The Athena press. (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942, February 28, 1908, Image 2

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The Athena press., February 28, 1908, Image 2

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Newspaper Page Text6CIENTIFI0 STUDY OP BEAUTS. Man' Intellectual Superiority E plalaad by Dr. Edward Spttaor. work that scientists la all parti of the civilized world hare been await 1&S with eagerness has Just been Issued under the Imprint of the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia. It Is a study of brains, by Dr. Ed ward Anthony Spltzka, professor ol general anatomy In Jefferson Medical College, formerly demonstrator ol . anatomy In Columbia University, and an authority of world-wide recognltlos upon scientific study of the brain. Omitting the scientific terminology, some of the most Important of Dr. Spltzka's statements may be thus ex pressed : The white matter of the callosum, 01 band connecting the hemispheres of thi cerebrum, in groat measure determine) the quality of human Intellect Thi cerebrum Is that portion of the brain which lies In front of the skull, and li generally accepted as the seat of the mind. Heretofore the quantity of thi gray matter of the brain was supposed to determine the fineness and useful ness of the brain. The fibers of the callosum are tbi telephone wires connecting and asso ciating the brain centers. Disease ot Injury in those Is attended by profound weak-mindedness or downright Idiocy. Contrast of the brain of Dr. Joseph Letdy with that of Prof. E. D. Cope shows that it is possible not only to dif ferentiate between the learned and the Awnote Iguorunt, but that austrutie reasoning produces one kind of a brain, while ol servatlou and concrete philosophy pro duces another form. Such abnormalities as left-handed-ness, pnrtlul deafness and defects of vision leave their indelible Imprints upon the bralu. The brains of various kinds of think ers show specialized developments ; thus musicians' brains are richly eon voluted In the auditory association area. The average weight of the brain of nn adult male Is 1,41)0 grammes. The average weight of a woman's brain la 1.2(H) grammes. The bralu of Cuvler, the naturalist, weighed 1,830 grammes, that of Turgoiiev, the novelist, 2,013 grammes, and that of Daniel Webster, 1,807 grammes. Sinullness of the occipital arc (the curvature at the back of the bead) sig nifies superiority of brain development This measurement In centesslmnls, the metric divisors of a 00-degree arc are as follows: Average inn 20.8 k ........... n...i..,.n 01 T . ' 'l Chimpanzee 24.2 Concerning the question of weight, Dr. Spitzka says: "The fruitful Investigations of many anatomists have resulted hi the tabu lation of thousands of brain weights drawn from all the social and intel lectual classes, among which more than 100 are of mcu of lutellectuul emi nence. "Men of the kind who never remain steadily employed and who usually fail to even learn a trade stand lowest In the scale. Above them come the me chanics and trade workers, the clerks, the ordinary business men and common school teachers. "Highest of nil wo find men of de- elded mental abilities; the geniuses of tho pencil, brush and sculptor's chisel, the mathematicians, scholars and statesmen.' lean. -Philadelphia North Anier Stuck to 111 Word. "Of course Duhley's married. Didn't you know that?" i "No. Why, he said he wouldu't mar. ry the best womuu ou earth " "Yes, and he kept his word." Phil dolphin Press. FUk With Four Eye, Fishes have been discovered In Guat nnala wlh two pairs of eyes. One pair does duty above water and the other below, the fish thus being able to see equally well in two elemeuts. Putting Hint Next, "rapa, what Is a hardship?" "An armored cruiser, son," Houston Post Nature seldom stores a lot of brains behind a pretty face. THEVEEKIY J. 1183 Llewellyn, the last Welsh Princi of Wales, killed at Llandewyer. 1014 The Dutch erected a blockhouse near the present site of Albany, N. Y. 1020 Pilgrim fathers landed at Ply month Rock. 16-12 New Zealand discovered by Tas- man. 1053 Meeting of the first General As sembly of the people of New York 1009 .Swedes defeated the Muscovites at Narva. 1738 First bank post bills issued In Eng land. 1775 America Coneress determined to build a navy of thirteen frigates. 1770 Continental Congress adjourned to Baltimore, on the approach of th British. 1778 John Jay of New York elected president of Congress. 1781 The British evacuated Charleston. 1780 Sierra Leone founded as an asy lum for destitute negroes from the United States and West Indies. 1705 Charles Lee of Virginia became Attorney Generul of the United States. 1708 King of Sardinia abdicated. 1811 American ship Essex captured; British packet Nocton, with $35,000 on board. 1813 Burning of Niagara at the In stance of the American forces. 1816 Indiana admitted into the Union as the nineteenth State. . . .First sav ings bank in fffe United States open ed in Boston. 