made
of the effect of the avlalable soli
moisture upon leaf activity. We
know that leaves manufacture (out
f of water from the soil and carbon
dioxide from the air) the sugars
necessary for fruit development and
for branch growth. The carbon di
oxide used by the leaves Is taken In
through little holes, called stomata.
It la only when these holes in the
leaves are open that Vie leave can
take In sufficient carbon dioxide to
manufacture the necessary sugars for
growth. By studying with a micro
scope these stomata. the hours each
day that they were open were deter
mined. It was found (X refer again
to slide 3) with the greater amounts
of available soil moisture, these sto
mata were open longer each day than
f with lower amount of soli moisture.
' It appears that the larger amounts
of available soil moisture kept the
leaves working more hours each day,
and with the longer dally period of
activity by the leaves, more sugars
went to the fruits, to result In more
growth.
This relation between leaf activity
and fruit growth Is, It seems to me.
very Important. It explains why,
with a given moisture content in the
soil, larger fruit Is obtained wltii the
greater number of leaves per fruit.
Although growers have recognized
this fact and thin Vieir fruit to In
crease the number of leaves per fruit
and thereby Insure good size, the Im
portance of leaves Is ofen forgotten.
The Importance of leaves in get
ting size is well ihown by the 1932
results in the Klamath Orchard ex
periments. (Slide 61. Plot S had,
V In general, more available soli molt
ure than Plot D. The trees In Plot
E had about the same amount of
crop as the trees In Plot D. In other
words, the tree In both plot had a
similar number of leaves per fruit.
However. Plot E produced lanrer fruit
than Plot D. Whj? Because there
tree, would provide many more of
the necessary leaves the following
summer. If the pruning Is designed
to remove an excess of crop for the
coming summer, it might be better
to do less pruning, and, Instead,
thin off excess fruit? in June. Prun
ing removes leaves as well as fruit;
thinning removes only fruit. How
ever, thre Is a feeling In the valley
that heavy pruning Is necessary to
maintain tree vigor and reduce the
drop of fruit late in spring. Perhaps
Irrigation could be used to supply
this vigor, , and thus permit less
pruning, which la an expensive op
erstlon. I do not know and am not
advising you now. Instead, we are
planning for this coming aeason ad
dltlonal experiment to help answer
this question. We shall try (1) heavy
i tv ""V a s v - i
t 1
Illinois democratic leaders have
started a movement looking to the
appointment of Bruce Campbell of
East St. Louis as attorney-general
In the new Roosevelt cabinet.
(Associated Press Photo)
Dairymen Told Of
Battle For Milk
SALEM, Feb. 3. (P) Delegates of
the Oregon Dairymen's association to
day heard Mrs. Ada T. Mayne outline
the successful campaign being waged
to place milk on the diet of school
children and adults. Reports of the
legislative committee and election of
officers was scheduled for late in the
dsy.
P. J. TO THE COOKING SCHOOL Pfl
Did yon gel a Sweet Sixteen Recipe
Packet at The Cooking School? If not,
snd the coupon above, and the makers
of Ghirardelii's will do the rest. Keep a
tin of Gbirardelli s in your pantry. . . al
ways! Say "Gear-ar-delly to your grocer.
CHIRllRDELLIS
THE ORIGINAL
(CHOCOLATE
"St
ft
Youii findVariety
in Energy BuildingBreakfasts
shredded ie at
You'll enjoy Shredded Wheat! Not
only is it delicious for breakfast, but it
affords you many opportunities in creat
ing new dishes for every meal of the
day. Shredded Wheat is made from entire
wheat and contains the energy-building
vitamins that strenuous days demand.
When you serve your family a dish of
Shredded Wheat, you arc literally serv
ing them a dish full of n'ourishment! . . .
Your grocer has it
When you ice Ni agin Falls on the package you
KNOW you have SHREDDED WHEAT.
The Whole Wheat Breakfast
, oa can use u the basis of a
delightful entree for lunch.
