8
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
Automqbiles and Good Roads
A Department Designed to Help Faruers With Progressive Road Ideas.
s s
! Our agricultural colleges, East
? and West, North and South, ar3 3
3 realizing the importance of good $
? roads for the farmer. Not of
necessity the eonerere road that $
permits the automobile to ga ?
J tearing along, but those that
? will allow the farmer to haul
i his produce economically and
S easily to the railroad rtatien er -4
? market. The arotiapanying ar-
ticlo tells Bonwthrag about the
work of highway engineering 3
at Washington 8UU College,
8 Pullman, Washington. $
THE PRINCIPLES of highwwy con
struction have been taught to
students of the Civil Engineer
ing epartracnt of the State Col
lege t6r years. Fonr years ago,
however, the statewide interest in
good roads led to the establishing pf
a good roads laboratory at the college,
equipped with such machinery and. fa
cilities as are necessary to train spe
cialists in this profession. At the pres
ent writing seven student are special
izing iu road constrnetien these dis
tinguished from the other students of
the civil engineering department, whe
are interested m other phases of en
gineering.
Ou the collego campus, a roadway
has been reserved for an experiment
with somo fiitecn different kinds of
road surface. The roadway Teaches
from the dairy building en the front
campus, out east to the eollege farm,
and will be surfaced with different
types of road material, put down in
scction3, and ail subjected te the same
amount of wear. Early reports will be
made as to the way in which the dif
ferent sections are helping up under
the traffic, which is heavy, including
automobiles, light vehieles, and the
heavy loads occasioned by the haoli&g
of building material into the college
grounds, and the hauling of crop prod
ucts. Surfaces Are Varied
Among the surfaces to be nsed are,
brick with cement ground filler, brick
With bituminous filler, sheet asphalt,
sections of bituminous concrete con
structed under different specifications,
concrete thinly topped with tar, bitnnv
inous macadam, and several different
kinds of patented pavement.
The materials testing laboratory is
equipped with the machinery necessary
for determining the values of road
building material. With reference to
tone, this includes resistance to wear,
hardness, toughness, cement values, and
to on.
In the abrasion tests, the fock ' is
broken up in small pieces and put in
cylinders which are revolved slowly for
some time. The percentage of the
"rock dust" which has been eroded
from the pieces of rock in the rovolving
cylinder is then computed, and with
this as a basis is calculated the resis
tance to wear of tho particular Btone.
.Wide differences aro found in differ
ent types of rock; and, what is still
more confusing, wide differences of re
sistance to abrasion are found in (tone
cf tho same type, and of almost similar
appcarancs.
Hacfctaory Is Needed.
The machinery necessary to deter
mine the temenfc vaules of stotio is in
eluded in the equipment of the good
roads laboratory, and consists of the
ball machine, which, prepare) the stone
dust; the melding machine, in which
ere made small brickettss of the stone
dust; and the impact, machine, in which
the brickettes are knocked to pieces.
The number of blows required te knock
the brickettes to bits constibutes the
basis for determining of the eemcstitrg
value of tho rock.
The cement value ef stone in road
surface is very important. For ex
' ample, .the heavy wheels that strike
upon basaltic ctone in a road surface,
knock from the stone at each blow a
certain amount' of dust. This dust set
tles in tho road bed. If its cement
ing qualities- are gond, when wet by
dew or rain, it will stUk together in
tie road bed, and thus prolorg the
life of the road. If the cementing qiml
ity u uot good, the dust will dry out
anil blow away. Thus, ia the latter in
stance, the road would soon be found
in "l.rukwi down" coudi&M.