1817 Mississippi admitted Into the Union as the twentieth State. 1824 Peruvians achieved independence by defeating the Spaniards at Aya cucho. 1830 National Republican party, at Baltimore, nominated Henry Clay for President. J833 Jamaica abolished slavery. 1S3S "Atlierton Gag" law passed by the House of Representatives. 1844 Bill for the annexation of Texas Introduced In both houses of Con- ( naturally want to give him such care gress. oh to keep him in his prime as long as 1845 British war against the Sikhs be-j possible. It Is best to have a stall or gan. Ended with annexation of the 6hed for the bull where he will be sop Punjaub In 1849. arated from the herd. Give him a yard 1848 Louis Napoleon elected President large enough so that the confinement of the French. J will not be too severe, and be sure to 1850 Many killed and injured in boiler have his yard surrounded by a bull explosion on steamer Anglo-Norman at New Orleans. 1859 Victoria bridge, Montreal, opened. UiUO Lewis Cass of Michigan resigned as Secretary of State. 1861 The Prince Consort, husband of Queen Victoria, died. .. .Large sec tion of Charleston, S. C, destroyed by fire. ' 1S62 Gen. Burnside repulsed at battle of Fredericksburg. 1806 Oaks colliery disaster in England, I with loss of 300 lives. 1808 House of Representatives an nounced its purpose to pay tuny tue national debt. 1871 Alarming illness of the Prince of Wales, now King Edward VII. 1 1870 Wade Hampton declared Governor of South Carolina. 1877 Osmnn Pasha surrendered with his entire army, 188!) Congress commemorated the cen tenary of the Inauguration of Presi dent Washington. 1800 North Albania reported to be In a state of sanguinary anarchy. 1805 William O. Bradley inaugurated ss first Republican Governor of Ken tucky. 1807 Strike of cotton mill operatives at Atlanta, Ga. Sea Teat of Gyroacope. The claim made some time ago thaj steadiness might be imparted to ships at sen In heavy weather by means of a gyro scope was received with some incredulity by practical mariners. Recent dispatch en from London, however, indicate that the matter lias been nut to a thorough test, with most gratifying results. The experiments were made In the North Sea, oCt Tynemouth, under the direction of Dr. Sililick, the Inventor. The vessel used was a boat of the torpedo class, the See bar, 110 feet long. The water during. me mree uays oi die test was sucti as to cause considerable rolling of vessels of "urplus honey could be obtained, and even greater dimensions. The effect of tn beekeeper himself would feel more the gyroscope was most remarkable. Msy about his bees. In producing comb While the vessel heaved up and down honey in 1-pouud boxes, It is necessary with the waves, the d-ck remained almost ' to actually crowd the bees Into the sec horuontal. It is said that arrangements ! Uou boXeS( for they seem loath to oe- are being made to install the apparatus oa several commercial lines. Bell' Aeroplane Fllea. According to reports from Baddeck, C P.- the tetrahedral kite Cjirnet invented V Fro'- Alexander Graham Bell, made a successful sseeut on December 6. While it Is intended to have the kite, or aero- I plaue, propelled by a motor, this motor i had not been supplied ; therefore the ma chine was mounted on platform floating on the water of a small lake, and was taken In tow by a steam launch. As the speed of the launch Increased the appa ratus left the platform and soon soared to a considerable height hipping Calery, During the early part of the season the packing of celery Is done entirely from the rows where the; crop Is grown, later from the trenches and after ward from the store house, writes W. R. Beattie. In preparing celery for market from the rows where grown It Is not necessary to remove the entire root celebt bunch, from the earth, but It may be cut off Just below the surface of the soil by means of a stiff knife. Remove the outside leaves and trim the root even ly, pack In boxes and load on the wag on for removal to the washing house. The blanching boards should not be re moved till necessary, and the trimmed celery must not be allowed to lie ex posed to the sun or wind for any length of time. It is well also to have a piece of canvas to protect the celery while It Is on the wagon on the way to the washing house. In marketing from the trenches the process is prac tically the same as from the rows, ex cept that the celery Is already loosen ed from the soil and the roots can be removed more easily. Upon reaching the washing room the celery is placed upon a rack consisting of wooden slats over a large trough and subjected to a spray of cold water to cool it and to re move the adhering soil. After washing it Is allowed to drain ; then It is tied cbated celebt. in bunches of twelve or more plants each, according to the size, as shown In the cut. The bunch es are packed In a box for first grade celery and eight or nine for second and third grades. These boxes should be practically air tight, and a lining of paper should be placed In them be fore packing