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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 20, 1914)
It HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION Pasture and Grain Crops for Hogs in Pacific Northwest Contributed by Byron Hunter of the Board of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, 8 33 $ S This is the second of a aeries of articles dealing with erops and systems of cropping for pork production, prepared by Mr. Byron Hunter, who is now state leader in charge of farm-man-agement-field studies and dem onstrations in the Stata of Washington, and employed co operatively by the United States Department of Airrienl- ture and the State College of n aisningion. fall is scant, corn can be hogged off far into the winter. There is slightly less waste 11 a movable fence is used and the hogs are not turned into more corn than they ean consume in IS or 20 days. Especially is this true when the ground becomes wet and muddy. The Use of Barley. As a crop to hog off, barley is used during the summer, autumn and winter. Because the beards, when dry and hard, are so severe on the mouth of the beg, the common beardless barley is gen erally nsed during the summer and early autumn. The bearded varieties usually outyield the beardless consider ably, and for this reason the former are it a . . . i TTrr. , ... .. i generally preierrea ior iaie auiumn ana Il. 'j'! 0r.thwe"t 19 Plily winter use. There are some, however, " picw M log nOBIlUkB Off Of Itnna I U I .. 1. Jl vtuu yrcicr buv waruiew varieue. lur all seasons. If sown very early in the spring, beardless barley generally ripens about ten days or two weeks earlier thaa win ter wheat. This makes it one of the first eropa available for hogging off in the early summer. The hogs are turned into the field when the first patchers are ripening, or when the kernels are in the stiff-dough stage. Hogs do only faidy well on mature bearded barley when the beards are dry and stiff. After the autumn rains have softened the beards and kernels, how ever, they take to it readily. For late antumn and winter use the, bearded varieties are allowed to stand in the field until the fall rains have set in well. This usually gives plenty of time after harvest for the- hogs to glean the stubble field. Blue barley, a bearded variety, is generally sown for late fail and winter use. When allowed to stand in the field it does not shatter and bio. The kernels become so hard nd I Prout nearly so easily as wheat or the lufcvr varieties ui uariey. in Umatilla county, Ore., usou untu Crops Hogged Off. ""I" " Hogging oft of crops. The wet season occurs daring th "'"'- wvuma ana tne dry season dur- -8 u summer. This give a lone 7. " "a'ca crops may be used in t Z7' Th Prin:iP1,l "0P that are -U.M.U10 IOr noggmg down aro wheat, field pen, corn and barley. u generally used from the tune the first spots in the field are npe, aoout the stiff -dough staee nntU the stubble field is open or until field peas or some other erops are ready for use. It will be seen, then, that the xor using wheat is from four to , 7 oe considerable loss from shattering, and the autumn rains in soma localities may also damage the Top. A .fff Jrietr ot mooth club type of head is best suited ftr hogging down. The club head does not shatter so readily as most other type. The true hard and h.A-A . Sfi'-rT. " Turke ' "ot suit-l1 sble. The kernels bm. . .... the beards are so severe on the hoes't,H!alled win mouths that they do not eat enough to I , " ' "a On the farm of W. H. Steea, Umatilla 7Tli "on u pastnred from July 17 to August E4 on 11 acre, of ripe tiding wheat, estimated to yield 15 bushels per acre, made an average gain """" in another instance M. a. oenree, or Whitman county. Wash r-" neaa or hogs on 7 8-16 eree of standing wheat and 1 acre of pasture from July 30 to August 17. The fcogs made a gain of 218 pounds per re and gave a net value per acre of .f. ne set returns from 44 acres or wneat alongside, yielding 19 bush per acre, were only $8.04 per acre. The field pea is one of the most sat bfaetory crops to harvest with hn. The quality of feed furnished is of the ery best, hogs are very fond of the mature peas, and nnder good manage ment the crop is gathered with but verr SifflA r i . .. - - "hi varieties or peas are omparatively large and difficult to eover. What is shattered usually lies on mo surrace or the ground until picked up later. Wlen Hogs Are Turned Into rield. ine nogs are turned Into th fi.M about the time the last peas are nearly mature. L most districU they may be uouu uui aoout uctoDer l, or until uon 19 uanger or toe crop being dam agea oy wet weather. A protracted autumn rain falling upon a heavy crop that the hogs have not cleaned up may cause the peas to sprout To prevent thia the vines are sometimes burned as soon after the rain as they are dry euuugu. nurmng tne vines leaves the pea lying upon the surface of the ground. It is not necestary to burn the (vmee, nowever, ir a movable fence is nsed and the hogs are made to clean up the crop in small areas that will last from two to three weeks eachi Since ripe, mature peas' are rich in protein, Kreou succulent xeea in addition to the peas wm help to balance the ration. Where corn is successfully Mown it is an excellent crop to hog down. Care- iuuy conducted tests at the Minnesota experiment station show that hogs waste no more corn in the field than when fed in lots, and that they gather as ciean as most men do in husking. Farm experience also bears out this con clusion. Corn is advantageously used from the time the ears are well glazed until the weather becomes unfavorable and the ground muddy. Is some dis tricts of the Northwest, where the rain- during November, 1910, 80 hogs were pastured 18 days and 98 hogs 10 days on 11.4 acres of barley on a steep hill side. The gain in weight averaged 230 pounds per acre, having a value of $18.35 per acre. The estimated yield of barley was 21 bushels per acre. Determining Area to Be Hogged Off. In order to reduce the waste to minimum, the area of each crop hogged off must be thoroughly