6CIENTIFI0 STUDY OP BEAUTS.
Man' Intellectual Superiority E
plalaad by Dr. Edward Spttaor.
work that scientists la all parti
of the civilized world hare been await
1&S with eagerness has Just been Issued
under the Imprint of the American
Philosophical Society of Philadelphia.
It Is a study of brains, by Dr. Ed
ward Anthony Spltzka, professor ol
general anatomy In Jefferson Medical
College, formerly demonstrator ol
. anatomy In Columbia University, and
an authority of world-wide recognltlos
upon scientific study of the brain.
Omitting the scientific terminology,
some of the most Important of Dr.
Spltzka's statements may be thus ex
pressed :
The white matter of the callosum, 01
band connecting the hemispheres of thi
cerebrum, in groat measure determine)
the quality of human Intellect Thi
cerebrum Is that portion of the brain
which lies In front of the skull, and li
generally accepted as the seat of the
mind. Heretofore the quantity of thi
gray matter of the brain was supposed
to determine the fineness and useful
ness of the brain.
The fibers of the callosum are tbi
telephone wires connecting and asso
ciating the brain centers. Disease ot
Injury in those Is attended by profound
weak-mindedness or downright Idiocy.
Contrast of the brain of Dr. Joseph
Letdy with that of Prof. E. D. Cope
shows that it is possible not only to dif
ferentiate between the learned and the
Awnote
Iguorunt, but that austrutie reasoning
produces one kind of a brain, while ol
servatlou and concrete philosophy pro
duces another form.
Such abnormalities as left-handed-ness,
pnrtlul deafness and defects of
vision leave their indelible Imprints
upon the bralu.
The brains of various kinds of think
ers show specialized developments ;
thus musicians' brains are richly eon
voluted In the
auditory association
area.
The average weight of the brain of
nn adult male Is 1,41)0 grammes. The
average weight of a woman's brain la
1.2(H) grammes. The bralu of Cuvler,
the naturalist, weighed 1,830 grammes,
that of Turgoiiev, the novelist, 2,013
grammes, and that of Daniel Webster,
1,807 grammes.
Sinullness of the occipital arc
(the
curvature at the back of the bead) sig
nifies superiority of brain development
This measurement In centesslmnls, the
metric divisors of a 00-degree arc are
as follows:
Average inn 20.8
k ........... n...i..,.n 01 T
. ' 'l
Chimpanzee 24.2
Concerning the question of weight,
Dr. Spitzka says:
"The fruitful Investigations of many
anatomists have resulted hi the tabu
lation of thousands of brain weights
drawn from all the social and intel
lectual classes, among which more than
100 are of mcu of lutellectuul emi
nence. "Men of the kind who never remain
steadily employed and who usually
fail to even learn a trade stand lowest
In the scale. Above them come the me
chanics and trade workers, the clerks,
the ordinary business men and common
school teachers.
"Highest of nil wo find men of de-
elded mental abilities; the geniuses of
tho pencil, brush and sculptor's chisel,
the mathematicians, scholars and
statesmen.'
lean.
-Philadelphia North Anier
Stuck to 111 Word.
"Of course Duhley's married. Didn't
you know that?" i
"No. Why, he said he wouldu't mar.
ry the best womuu ou earth "
"Yes, and he kept his word." Phil
dolphin Press.
FUk With Four Eye,
Fishes have been discovered In Guat
nnala wlh two pairs of eyes. One pair
does duty above water and the other
below, the fish thus being able to see
equally well in two elemeuts.
Putting Hint Next,
"rapa, what Is a hardship?"
"An armored cruiser, son," Houston
Post
Nature seldom stores a lot of brains
behind a pretty face.
THEVEEKIY
J.
1183 Llewellyn, the last Welsh Princi
of Wales, killed at Llandewyer.
1014 The Dutch erected a blockhouse
near the present site of Albany,
N. Y.
1020 Pilgrim fathers landed at Ply
month Rock.
16-12 New Zealand discovered by Tas-
man.
1053 Meeting of the first General As
sembly of the people of New York
1009 .Swedes defeated the Muscovites at
Narva.
1738 First bank post bills issued In Eng
land.
1775 America Coneress determined to
build a navy of thirteen frigates.
1770 Continental Congress adjourned to
Baltimore, on the approach of th
British.
1778 John Jay of New York elected
president of Congress.
1781 The British evacuated Charleston.
1780 Sierra Leone founded as an asy
lum for destitute negroes from the
United States and West Indies.