the celery, or each bunch should be wrapped separately. A com mon form of crate Is here figured for shipping celery in the rough. The Ball. No man can afford to head his herd tvlth a scrub bull. The blood Is an Im portant Item, though not the whole thing. Granted that you see the ad visability of a pure bred sire, the next question Is how to care for him. If you paid ?100 to $300 for a bull you fence. It Is as important to keep people out of the bull pen as It Is to keep the bull in. If possible, it is an excellent thing to give him a pasture If you can turn him out without having him run with the milkers. Often there is a pas ture for the calves or young stock Ifiat can be used. Keep him In good condi tion, but do not keep him fat enough for the show ring all the year round. It doesn't pay. Always give him kind treatment, but do not let him become fumlliar with you. Texas Farm Jour nal. Steer Feeding. The Pennsylvania Station has made lome Interesting experiments on the value of shelter for steers being fed. It was found that if the lots were kept dry, shelter was not always necessary. Shelter has very little effect upon the appetite of the animals, except in ex treme weather. In this climate it Is seldom that the weather Is too cold for steers on full feed outdoors, provided they are kept in dry quarters and out of stroug winds. It is very essential for fattening steers that they be well bedded. It Is decidedly advantageous that the yard be macadamized or given an im pervious coating of some kind to pre vent mud during spft weather. Wet bedding and muddy yards are more in jurious than extreme cold. The amount of feed required per pound of gala Is practically the same whether the steers are kept In a warm basement stable or outside. To Check Swarming. If the bees did not persist in dividing their forces so frequently, much more gin work In such small divisions, and ttis crowding Is one of the incentives' which creates the swarming fever. When producing extracted honey, abun dant room can be given, and the swarm' j Ing Impulse is greatly checked. There fore, If bees are to be kept far from the house, and cannot be given much at tention, it Is advisable to produce only extracted houey, which Is done by giv ing the bees large combs and plenty of room, tor it matters not whether the combs are entirely completed or not, as the honey Is taken from them and the combs retained to be need. Burning Oat Stump. . Tba following method of disposing of large stumps is very efficacious und labor-saving. Whether it would be ap plicable to small hardwood stumps I do not know, but it Is worth a trial. The principle is the same as In burn'.ng charcoal, and I presume would apply to any wood that would make charcoal. To clear land of large stumps, dig a fair-sized hole down by side of stump and build a fire of pieces of good tire wood, laid snugly against the stump. Gradually cover the tire with soil, and keep covered; If well started and kept covered by occasionally throwing more soli on where It Is likely to break out, the fire will continue burning until the whole of the stump Is burned into charcoal. On some of our large fir stumps, 10 or 12 feet across, the fire will burn two months or more, and fol low roots down 10 or 15 feet under ground. F. A. Hayes. . Farmers at a Discount. No one who has traveled In Europe and has observed even casually can have failed to note the superiority of agricultural processes there.- It is a shock to come home and scan our coun tryside with its abandoned fields, bramble-covered fences, weedy pasture lands and untended buildings. In the general hurry of America we have gone from one soli to another with our few crops, taking out and never giving back. We have no class of people who think It an honor to be farmers, or, If we have, the sense of nrlde Is lost after one gen eration. Sons and daughters are rest less to set off to the cities, where they can find enjoyments and privileges that country life does not afford. Even the gentleman farmer who "goes out from town to settle beside the real sons of the soil does not succeed in making it fashionable for them. Philadelphia Public Ledger. Care of Cow. Prices for milk, cream and butter are high, very high for the time of the year, and may go higher and continue high through the winter. This prospect should encourage farmers to do the best possible for their cows to keep up a good Sow of milk. Keeping the cows In the stable on cool nights and feeding to the most profitable point or llailt should be practiced. Do not undertake to winter more stock than con be well kept, as thire Is no profit In this. Use plenty of bed ding, so that the cows may be kept clean. Feed the best combination of grains, market cost considered, for the production of milk along with the well cured corn fodder, silage and good hay, advises American Cultivator. Regu larity in all of the work is also a nec essary condition for the best success., Holding Cotton at Home. I will tell you how I have done for thirty years here