7
Among the Orchards of the Northwest
A Page of Interesting Advice and Information About Fruits, Large and Small.
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
To get bent results from berry
fields it is necesBary to train
the plants to some sort of trellis $
for the support of tho canes. $
The kind of trellis to use and $
the method of training depend 4
upon the kind of berries and
Choir habit of growth. Bed rasp-
berries and high-bush black- 3
berries whose habit of growth is
4 upright are usually trained on a
different Bort of trellis from
trailers such as Loganberries 8
and Evergreen blackberries. S
Mr. Stahl, the writer of this S
article, is horticulturist at the J
Washington State Experiment
& Station. 3
3 v
BY J. la. STAHL.
THERE are several methods or sys
tems of training red raspberries,
now in use, some of which aro ex
cellent while others are not so desirable.
System A. Many berry growers use
a trellis made of two No. 14 wires
strung horizontally on cross pieces made
of 2x4 's. The cross pieces are usually
12 to 16 inches in length and nailed to
upright posts at a height of about four
and a half feet. Seven-foot posts are
used and set about tr feet in the
ground and thirty to forty feet apart.
The canos are kept between the wires
and out of the way during cultivation,
but the old and new canes are not sepa
rated. With this system of training the
new canes are often in the way during
harvesting and are sometimes badly in
jured by the pickers.
System B. Another method of train-
ins usos a double trellis having two
cross pieces and four wires. One pair
of these wires are placed at a height
of two feet, and the other pair at a
height of four and half feet from the
ground. With this system tho old or
bearing canes ara bent over and neia
firm by weaving them to tho wires on
one side and the new shoots are allowed
to grow upright between the pairs of
wires and out of the way of the bearing
canes. The posts and cross pieces of
the trellis are very similar to those of
the preceding system. Growers using
this method of training are very much
pleased with it and claim the fruit is
easily picked and the new canes very
seldom disturbed or injured at harvest
time.
System C. Some growers instead of
having either a singlo or double trellis
of horizontal wires and cross pieces
have but one wire from post to post on
which the bearing canes are fastened
It is usually Btretchcd between four and
five feet in height. The canes are some
times woven to the wire but quite often
are bent over and tied. The new canes
are allowed to grow erect and shortly
before harvest time they ara tied to a
temporary wire.
Old French Method.
Any of the systems so far montioned
can be used in fields having rows set
even feet apart.
A plan of training very
held in place by stretching a temporary
wire on the west side of them and a few
inches below the lower wire of the
trellis ti which the bearing cane are
tied. Stretching of the temporary, wire
may be done any time after the young
canes are three er four feet in height
and before harvest. With this system
of training the pickers are in the shade
of the plants most of the day. Cultivat
ing is made no harder than with other
systems and the canes aro given every
opportunity for development. .
System S Given.
System E. A few growers who do not
care for early berries are adopting the
following system. Posts are set and
cross pieces attached as in systera A,
but at a height of five feet. The cross
pieces are of one-inch boards six inches
in width and about sixteen inches in
length.
Instead of stapling the wires to the
cross pieces, holes are bored about two
inches from tho ends and three inches
from the top of eaoh board.' Through
these holes the wires are drawn. About
two inches above and an inch nearer
each end of the board other holes are
made for two more wires. ' ; . . , ..
A notch is mado to the top holes with
a saw so that wires can be easily pushed
into the holes from the top of the board.
The top wires are strung loosely until
the canes are in place. The fruiting
canes of each hill are divided; half are
placed outside of the lower wire on one
side and half the same way on the other
side. The upper wire is then drawn
tight and the canes held securely in
position with no tying.
There is a space or twelve inches dc-
rween each lower wire in which the
young canes are allowed to develop. In.
this wav the young canes are not in
jured during harvesting and do not in
terfere with the fruiting canes. 1'icK
ing is done from both sides of the row.
This system makes harvesting easy and
the foliaeo dries quickly after a rain.
The fruiting canes are usually eut back
to a height of six fpet, making the
fruiting season a little later than when
some of the other systems of training
are used.
High-Bush Blackberries.
The high-bush blackberry is some
times set in hills six feet apart each
way, but more often tho plants are set
in rows seven or eight feet apart and
about three feet apart between indi
vidual plants. The method of training
is very Bimilar to System A described
for training red raspberries. When the
frnits are patrially developed, the fruit
ing shoots are drawn to the outside of
the trellis,' where they ' hang , in easy
reach of the pickers.
Svstem F. "Most of the trailer black
berries, such aa Evergreen, are mm-
ported by a double trellis quite like that?
used in. System B for red raspberries,
but the' posts are set closer and cross
pieees of wood or wire eonnect each
pair of wires. The posts are usually set
sixteen to twenty- four feet apart and
the. cross strips on tho wires are at
intervals of twenty four or thirtv
inche. The lower pair of wires sup
ports the yonng eaaes as they are de
veloped and the upper trellis holds the
Some of the growers instead of train
ing the canes on a double trellis have
three wires, one above tho other, and
about eighteen, or twenty inches apart.