SHREDDED WHEAT
with Creamed DriedBeef
ts pound dried beef, chipped
fine
4 level tablespoons entire wheat
floor
4 level tablespoons butter
1 pint hot milk,
Dash cayenne
$ Shredded Wheat Biscntt
Melt the butter in a ssucepta,
add beef, cayenne and flour, stir
well and add hot milk, a little at
s time, cooking until thick and
smooth. Serve in Biscuit baskets
or on moistened Biicaft that hat
been dipped in hot wiicr.
Rogue River
ROOTJE RIVER, Feb. 3. (Spl.)
At the January 31 meeting of Lire
Onk Orange It was decided to move
to the 1. O. O. P. hall where they
will be able to keep more comfort
able, as the Community hall Is cold.
The meeting February will be held
at the new hall. A very good crowl
was out. despite the bad snow and
cold. Refreshment were served.
Rogue River high school teems,
boys and girls, were defeated by he
Central Point teams here last Fri
day. John Pesula was a business visitor
in Medford Saturday.
Mr. and Mrs. Grant Taylor and
son Jimmy, who have been here
nearly a year, where Mr. Ttylor has
run a garage, left Sunday for Ocean
side, Cal. Mr. and Mrs. Walter
Combs and children hae moved Into
the house vacated by the Taylors,
and Mr. Combs will run the garage.
Henry Henderson received the sad
news last week of the death of his
father In Vancouver. B. C.
Among those visiting Medford
Tuesday were W. T. Jones, Lee Hugg,
R. O. Cummlngs, F. Cummlngs, Mar
shal Joe Shults, Bill Bads and James
Whipple.
Mr. and Mrs. Reed Carter and
Charlotte and Mr. and Mrs. James
Wiley were dinner guests Sunday at
the home of Mr. and Mrs. Jack Stew
ard at Wlmer.
Dr. Ogle of Grants Pass was called
up Evans creek Sunday to treat Mrs.
Dan Neathamer, who had a heart at
tack. The relief store, located In the
Sam Math Is store building, will be
open Wednesday and Saturday In
stead of Wednesday and Thursday,
as stated before.
George Martin, rural mall carrier,
had the bad luck to break his car
Thursday, trying to pull through the
deep snow up Pleasant creek.
Mr. and Mrs. Perry L. Walt of Sar
dine creek and Mr. and Mrs. Prank
Oreenwood of Evans creek were din
ner guests Tuesday at the J. Whipple
home.
Ladles' Clvlo Improvement club met
at the home of Mrs. Percy Thomas
last Friday afternoon. Nineteen ladies
were present. Delicious refreshments
were served by the hostess.
The Olrl Scouts have finished their
quilt for sale, but owing to the bad
weather the program to be held Feb
ruary l waa postponed.
Mr. and Mrs. MoVey arrived Sun
day from California and will make
their home in the house they pur
chased on Broadway.
Mr. and Mrs. Day of Grants Pass
spent hmday at the home of Mr. and
Mrs. A. T. Mollvaln'a.
An epidemic of colds ts going the
rounds now. Mrs. Alma Moll vain la
real sick, also Mrs. Lloyd Smith.
Another dance was held here Sat
urday and a large crowd attende.-l .
Another will be held In two weeks.
Oregon Weather
Fair tonight and Saturday but with
valley fogs; gentle, changeable winds
offshore; fair Sunday.
For Fuel Oil delivery Phone 83t.
Relnking Trucking Company. We give
3. & H. green stamps.
New spring shoes now on dlsplar.
A larger and smarter variety than we
have ever had, and at only 1J5 to
$3.i)d. The Band Box and Shoe Box.
.
Phone 6Hi. We'll oaui away youi
refuse. Olty Sanitary Service,
One Sure Way to
End Coughs and Colds
Persistent coughs and colds lead to
serious trouble. You can stop them now
with Creomulaion, an emuleined creosote
that Is pleasant to take. Creomulsion is
new medical discovery with two-fold ac
tion; it soothes and heals the inflamed
membranes and inhibits germ growth.
Of all known drugs, creosote is recog
nized by high medical authorities as one
of the greatest healing agencies for per
sistent coughs and colds and other forms
of throat troubles. Creomulsion ootiMlrut
In addition to creosote, other heeling ele
ments which soothe and heal the infected
membranes and stop the irritation and in
flammation, while the creosote goes on to
the stomach, is absorbed into the blood,
attacln the seat of the trouble and checks
the growth of the germs.
