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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (May 28, 1914)
8 HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION Automqbiles and Good Roads A Department Designed to Help Faruers With Progressive Road Ideas. s s ! Our agricultural colleges, East ? and West, North and South, ar3 3 3 realizing the importance of good $ ? roads for the farmer. Not of necessity the eonerere road that $ permits the automobile to ga ? J tearing along, but those that ? will allow the farmer to haul i his produce economically and S easily to the railroad rtatien er -4 ? market. The arotiapanying ar- ticlo tells Bonwthrag about the work of highway engineering 3 at Washington 8UU College, 8 Pullman, Washington. $ THE PRINCIPLES of highwwy con struction have been taught to students of the Civil Engineer ing epartracnt of the State Col lege t6r years. Fonr years ago, however, the statewide interest in good roads led to the establishing pf a good roads laboratory at the college, equipped with such machinery and. fa cilities as are necessary to train spe cialists in this profession. At the pres ent writing seven student are special izing iu road constrnetien these dis tinguished from the other students of the civil engineering department, whe are interested m other phases of en gineering. Ou the collego campus, a roadway has been reserved for an experiment with somo fiitecn different kinds of road surface. The roadway Teaches from the dairy building en the front campus, out east to the eollege farm, and will be surfaced with different types of road material, put down in scction3, and ail subjected te the same amount of wear. Early reports will be made as to the way in which the dif ferent sections are helping up under the traffic, which is heavy, including automobiles, light vehieles, and the heavy loads occasioned by the haoli&g of building material into the college grounds, and the hauling of crop prod ucts. Surfaces Are Varied Among the surfaces to be nsed are, brick with cement ground filler, brick With bituminous filler, sheet asphalt, sections of bituminous concrete con structed under different specifications, concrete thinly topped with tar, bitnnv inous macadam, and several different kinds of patented pavement. The materials testing laboratory is equipped with the machinery necessary for determining the values of road building material. With reference to tone, this includes resistance to wear, hardness, toughness, cement values, and to on. In the abrasion tests, the fock ' is broken up in small pieces and put in cylinders which are revolved slowly for some time. The percentage of the "rock dust" which has been eroded from the pieces of rock in the rovolving cylinder is then computed, and with this as a basis is calculated the resis tance to wear of tho particular Btone. .Wide differences aro found in differ ent types of rock; and, what is still more confusing, wide differences of re sistance to abrasion are found in (tone cf tho same type, and of almost similar appcarancs. Hacfctaory Is Needed. The machinery necessary to deter mine the temenfc vaules of stotio is in eluded in the equipment of the good roads laboratory, and consists of the ball machine, which, prepare) the stone dust; the melding machine, in which ere made small brickettss of the stone dust; and the impact, machine, in which the brickettes are knocked to pieces. The number of blows required te knock the brickettes to bits constibutes the basis for determining of the eemcstitrg value of tho rock. The cement value ef stone in road surface is very important. For ex ' ample, .the heavy wheels that strike upon basaltic ctone in a road surface, knock from the stone at each blow a certain amount' of dust. This dust set tles in tho road bed. If its cement ing qualities- are gond, when wet by dew or rain, it will stUk together in tie road bed, and thus prolorg the life of the road. If the cementing qiml ity u uot good, the dust will dry out anil blow away. Thus, ia the latter in stance, the road would soon be found in "l.rukwi down" coudi&M. Basalt, which is plentifil in moot sections of the Pacific Northwmit, usu ally is a fairiy good road ttttc, Bnt not always, ps herein lies a stniahMig Mock tor many builders of road. ; In the early times of creatioi, basalt, hi a lava like form, oozed throga fisorres m the Nvrth's surface, anil aprtui ot, ia later ages, cooling. Perhaps the big gest "Basaltic Overflow" i the world exists in the Pacific Nortkweet, It rcaekw from the Canadian bonndarr in California, and eastward t the foot hills of the Rockies. Although preserv ing a general similarity of appearance, the quality of basalt with reference to to roadniaking varies. The aly sure I way to determine is to make a careful and scientific tests; and if the battnlt is found to be defective, the readmaker must take this into consideration, or a state or county will, a few yewrs later, be found to have expended whole for tunes in the building cf practically worthies rnmls. Ctril Engineer, To The above is cited only as an ex ample ef the many problems which arise in mndmaking, but which esist to a greater or less extent in practically every type of road material mted. Even when well informed, and with the best ef testing machinery and laboratory fa eilities at hand, tho good roads' en gineer oftea runs amuck of sew and puzzling problems. Sandstone usually is not very good, thongh some of it is all rigt. Bamlt usually is good. ' So is diorite, diabnsa, dolomite, and grani. i, thooga, far rea sons above indicated, it i aaeaie to soy thut ay rock "is good er bad till it hie bM subjected to tU for co rneal: TalM, hardness, toughness, ab sorption, aad so on. While the interest of tho highway en gineer ia roadniaking materials is al ways keen, his knowledge limited to this field would not make him a high way engineer by any meaas. He must be a civil engineer must nnderstand how to establish grades for streets or roadways, must understand bridge eon strnetion, the more thoroughly the bet ter; mit have a certain amount of legal knowledge, insofar as the laws of the stare touch upon highway construc tion, and eflabtish rules by which as sessment are made upon abutting prop erty owners. These and mauy other tkiiiKS pertinent to his profession he must know; so that the four years which the student spends in tho good roads labevatorus and class rooms of the Etttt t'A!lej;e are crowded with hard and strtens study. 33$ fJSi 5? - n ..7..-...r'-- 4 THE NOVO GASOLINE ENGINE Will Do the Work Quicker and Cheaper For You. The most compact and simplest en gine made. No separate gasoline taak, no separate water tank, no piping, no careful adjustments. Absolutely guar anteed against damage by freezing. Made in all sizes from 1 h. p. to 15 h. p., and furnished in combination with fore pumps, centrifugal pumps, deep well pumps, wood saws, spraying outfits, eU. Lower prioes than formerly. For full particulars address. ' The Beebe Company , - Department C. 1821-0 Morrison Bt PortlW, Oregon. Nickel Plate Hurt tke trimmings en vnr auto nickel- itatoa. ,.Ah ell cthrr xiida at finishes on n( atatal. Writs for ariaca. Mail orders praaatlj filled. .. . 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