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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (May 28, 1914)
7 Among the Orchards of the Northwest A Page of Interesting Advice and Information About Fruits, Large and Small. HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION To get bent results from berry fields it is necesBary to train the plants to some sort of trellis $ for the support of tho canes. $ The kind of trellis to use and $ the method of training depend 4 upon the kind of berries and Choir habit of growth. Bed rasp- berries and high-bush black- 3 berries whose habit of growth is 4 upright are usually trained on a different Bort of trellis from trailers such as Loganberries 8 and Evergreen blackberries. S Mr. Stahl, the writer of this S article, is horticulturist at the J Washington State Experiment & Station. 3 3 v BY J. la. STAHL. THERE are several methods or sys tems of training red raspberries, now in use, some of which aro ex cellent while others are not so desirable. System A. Many berry growers use a trellis made of two No. 14 wires strung horizontally on cross pieces made of 2x4 's. The cross pieces are usually 12 to 16 inches in length and nailed to upright posts at a height of about four and a half feet. Seven-foot posts are used and set about tr feet in the ground and thirty to forty feet apart. The canos are kept between the wires and out of the way during cultivation, but the old and new canes are not sepa rated. With this system of training the new canes are often in the way during harvesting and are sometimes badly in jured by the pickers. System B. Another method of train- ins usos a double trellis having two cross pieces and four wires. One pair of these wires are placed at a height of two feet, and the other pair at a height of four and half feet from the ground. With this system tho old or bearing canes ara bent over and neia firm by weaving them to tho wires on one side and the new shoots are allowed to grow upright between the pairs of wires and out of the way of the bearing canes. The posts and cross pieces of the trellis are very similar to those of the preceding system. Growers using this method of training are very much pleased with it and claim the fruit is easily picked and the new canes very seldom disturbed or injured at harvest time. System C. Some growers instead of having either a singlo or double trellis of horizontal wires and cross pieces have but one wire from post to post on which the bearing canes are fastened It is usually Btretchcd between four and five feet in height. The canes are some times woven to the wire but quite often are bent over and tied. The new canes are allowed to grow erect and shortly before harvest time they ara tied to a temporary wire. Old French Method. Any of the systems so far montioned can be used in fields having rows set even feet apart. A plan of training very held in place by stretching a temporary wire on the west side of them and a few inches below the lower wire of the trellis ti which the bearing cane are tied. Stretching of the temporary, wire may be done any time after the young canes are three er four feet in height and before harvest. With this system of training the pickers are in the shade of the plants most of the day. Cultivat ing is made no harder than with other systems and the canes aro given every opportunity for development. . System S Given. System E. A few growers who do not care for early berries are adopting the following system. Posts are set and cross pieces attached as in systera A, but at a height of five feet. The cross pieces are of one-inch boards six inches in width and about sixteen inches in length. Instead of stapling the wires to the cross pieces, holes are bored about two inches from tho ends and three inches from the top of eaoh board.' Through these holes the wires are drawn. About two inches above and an inch nearer each end of the board other holes are made for two more wires. ' ; . . , .. A notch is mado to the top holes with a saw so that wires can be easily pushed into the holes from the top of the board. The top wires are strung loosely until the canes are in place. The fruiting canes of each hill are divided; half are placed outside of the lower wire on one side and half the same way on the other side. The upper wire is then drawn tight and the canes held securely in position with no tying. There is a space or twelve inches dc- rween each lower wire in which the young canes are allowed to develop. In. this wav the young canes are not in jured during harvesting and do not in terfere with the fruiting canes. 