1705 Charles Lee of Virginia became
Attorney Generul of the United
States.
1708 King of Sardinia abdicated.
1811 American ship Essex captured;
British packet Nocton, with $35,000
on board.
1813 Burning of Niagara at the In
stance of the American forces.
1816 Indiana admitted into the Union
as the nineteenth State. . . .First sav
ings bank in fffe United States open
ed in Boston.
1817 Mississippi admitted Into the
Union as the twentieth State.
1824 Peruvians achieved independence
by defeating the Spaniards at Aya
cucho. 1830 National Republican party, at
Baltimore, nominated Henry Clay
for President.
J833 Jamaica abolished slavery.
1S3S "Atlierton Gag" law passed by the
House of Representatives.
1844 Bill for
the annexation of Texas
Introduced In both houses of Con- ( naturally want to give him such care
gress. oh to keep him in his prime as long as
1845 British war against the Sikhs be-j possible. It Is best to have a stall or
gan. Ended with annexation of the 6hed for the bull where he will be sop
Punjaub In 1849. arated from the herd. Give him a yard
1848 Louis Napoleon elected President large enough so that the confinement
of the French. J will not be too severe, and be sure to
1850 Many killed and injured in boiler have his yard surrounded by a bull
explosion on steamer Anglo-Norman
at New Orleans.
1859 Victoria bridge, Montreal, opened.
UiUO Lewis Cass of Michigan resigned
as Secretary of State.
1861 The Prince Consort, husband of
Queen Victoria, died. .. .Large sec
tion of Charleston, S. C, destroyed
by fire.
' 1S62 Gen. Burnside repulsed at battle of
Fredericksburg.
1806 Oaks colliery disaster in England,
I with loss of 300 lives.
1808 House of Representatives an
nounced its purpose to pay tuny tue
national debt.
1871 Alarming illness of the Prince of
Wales, now King Edward VII.
1 1870 Wade Hampton declared Governor
of South Carolina.
1877 Osmnn Pasha surrendered with
his entire army,
188!) Congress commemorated the cen
tenary of the Inauguration of Presi
dent Washington.
1800 North Albania reported to be In
a state of sanguinary anarchy.
1805 William O. Bradley inaugurated
ss first Republican Governor of Ken
tucky. 1807 Strike of cotton mill operatives
at Atlanta, Ga.
Sea Teat of Gyroacope.
The claim made some time ago thaj
steadiness might be imparted to ships at
sen In heavy weather by means of a gyro
scope was received with some incredulity
by practical mariners. Recent dispatch
en from London, however, indicate that
the matter lias been nut to a thorough
test, with most gratifying results. The
experiments were made In the North Sea,
oCt Tynemouth, under the direction of Dr.
Sililick, the Inventor. The vessel used
was a boat of the torpedo class, the See
bar, 110 feet long. The water during.
me mree uays oi die test was sucti as to
cause considerable rolling of vessels of "urplus honey could be obtained, and
even greater dimensions. The effect of tn beekeeper himself would feel more
the gyroscope was most remarkable. Msy about his bees. In producing comb
While the vessel heaved up and down honey in 1-pouud boxes, It is necessary
with the waves, the d-ck remained almost ' to actually crowd the bees Into the sec
horuontal. It is said that arrangements ! Uou boXeS( for they seem loath to oe-
are being made to install the apparatus
oa several commercial lines.
Bell' Aeroplane Fllea.
According to reports from Baddeck, C
P.- the tetrahedral kite Cjirnet invented
V Fro'- Alexander Graham Bell, made a
successful sseeut on December 6. While
it Is intended to have the kite, or aero-
I plaue, propelled by a motor, this motor
i had not been supplied ; therefore the ma
chine was mounted on platform floating
on the water of a small lake, and was
taken In tow by a steam launch. As the
speed of the launch Increased the appa
ratus left the platform and soon soared
to a considerable height
hipping Calery,
During the early part of the season
the packing of celery Is done entirely
from the rows where the; crop
Is
grown, later from the
trenches and after
ward from the store
house, writes W. R.
Beattie. In preparing
celery for market from
the rows where grown
It Is not necessary to
remove the entire root celebt bunch,
from the earth, but It may be cut off
Just below the surface of the soil by
means of a stiff knife. Remove the
outside leaves and trim the root even
ly, pack In boxes and load on the wag
on for removal to the washing house.