Basalt, which is plentifil in moot
sections of the Pacific Northwmit, usu
ally is a fairiy good road ttttc, Bnt not
always, ps herein lies a stniahMig Mock
tor many builders of road. ; In the
early times of creatioi, basalt, hi a
lava like form, oozed throga fisorres
m the Nvrth's surface, anil aprtui ot,
ia later ages, cooling. Perhaps the big
gest "Basaltic Overflow" i the world
exists in the Pacific Nortkweet, It
rcaekw from the Canadian bonndarr in
California, and eastward t the foot
hills of the Rockies. Although preserv
ing a general similarity of appearance,
the quality of basalt with reference to
to roadniaking varies. The aly sure I
way to determine is to make a careful
and scientific tests; and if the battnlt
is found to be defective, the readmaker
must take this into consideration, or a
state or county will, a few yewrs later,
be found to have expended whole for
tunes in the building cf practically
worthies rnmls.
Ctril Engineer, To
The above is cited only as an ex
ample ef the many problems which arise
in mndmaking, but which esist to a
greater or less extent in practically
every type of road material mted. Even
when well informed, and with the best
ef testing machinery and laboratory fa
eilities at hand, tho good roads' en
gineer oftea runs amuck of sew and
puzzling problems.
Sandstone usually is not very good,
thongh some of it is all rigt. Bamlt
usually is good. ' So is diorite, diabnsa,
dolomite, and grani. i, thooga, far rea
sons above indicated, it i aaeaie to
soy thut ay rock "is good er bad till
it hie bM subjected to tU for co
rneal: TalM, hardness, toughness, ab
sorption, aad so on.
While the interest of tho highway en
gineer ia roadniaking materials is al
ways keen, his knowledge limited to
this field would not make him a high
way engineer by any meaas. He must
be a civil engineer must nnderstand
how to establish grades for streets or
roadways, must understand bridge eon
strnetion, the more thoroughly the bet
ter; mit have a certain amount of
legal knowledge, insofar as the laws of
the stare touch upon highway construc
tion, and eflabtish rules by which as
sessment are made upon abutting prop
erty owners. These and mauy other
tkiiiKS pertinent to his profession he
must know; so that the four years
which the student spends in tho good
roads labevatorus and class rooms of
the Etttt t'A!lej;e are crowded with hard
and strtens study.
33$ fJSi 5?
- n ..7..-...r'--
4
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Made in all sizes from 1 h. p. to 15 h. p.,
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Lower prioes than formerly. For full
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The Beebe Company
, - Department C.
1821-0 Morrison Bt PortlW, Oregon.
Nickel Plate
Hurt tke trimmings en vnr auto nickel-
itatoa. ,.Ah ell cthrr xiida at finishes on
n( atatal. Writs for ariaca. Mail orders
praaatlj filled.
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li ad alter Streets, Portland, Oregon.
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OTHER OUT BUILDIHGS.
Following STOCK included :
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FOUR CALVES
ONK BliLL
EIGHT HORSES
SIXTY Hons AND
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. The Harbolt Realty Company
INC.
710 LEWIS BTJTLDINO,
Fourth and 0v.
Marahall 4200. A-7158
Hotel Butler
Seattle, Wash.
. art-
Under new management entire change in
all departments all rooms redecorated and
refurnished. Particular attention is now being
paid to prompt, efficient and courteous service.
DAILY RATES
$2.00 Up With Private Bath
$1.00 Up Without Private Bath
Hotel Butler Cafe
-THE FINEST IN SEATTLE
Service the Best
Cuisine Unexcelled
ROBERT J. ROBINSON
Manager
LIFE
HEALTH
ACCIDENT
Phona Main 1TII
One IPolicy
pom BIN ATION
VJONTRACT
3-1
0t
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Clip thli Coupon u nail ta tho Rm
Offic for full Information. No
obligation Inourrod.
Nam:
t i mi 1 1 ti f MTtrf ita MMt
AddrMI!
"Trtl M Met
Occupation!
....' w'9 . . . M . . MlM'.:
.Ago ntarait blrthdar .mxx
Amt Iniumac Suetaatad:
'.NSURANCE CO.
IIOME OFFICE SEATTLE, U. fl.