Th bearing canes are curled, snail fash
ion, over one wire and under the next
instead of serpentine fashion above and
below cross strips. The young eanes are
allowed to remain on the ground under
neath the trellis until the bearing canes
have been removed and then are trained
to take their place.
With this plan the plants may be set
closer in the rows than with other sys
tems of training.
The first railroad in Prussia to us
electric traction on a large scale ob
tained much of its equipment from the
United States.
been tried by some growers and is be
W adopted in a number of newly set
fields. The rows are sot nortn ana
south, eight feet apart, and trellis
placed about a foot to the east of each
row. The trellis is made by ustag eight
foot posts ten inehes to a foot ia
diameter. They are set three feet ia
the ground about fifty feet apart. Posts
seven feet ia length may be substituted
but they must be set closer. A wire is
sretohed from post to post, three feet
from the ground, and on the side of the
posts nearest the plants. The bearing
canes are drawn over te the wire and
securely tied with string. On the oppo
site side of each post and ten or twelve
inches higher another wire is stretehed.
The bearing canes hang over this wire
but are not tied to H. As the frnit is
developed the canes gradually droop on
to! they rest on the upper wire. They
are thus supported and can oe easily
pushed to one sido without injury as
the fruit is picked. All of the pieking is
done from the east side of the row and
the new eanes are not disturbed. The
now or young canes grow erect and are
on each pair" of wires are osuaTly mftdff
of wood. They aro held t the. wires
by notches in the wood or by stapling
one end of the strip to one wire and
driving a shingle nail in the other end
in sneh a manner that it hooks over the
other wire. The strips can thus easily
be removed when the canes are eut out
or raised. The eanes are trained serrm-
tin fashion above and below the cross
strips and held firmly to thetrellis.
After the bearing eanes have produced
a crop they are eut out and the young
eanes raised in their plnse,
Loganberries.
System O. A few growers train the
ymmg canes at a height of five feet six
inches and the bearing eanes below at
a height of forty inches. They like this)
method better than the preceding one.
With both systems the eanes may all
be trained in the same direction but
usually half of the bearing eanes in
eaoh hill and half of tne yonng eanes
are trained in opposite directions.
In general the systems for training
Loganberries are the same aa for aver
greena,
r He Who Saves
- f 3.50 each month gets..; I 500.00
y ' '.'''' '.'. 7.50 each' month gats 1,000.00
' ' i4.oo each month ts 2,000.00
- ,. . V 21.00 each month gets 3,000.00
Larger or Smaller Sums in the Same Proportion.
- WHITE FOB BOOKLET WHICH TELLS HOW IT IS DONE.
r You Incur No Obligation.
.CHAR E. LAPD, Pres. EDW. COOKTNOHAM, Vice-Pre
THEO. B. WILCOX, Viee-Pres. , F. MeKERCHEB, See'ry.
" . EQUITABLE SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION
240442 Stark Street. Portland, Oregon.
HUE VOUfi HY
The opportunity of the year, and of the splendid era that is
opening in Seattle's prosperity! Become associated with a strong
organization, made up of leading business men in whom the pub
lic hare the fullest confidence, and operating along lines marvel
ously successful in other states, but never developed before to
their fullest possibilities in the Northwest.
HELP TO BUILD 'THE
GREATER SEATTLE 7
?acific Home Builders
H. O, SHUEY r i President and Manager
Pres. H. 6. Shuey ft Co. and Kquitable Build
ing, Loan and Investment Association.
' FBED 0. FOKTII . . . Vice-Presidont
Manager Vulcan Iron Works.
W, 8. BBUi " - ; Secretary-Treasurer
' v DISECTOES
H. U. CHsa. Attorney ind Capitalist.
; A. K. Knoff, Amerieas Steel ft Wira CoropauT.
F. A. Ernst, Pres. Ernal Hardwara ft Plumm Oi,
K. W. Campbell, National City Bant
AVMOBY BOARD.
Ma. Alrin H. HanHns, Manufacturing Jeweler.
George Boncluert, whelcaale and retail Confectioner.
Dr. M . A. Matthews, 'Pastor First Presbyterian
' Charch. '-' '" '
H. A. Kimball. Asst. Genl. Freight Agent Great
Northern Railway.
0. H. Buschmann, Treas. and Mgr. Northwestern
. fisheries Do.
George F. Vauderrer, Venderreer ft Oummlngs,
; r. 1. Fleischer, Cashier First State Bank. Preeoosa,
Washington.
Marcus ftigcr, Pres. Eiehaaga Bank of Waitsbarft
Wasfciugtiui.
Capt. W. V. Feull. Pres. West Seattle Slot Bank,
Franklin Skey& Co.
FISCAL AGENTS
562-564 Empire Pldg
rhoo Main 20TS SEATTLE
a'
vV'