The blanching boards should not be re
moved till necessary, and the trimmed
celery must not be allowed to lie ex
posed to the sun or wind for any
length of time. It is well also to have
a piece of canvas to protect the celery
while It Is on the wagon on the way
to the washing house. In marketing
from the trenches the process is prac
tically the same as from the rows, ex
cept that the celery Is already loosen
ed from the soil and the roots can be
removed more easily.
Upon reaching the washing room the
celery is placed upon a rack consisting
of wooden slats over a large trough
and subjected to a
spray of cold water
to cool it and to re
move the adhering
soil. After washing
it Is allowed to
drain ; then It is tied
cbated celebt. in bunches of twelve
or more plants each, according to the
size, as shown In the cut. The bunch
es are packed In a box for first grade
celery and eight or nine for second
and third grades. These boxes should
be practically air tight, and a lining
of paper should be placed In them be
fore packing the celery, or each bunch
should be wrapped separately. A com
mon form of crate Is here figured for
shipping celery in the rough.
The Ball.
No man can afford to head his herd
tvlth a scrub bull. The blood Is an Im
portant Item, though not the whole
thing. Granted that you see the ad
visability of a pure bred sire, the next
question Is how to care for him. If
you paid ?100 to $300 for a bull you
fence. It Is as important to keep people
out of the bull pen as It Is to keep the
bull in. If possible, it is an excellent
thing to give him a pasture If you can
turn him out without having him run
with the milkers. Often there is a pas
ture for the calves or young stock Ifiat
can be used. Keep him In good condi
tion, but do not keep him fat enough
for the show ring all the year round.
It doesn't pay. Always give him kind
treatment, but do not let him become
fumlliar with you. Texas Farm Jour
nal. Steer Feeding.
The Pennsylvania Station has made
lome Interesting experiments on the
value of shelter for steers being fed.
It was found that if the lots were kept
dry, shelter was not always necessary.
Shelter has very little effect upon the
appetite of the animals, except in ex
treme weather.
In this climate it Is seldom that the
weather Is too cold for steers on full
feed outdoors, provided they are kept
in dry quarters and out of stroug
winds.
It is very essential for fattening
steers that they be well bedded.
It Is decidedly advantageous that the
yard be macadamized or given an im
pervious coating of some kind to pre
vent mud during spft weather. Wet
bedding and muddy yards are more in
jurious than extreme cold.
The amount of feed required per
pound of gala Is practically the same
whether the steers are kept In a warm
basement stable or outside.
To Check Swarming.
If the bees did not persist in dividing
their forces so frequently, much more
gin work In such small divisions, and
ttis crowding Is one of the incentives'
which creates the swarming fever.
When producing extracted honey, abun
dant room can be given, and the swarm'
j Ing Impulse is greatly checked. There
fore, If bees are to be kept far from
the house, and cannot be given much at
tention, it Is advisable to produce only
extracted houey, which Is done by giv
ing the bees large combs and plenty of
room, tor it matters not whether the
combs are entirely completed or not, as
the honey Is taken from them and the
combs retained to be need.
Burning Oat Stump.
. Tba following method of disposing of
large stumps is very efficacious und
labor-saving. Whether it would be ap
plicable to small hardwood stumps I
do not know, but it Is worth a trial.
The principle is the same as In burn'.ng
charcoal, and I presume would apply
to any wood that would make charcoal.
To clear land of large stumps, dig a
fair-sized hole down by side of stump
and build a fire of pieces of good tire
wood, laid snugly against the stump.
Gradually cover the tire with soil, and
keep covered; If well started and kept
covered by occasionally throwing more
soli on where It Is likely to break out,
the fire will continue burning until
the whole of the stump Is burned into
charcoal. On some of our large fir
stumps, 10 or 12 feet across, the fire
will burn two months or more, and fol
low roots down 10 or 15 feet under
ground. F. A. Hayes. .
Farmers at a Discount.
No one who has traveled In Europe
and has observed even casually can
have failed to note the superiority of
agricultural processes there.- It is a
shock to come home and scan our coun
tryside with its abandoned fields, bramble-covered
fences, weedy pasture lands
and untended buildings. In the general
hurry of America we have gone from
one soli to another with our few crops,
taking out and never giving back. We
have no class of people who think It
an honor to be farmers, or, If we have,
the sense of nrlde Is lost after one gen
eration. Sons and daughters are rest
less to set off to the cities, where they
can find enjoyments and privileges that
country life does not afford. Even the
gentleman farmer who "goes out from
town to settle beside the real sons of
the soil does not succeed in making it
fashionable for them. Philadelphia
Public Ledger.