cleaned up. Ow ing to the variation in crop yields and the quantity of grain that hogs of dif ferent sizes will consume, it is not al ways easy to determine the acreage of each crop to be used is this way, pose a portion of the main winter-wheat crop is to be fenced and hogged off from the time the grain is just past the stiff-dough stage, say July 10, until the stubble field is open, August 15. What area of the winter wheat shall be set aside to be used in this wayt This may be determined in two ways, as follows: (1) When the first spots in the field are nearly ripe or when the kernels have just passed the stiff -dough stage, measure and fence a small trial are, enough to last the herd of hogs for only a few days. Prom July 10 to August 15 Is 36 days. If a trial area of one acre lasts the herd 6 days, as many acres of wheat must be reserved as the number of times 6 is contained in 30, or 6 acres, (2) By the second method, the yield of the crop per acre and the quantity of feed that the herd of hogs will con sume per day are estimated. Suppose that the yield of wheat is 30 bushels, or 1,800 pounds, per acre and the herd of hogs will consume 400 pounds of wheat per day. If 400 pounds of wheat are consumed in one day, an acre, or 1,800 pounds, will last 4.5 days. If one acre lasts 4.5 days, 8 acres will be required While both are used in the Pacific Northwest, the latter is the one gen orally practiced. Where crops are used in tms way during the late fall and win ter in the more humid, portions of the wheat belt and west of the Cascade Mountains, where the autumn rains are. frequently heavy, the area should prob ably be limited so that it will be cleaned up in 15 or 20 days. In the arid and semi-arid districts or when used during the dry season in the more humid localities, there is probably no good reason why the area hogged off should not be all that the hoes will clean up nicely during the season. Much larger areas doubtless can be hogged off on sandy or gravelly soils than on clay soils that become -sticky when wet. Crops Suitable for Pasture and Hogging Off. The three Pacific Northwestern States to which this bulletin is prim arily applicable may be divided into three distinet agricultural districts (1) Western Oregon and Western Wash ington that portion of these two states lying west of the Cascade Mountains, (Z) the wheat belt, and (3) the irri gated valleys. Beeause of their great variation in topography, elevation, rain fall, soil, temperature, etc, these three districts present a wide range of agri cultural possibilities. For this reason the crops that may be used in econom ical hog production in each area are discussed separately. Crops for Western Oregon and Western Washington. The moist, mild climate of this dis trict makes it possible to provide an abundance of cheaply grown forage for hogs throughout the entire year. The number of crops which may be used for this purpose is very great. If intended for late fall, winter and early spring use, a pasture should not be grazed during the autumn, in order that a large amount of forage may accumu late. This is neeessary with almost all winter forage crops, for growth prac tically ceases when winter begins. The during the autumn is grazed during the forage that is allowed to aeeumulate winter. It must be understood also that there are times during the winter when most soils west of the Cascade Mountains be come so wet that the tramping of the hogs does a great deal of injury by puddling the soil. For this reason it if generally considered best to remove the hogs from the pasture when a heavy rain falls. This is sot always neeea sary, however, as, for example, on sandy soils and. pastures with a dose grass) sod. Of the legumes, red clover for well- drained soils and alsike for wet lands are generally the most satisfactory. The clovers make their maximum growth during the months of April, May and June. When the summer drought comes on, the quantity of forage produced gradually decreases. If s eltfver pastor is utuizea to its xullest capacity dunnat the spring and early summer, it if neees sary to provide additional greenfeed for the dry season. This may be dona by grazing the elover meadow during; the summer after removing s erop f hay. Alfalfa is not used so generally aS clover for hog pasture west of the Cas eade Mountains. It has been tried is) many loca. ties with varying degrees of success. It has given best satisfaction on- the sandy or loamy soils along the. -watercourses where the water table is at least 4 feet below the surface. Alfalfs is highly successful in the Umpqua and Rogue River Valleys on irrigated asi subirri gated land. Under conditions fa vorable to its growth, it produces as abundance of feed from early spring ua til late in the fall. Grass stains may be removed by satu rating the spots with kerosene, rolling igutly and leaving a short tune. Then rinse out the kerosene and wash with arm soapsuds, rubbing as necessary. YOU CAN EAR $50 00 PER DAY . . Vvv w;tk hm Well DrHllas Machlae, 1Mb Ihnwh iv i I Five jm alttad of anr olktb H mod at Ufaw 130 M w . nd drinni cua V hoaa, ri in ill I ill Tfllim i I Hli lni "I ! ifa.liM tt9cpergtL OmbiiumwhiIb. EloctticallyeMWinwJIaS running nigw. rvhtngjob. tflf me iinAoa. I itiwtm VS . REIERSON MACHINERY CO., Mantra.. Poroaad, OmJ to last 38 days, i. e., from July 10 to August 15, The quantity of wheat that the herd of hogs will consume per day can be determined quite accurately by weigh ing their foed for a few days just be fore they are turned into the field, in the case of growing hogs, they will con sume a little more each day as they grow older. The Area of Grain to Hog at One Time. Crops are hogged off in two ways (i; tty suoaivioing tno lioia with a movable fence into small areas that will last the hogs from 10 to 20 days and (2) by turning tho hogs into the entire field in the beginning. No data are at hand showing which of these methods Is more economical.. READ EVERY WORD!! Mr. Rancher! Mr. Merchant! Mr.Cattleman! Mr. Hopgrower! Mr. Fruitgrower! 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