Creomulsion Is guaranteed satisfactory
in the treatment of persistent coughs and
oolds, bronchial asthma, bronchitis and
other forms of respiratory diseases, and
is excel lent for building up the system
after colds or 8u. Money refunded if any
coughorcold, no matter of howlongstajid
ing, is not relieved after taking according
directions. Ask your druggist. (AdvJ
VL-IKJif
w m -j v" . . f m m m
s. A L
1 -J?y,MA
NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY
"Uneeda Bakers"
uixr uuunjc in
Though today was the last of our Cooking School sessions at Rialto
Theater, you needn't be without the latest kinks in "Kitchenowledge''
during the remainder of the year. We invite you to make free use of
our Homemakers' Bureau at all times by mail. Write us on any prob
lem pertaining to cookery and homemaking. Address, Julia Lee
Wright, director Safeway Stores Homemakers' Bureau, Box 660,
Oakland, Calif., enclosing a large stamped, self-addressed envelope for
reply. Our services are entirely without cost to you.
Tli$ iUm$ or ut.d during lU Cooking School S$$ion$ and
-rt featurod at our $tor$ at attractive lowered price$
SATURDAY AND MONDAY SPECIALS
BREAD
FANCY SALMON
Columbia River Goh
PEANUTS
Columbia River Gold Seal Brand
Lb. Can
Fresh Roosted
Lb.
STARCH
Argo Corn or Gloss
Lb. Pkg,
PEANUT BUTTER
12c
9c
7
Mnx-f-muM is Extra Quality.
Protect your health 1
I 72
Lb. i y2c
PANCAKE FLOUR
8 perry's Extra Quality J .
No. 10 Bag tj f C
BUTTER
Safeway Quality Creamery
Lb.
Strictly Fresh, Extras, Inspected
- 3 Do.
Rich Ground a Dtllghtrul Drink
2 Lbs.
EGGS
Strictly
COCOA
Rich Ground-
SOUP STOCKS
Lentils, Spilt Peas, or Pearl Barley
2 Lbs.
21c
35c
15c
17c
OATS
Quick Qtinker. flare at flafewaj
Lge. Pkg.
FAVORITE, White or Whole Wheat, Best Quality ak
Loaf U
Grape Nut Flakes -
Try some of these nut like flakes for breakfast. 1 I
2 Pkgs. I c
COFFEE
Nob JHjrheat Quality. Kept Fresh In ft Wf
Flavored 'Sealed Baf m
AIRWAY COFFEE
Full Flavored Quality Coffee. Tour Money's.
norm ana more, i ne Biggest neuer in me wen m m a
CIGARETTES
Camels are the Fresh Cigarette the best to smoke
2 Pkgs.
PRUNES
Really Fancy Quality
3 Lbs.
CORN
Valley Frldi
PEAS
Valley Pride Standard White, Me. S Can
2 Cans
Green Otanti, Larfe Tender Salad Peas,
t.lo Quality
Med. Can
FLOUR
SAFEWAY, Highest Quality. Ton flare by Buying
Quality
49 Lb. Bag
HOT SAUCE
Taste Tells; Flarora Your Cooking
3 Cans
RHUBARB
Fancy Hothouse
15c
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
ORANGES
22
23c
14c
17c
15c
Sj09
10c
Lb.
6
Fancy, for Juice Not the Small size
2 D02.
29
SAFEWAY QUALITY MEATS
Large Fresh
OYSTERS Pint 19c
Sirloin . T - . ' i
T-Bone STEAK.. Lb. 9Vkc
Rib
Vegetable
SHORTENING... 3 lbs. 23c
Baby Beef
TONGUES Lb. 12V2c
Mild Sugar Cured
HAMS Lb. liy2c
Prime Beef
RIB ROAST Lb. 912c
Leg or Loin
PORK ROASTS ...Lb. IQc
n l.
Veai CHOPS Each 2c
J
35
Cor Main
and Holly
Phone
1010
Ikt! l!lWI.lsr'y f 3111 w '.
83 V.
Central
Phone
607