Care of Cow.
Prices for milk, cream and butter are
high, very high for the time of the year,
and may go higher and continue high
through the winter. This prospect
should encourage farmers to do the
best possible for their cows to keep up
a good Sow of milk. Keeping the cows
In the stable on cool nights and feeding
to the most profitable point or llailt
should be practiced.
Do not undertake to winter more
stock than con be well kept, as thire
Is no profit In this. Use plenty of bed
ding, so that the cows may be kept
clean. Feed the best combination of
grains, market cost considered, for the
production of milk along with the well
cured corn fodder, silage and good hay,
advises American Cultivator. Regu
larity in all of the work is also a nec
essary condition for the best success.,
Holding Cotton at Home.
I will tell you how I have done for
thirty years here In Texas, says a writ
er in Farm and Ranch. When in the
fall I begin to pick I sell when the
price suits me. Then when It gets low
er by the rush of cotton on the market
I place large rails or poles skinned dat
on the ground three feet apart and
place my cotton on them edgewise, not
touching each other. After the trnt
rain I change the bale on the other
edge and continue this plan as late as
May, waiting upon the market and sell
ing when I get ready or am compelled
to sell and not calling upon banker or I
merchant or any other person. This i
cotton, every bale, has kept perfectly
sound, and not a pound is the least
damaged.
Root Pruning of Corn.
Deep plowing among the . growing
corn, after the roots, have met In the
rows, may cause harm; "root pruning"
Is a mistake ; to break the roots checks
the growth and In hot, dry weather
deep cultivation will surely cause the
corn to curl, showing Injury, while
shallow working will keep it fresh and
green. As soon as a crust is formed on
the soU.lt should be broken up, to ad
mit both moisture and air, for the one
dissolves the fertilizing matter which
Is In the soil: and the other affects .ts
decomposition and renders It soluble.
So that, after a rain which has crusted
the surface, the cultivator should be
started as soon as the soil Is ?ry
enough. This tends to hold the mois
ture and prevents its speedy evapora
tion. Implement and Machine.
With the great scarcity of help tht
farmer finds It necessary to supply 'he i
deficiency so far as possible by the use
of the best implements and machiues. j
It costs a goou ueai ou lue average ;
sized farm to get supplied with these, I
und they should be made the best use
of and then well cleaned and housed.
Eradication of Prickly Pear. -."
The eovernment of Queensland, Aus
tralia, has decided to offer a reward
of 10.000 (approximately $50,000) for
the eradication of prickly pears In the
State. ;
Farm Note.
Sunlight doesn't cost anything, so
have plenty of it In the cow stables.
Cull close when selecting the stock
for the breeding pen for use next sea
son. Don't mix wood ashes with the ma
nure as it will cause loss of the am
monia or nitrogen. ,
Ventilation U a good thing, but don't
trust to the broken window and the
cracks in the wall and around the
doors and windows to supply the fresh
air.
Keep read up on poultry matters. Oet
new ideas and use them judiciously.
It is the man who has the genius of
adapting an Idea In a practical wo ta '
hu own needs who succeed.
1
SAYS ERRORS IN NAVY
UNFIT IT FOR BATTLE
' Expert Declares the Boasteo Fight
ing Ships Are Merely Death
Traps.
ARMOR BELT , IS TOO LOW.
Defects In . Construction Pointed
Out and Promotion System
Is Scored,
Ilenry Reuterdahl, associate of the
United States Naval Institute and
American editor of "Fighting Ships,"
Is the author of a startling article on
j "The Needs of Our Navy" In the Jan
J uary McClure's. Mr. Reuterdahl's ex
pertness on naval matters Is not dis
puted and neither Is his patriotism.
He agrees with President Roosevelt
that a navy must be built "and all its
training given In time of peace" and
i with this in view be exposes defects
1 In our first-class battle ships and ar
mored cruisers which all but make
! them useless as a efficient units In a
i fleet on heavy sea and in real action.
Mr. Reuterdahl's criticisms appear
to be the more amazing on account of
the contention that most, If not all of
the weak points he emphasizes, will be
acknowledged by sea going officers, "or,
, If the reader is sufficiently interested,
by the testimony of bis own eyes."