In Texas, says a writ er in Farm and Ranch. When in the fall I begin to pick I sell when the price suits me. Then when It gets low er by the rush of cotton on the market I place large rails or poles skinned dat on the ground three feet apart and place my cotton on them edgewise, not touching each other. After the trnt rain I change the bale on the other edge and continue this plan as late as May, waiting upon the market and sell ing when I get ready or am compelled to sell and not calling upon banker or I merchant or any other person. This i cotton, every bale, has kept perfectly sound, and not a pound is the least damaged. Root Pruning of Corn. Deep plowing among the . growing corn, after the roots, have met In the rows, may cause harm; "root pruning" Is a mistake ; to break the roots checks the growth and In hot, dry weather deep cultivation will surely cause the corn to curl, showing Injury, while shallow working will keep it fresh and green. As soon as a crust is formed on the soU.lt should be broken up, to ad mit both moisture and air, for the one dissolves the fertilizing matter which Is In the soil: and the other affects .ts decomposition and renders It soluble. So that, after a rain which has crusted the surface, the cultivator should be started as soon as the soil Is ?ry enough. This tends to hold the mois ture and prevents its speedy evapora tion. Implement and Machine. With the great scarcity of help tht farmer finds It necessary to supply 'he i deficiency so far as possible by the use of the best implements and machiues. j It costs a goou ueai ou lue average ; sized farm to get supplied with these, I und they should be made the best use of and then well cleaned and housed. Eradication of Prickly Pear. -." The eovernment of Queensland, Aus tralia, has decided to offer a reward of 10.000 (approximately $50,000) for the eradication of prickly pears In the State. ; Farm Note. Sunlight doesn't cost anything, so have plenty of it In the cow stables. Cull close when selecting the stock for the breeding pen for use next sea son. Don't mix wood ashes with the ma nure as it will cause loss of the am monia or nitrogen. , Ventilation U a good thing, but don't trust to the broken window and the cracks in the wall and around the doors and windows to supply the fresh air. Keep read up on poultry matters. Oet new ideas and use them judiciously. It is the man who has the genius of adapting an Idea In a practical wo ta ' hu own needs who succeed. 1 SAYS ERRORS IN NAVY UNFIT IT FOR BATTLE ' Expert Declares the Boasteo Fight ing Ships Are Merely Death Traps. ARMOR BELT , IS TOO LOW. Defects In . Construction Pointed Out and Promotion System Is Scored, Ilenry Reuterdahl, associate of the United States Naval Institute and American editor of "Fighting Ships," Is the author of a startling article on j "The Needs of Our Navy" In the Jan J uary McClure's. Mr. Reuterdahl's ex pertness on naval matters Is not dis puted and neither Is his patriotism. He agrees with President Roosevelt that a navy must be built "and all its training given In time of peace" and i with this in view be exposes defects 1 In our first-class battle ships and ar mored cruisers which all but make ! them useless as a efficient units In a i fleet on heavy sea and in real action. Mr. Reuterdahl's criticisms appear to be the more amazing on account of the contention that most, If not all of the weak points he emphasizes, will be acknowledged by sea going officers, "or, , If the reader is sufficiently interested, by the testimony of bis own eyes." His principal points are the follow ing: That the shell-proof armor of the American battle ships Is virtually be low the water line where It will do no good, leaving the broad side of the ves sel exposed to the shells of the enemy. That this defect has been pointed A BLOT ON THE out time and again ; that other nations years ago recognized It as fatal and now have armor wrapped, oaround the 6ldes of their war vessels from five to seven feet above the water line. That, despite repeated accidents on board our ships, the Navy Department year after year has approved of plans by which the greatest guns on the ships are directly above an open shaft leading to the powder magazine. That other natlonslong since recog nized the criminal stupidity of thus en dangering the lives of officers and men and have remedied the defect by use of common sense and ordinary precau tionary measures. That, without regard to the protests of experts, pur battle ships have been built so low that If the sea Is heavy and ships are In action, the sea would wash over the vessels, render some ot their most effective guns useless and practically leave the ship to the mercy of the enemy. The officers In the American navy who command the battle ships and squadrons are too old ; that under ex isting conditions young men cannot at tain command, and that the service ts badly crippled as a result ; That there is too much "bureau man agement" In Washington;, too much red tape In the Navy