1'icK ing is done from both sides of the row. This system makes harvesting easy and the foliaeo dries quickly after a rain. The fruiting canes are usually eut back to a height of six fpet, making the fruiting season a little later than when some of the other systems of training are used. High-Bush Blackberries. The high-bush blackberry is some times set in hills six feet apart each way, but more often tho plants are set in rows seven or eight feet apart and about three feet apart between indi vidual plants. The method of training is very Bimilar to System A described for training red raspberries. When the frnits are patrially developed, the fruit ing shoots are drawn to the outside of the trellis,' where they ' hang , in easy reach of the pickers. Svstem F. "Most of the trailer black berries, such aa Evergreen, are mm- ported by a double trellis quite like that? used in. System B for red raspberries, but the' posts are set closer and cross pieees of wood or wire eonnect each pair of wires. The posts are usually set sixteen to twenty- four feet apart and the. cross strips on tho wires are at intervals of twenty four or thirtv inche. The lower pair of wires sup ports the yonng eaaes as they are de veloped and the upper trellis holds the Some of the growers instead of train ing the canes on a double trellis have three wires, one above tho other, and about eighteen, or twenty inches apart. Th bearing canes are curled, snail fash ion, over one wire and under the next instead of serpentine fashion above and below cross strips. The young eanes are allowed to remain on the ground under neath the trellis until the bearing canes have been removed and then are trained to take their place. With this plan the plants may be set closer in the rows than with other sys tems of training. The first railroad in Prussia to us electric traction on a large scale ob tained much of its equipment from the United States. been tried by some growers and is be W adopted in a number of newly set fields. The rows are sot nortn ana south, eight feet apart, and trellis placed about a foot to the east of each row. The trellis is made by ustag eight foot posts ten inehes to a foot ia diameter. They are set three feet ia the ground about fifty feet apart. Posts seven feet ia length may be substituted but they must be set closer. A wire is sretohed from post to post, three feet from the ground, and on the side of the posts nearest the plants. The bearing canes are drawn over te the wire and securely tied with string. On the oppo site side of each post and ten or twelve inches higher another wire is stretehed. The bearing canes hang over this wire but are not tied to H. As the frnit is developed the canes gradually droop on to! they rest on the upper wire. They are thus supported and can oe easily pushed to one sido without injury as the fruit is picked. All of the pieking is done from the east side of the row and the new eanes are not disturbed. The now or young canes grow erect and are on each pair" of wires are osuaTly mftdff of wood. They aro held t the. wires by notches in the wood or by stapling one end of the strip to one wire and driving a shingle nail in the other end in sneh a manner that it hooks over the other wire. The strips can thus easily be removed when the canes are eut out or raised. The eanes are trained serrm- tin fashion above and below the cross strips and held firmly to thetrellis. After the bearing eanes have produced a crop they are eut out and the young eanes raised in their plnse, Loganberries. System O. A few growers train the ymmg canes at a height of five feet six inches and the bearing eanes below at a height of forty inches. They like this) method better than the preceding one. With both systems the eanes may all be trained in the same direction but usually half of the bearing eanes in eaoh hill and half of tne yonng eanes are trained in opposite directions. In general the systems for training Loganberries are the same aa for aver greena, r He Who Saves - f 3.50 each month gets..; I 500.00 y ' '.'''' '.'. 7.50 each' month gats 1,000.00 ' ' i4.oo each month ts 2,000.00 - ,. . V 21.00 each month gets 3,000.00 Larger or Smaller Sums in the Same Proportion. - WHITE FOB BOOKLET WHICH TELLS HOW IT IS DONE. r You Incur No Obligation. .CHAR E. LAPD, Pres. EDW. COOKTNOHAM, Vice-Pre THEO. B. WILCOX, Viee-Pres. , F. MeKERCHEB, See'ry. " . EQUITABLE SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION 240442 Stark Street. Portland, Oregon. HUE VOUfi HY The opportunity of the year, and of the splendid era that is opening in Seattle's prosperity! Become associated with a strong organization, made up of leading business men in whom the pub lic hare the fullest confidence, and operating along lines marvel ously successful in other states, but never developed before to their fullest possibilities in the Northwest. HELP TO BUILD 'THE GREATER SEATTLE 7 ?acific Home Builders H. O, SHUEY r i President and Manager Pres. H. 6. Shuey ft Co. and Kquitable Build ing, Loan and Investment Association. ' FBED 0. FOKTII . . . Vice-Presidont Manager Vulcan Iron Works. W, 8. BBUi " - ; Secretary-Treasurer ' v DISECTOES H. U. CHsa. Attorney ind Capitalist. ; A. K. Knoff, Amerieas Steel ft Wira CoropauT. F. A. Ernst, Pres. Ernal Hardwara ft Plumm Oi, K. W. Campbell, National City Bant AVMOBY BOARD. Ma. Alrin H. HanHns, Manufacturing Jeweler. George Boncluert, whelcaale and retail Confectioner. Dr. M . A. Matthews, 'Pastor First Presbyterian ' Charch. '-' '" ' H. A. Kimball. Asst. Genl. Freight Agent Great Northern Railway. 0. H. Buschmann, Treas. and Mgr. Northwestern . fisheries Do. George F. Vauderrer, Venderreer ft Oummlngs, ; r. 1. Fleischer, Cashier First State Bank. Preeoosa, Washington. Marcus ftigcr, Pres. Eiehaaga Bank of Waitsbarft Wasfciugtiui. Capt. W. V. Feull. Pres. West Seattle Slot Bank, Franklin Skey& Co. 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