Department; that American genius is stifled because of the bureau's Immersion In details, and that with the Secretary of the Navy a civilian, be should have a board of expert advisers. -. Other matters are dwelt on, but the foregoing are by far the most Impor tant An afternoon's fight on water sealed Russia's fate In the recent war with Japan, says Mr. Reuterdahl. and the same may well be true of the next war Into which this nation Is plunged. The Issue Is so Important and the stake so tremendous - that the sea power which Is prepared Id every respect to meet the crisis will be the victor. Moensterbera; on Charity. Prof. Emil Muensterberg, head of the public charities of Berlin, was the prin cipal speaker at the celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the New York Charity Organization Society at Carnegie Hall recently, along with Mayor M Clellan, Gov. Hughes and others. Prof. Muensterberg said that charity work had to be undertaken now In "the twilight of widespread egotism and selfisnness," but that the work had changed from a purely philanthropic to a social conception. He finds that private ehsrity docs la tills country the work done by the government b Germany, it ' yuumaa HMaAMBlftfcaMaWiiMBBBBnaSSBnVBBBBBBBBn " k DISASTROUS KU.e' ACCI- DENTS IN RECENT TEAES1 ' Lives lort '.'J! 1S94 Albion colliery, South Wales. 2S0 1!02 Fratervilie, Tenn. Loot' 1002 Rolling Mill mine, Pennsyl- ' vanla .............. ;.ttlS 1903 Hanna, Wyoming 171 A 1D04 Lackawanna mine, Pennsyl- Vl vania JO. UCJ Tercio, California 1 U-05- Virginia City, Ala 152 ., 1905 Ziegier, 111 ; , Wf, 1905 Welsh coal ihme 120 1 1905 Diamondville, Wyoming .... 13 i 190" Kurtsisk, Russia ,.. S0 : 190 j M., K. & T. Coal Company.. 13 i" 1905 Princeton, Ind. 1905 Coal mine in Prussia 1905 Wilcox. W. Vi ". -s- "' .. S3 .. 21 23 .. 13 .. 23 1906 Bluefields, W. ,Va. ......... . 1900 Johnstown, Pa 1900 Century, W. Va.... 1906--Durham, England 1906 Dutchman mine, Blossburg, N. M 13 1900 Courriere mine, near Calais, France I.CJO 1906 Japan 250 1906 Oakhiil, W. Va . . . , ..... 2H 1906 West Fork, Va........ 190(5 Quarto, Colo. 1907 Saarlus, Prussia I'M" Primero, Colo 1907 Fayetteville, W. Va 'A 20 M 1907 Saarbruck, Prussia 200 1907 Las Esperanzas, Mexico...,. 123 1907 Forbach, Germany ,,. .v... 73 1907 Monongahela, Pa. .......... 80 1907 Toyoka, Japan 470 1907 Tsing Tau, China 112 1907 Negaunce, Mich. . . , , , . 17 1907 Monongah, W. Va 398 1007 Yolande, Ala. ., 81 FARMING IN A DESERT. There Are Colonizing Possibilities Even in Death Valley. The craze of "homestaklng" which Is seems to have reached Its limit in the choice of Death Valley as a colonizing possibility. Witli the Idea of trans forming the most arid and most deso late portion of the great American des ert Into farm land, a number of tracts have .been houiesfnked, irrigation sys. tems have been planned, and othet preparations are now In progress for beginning the reclamation of Death, LAST CHAPTER. Valley. A rallnoad is already buJl! ., of the valley, to the borax works owrKxi. by the celebrated "Borax" Smith of 20 uiule team fame, a ud there Is an auto mobile stage line through the valley. piping water from Telescope Peak across the Funeral range Into the valt ley Is also under consideration. Ti)3 New Money is suffering from bad circulation. An Aurora (111.) physician has discov ered that peanuts are a beauty diet. This ought to be a circus for some people. An Eastern banker says, "We want more common sense." We want also more dollars, which are not so common now. If prices of bread and meat keenon wuiiuk uvv u, iH-riLV Noon T n A arorarrtt man can afford to eat three meals a day. Chief Sprybuck, the Indian who drank a quart of blue paint, is carrying the "decorative interior" fad to an extreme. With 1,300,000 divorce suits in ten years, the United States is plainly in need of a national "Stay-Married Association." , After a while it may dawn on the. army recruiters that the average soldier doesn't look upon a month as any great graft Pennsylvania miser who spent only 3 cents last year is dead. , He just couldn't bear the Increase in living expenses. Secretary Cortelyou is trying to im piess us with the fact that stockings were made to be worn and not to hoard money In. . - ' - ... .. uaiucn uui oajo me r&iiroaos neea billions of dollars. From present pros- ' pects, it" will be some time before they get 'em. An Italian. count one American heiress married turned out to be an ex-convict Some of the other counts haven't yet been convicted. .To Produce SoclalUtle Pla.ya., ' The Socialist Stage Society of New . Tork City has for its object the produc tion of plays in which socialism is the keynote. Its manager, Mr. Hopp, aays that when the society is in good running order it will be able to assure a manager an audience of 5,000 at the start for a satisfactory play. In the -neantbn It -O I ll y , .. L.t-- iV r . 1 tar a'.rr r Ok intends to produce Its own pl&ys, .wulva it Is claimed can be done for a Tetj smXk : actual rah utloj. j" "