His principal points are the follow
ing: That the shell-proof armor of the
American battle ships Is virtually be
low the water line where It will do no
good, leaving the broad side of the ves
sel exposed to the shells of the enemy.
That this defect has been pointed
A BLOT ON THE
out time and again ; that other nations
years ago recognized It as fatal and
now have armor wrapped, oaround the
6ldes of their war vessels from five to
seven feet above the water line.
That, despite repeated accidents on
board our ships, the Navy Department
year after year has approved of plans
by which the greatest guns on the
ships are directly above an open shaft
leading to the powder magazine.
That other natlonslong since recog
nized the criminal stupidity of thus en
dangering the lives of officers and men
and have remedied the defect by use
of common sense and ordinary precau
tionary measures.
That, without regard to the protests
of experts, pur battle ships have been
built so low that If the sea Is heavy
and ships are In action, the sea would
wash over the vessels, render some ot
their most effective guns useless and
practically leave the ship to the mercy
of the enemy.
The officers In the American navy
who command the battle ships and
squadrons are too old ; that under ex
isting conditions young men cannot at
tain command, and that the service ts
badly crippled as a result ;
That there is too much "bureau man
agement" In Washington;, too much
red tape In the Navy Department;
that American genius is stifled because
of the bureau's Immersion In details,
and that with the Secretary of the
Navy a civilian, be should have a
board of expert advisers. -.
Other matters are dwelt on, but the
foregoing are by far the most Impor
tant An afternoon's fight on water
sealed Russia's fate In the recent war
with Japan, says Mr. Reuterdahl. and
the same may well be true of the next
war Into which this nation Is plunged.
The Issue Is so Important and the stake
so tremendous - that the sea power
which Is prepared Id every respect to
meet the crisis will be the victor.
Moensterbera; on Charity.
Prof. Emil Muensterberg, head of the
public charities of Berlin, was the prin
cipal speaker at the celebration of the
twenty-fifth anniversary of the New York
Charity Organization Society at Carnegie
Hall recently, along with Mayor M
Clellan, Gov. Hughes and others. Prof.
Muensterberg said that charity work had
to be undertaken now In "the twilight of
widespread egotism and selfisnness," but
that the work had changed from a purely
philanthropic to a social conception. He
finds that private ehsrity docs la tills
country the work done by the government
b Germany,
it ' yuumaa
HMaAMBlftfcaMaWiiMBBBBnaSSBnVBBBBBBBBn
" k
DISASTROUS KU.e' ACCI-
DENTS IN RECENT TEAES1 '
Lives lort '.'J!
1S94 Albion colliery, South Wales. 2S0
1!02 Fratervilie, Tenn. Loot'
1002 Rolling Mill mine, Pennsyl- '
vanla .............. ;.ttlS
1903 Hanna, Wyoming 171 A
1D04 Lackawanna mine, Pennsyl- Vl
vania JO.
UCJ Tercio, California 1
U-05- Virginia City, Ala 152 .,
1905 Ziegier, 111 ; , Wf,
1905 Welsh coal ihme 120 1
1905 Diamondville, Wyoming .... 13 i
190" Kurtsisk, Russia ,.. S0 :
190 j M., K. & T. Coal Company.. 13 i"
1905 Princeton, Ind.
1905 Coal mine in Prussia
1905 Wilcox. W. Vi
". -s- "'
.. S3
.. 21
23
.. 13
.. 23
1906 Bluefields, W. ,Va. ......... .
1900 Johnstown, Pa
1900 Century, W. Va....
1906--Durham, England
1906 Dutchman mine, Blossburg,
N. M
13
1900 Courriere mine, near Calais,
France I.CJO
1906 Japan 250
1906 Oakhiil, W. Va . . . , ..... 2H
1906 West Fork, Va........
190(5 Quarto, Colo.
1907 Saarlus, Prussia
I'M" Primero, Colo
1907 Fayetteville, W. Va
'A
20
M
1907 Saarbruck, Prussia 200
1907 Las Esperanzas, Mexico...,. 123
1907 Forbach, Germany ,,. .v... 73
1907 Monongahela, Pa. .......... 80
1907 Toyoka, Japan 470
1907 Tsing Tau, China 112
1907 Negaunce, Mich. . . , , , . 17
1907 Monongah, W. Va 398
1007 Yolande, Ala. ., 81
FARMING IN A DESERT.
There Are Colonizing Possibilities
Even in Death Valley.
The craze of "homestaklng" which Is
seems to have reached Its limit in the
choice of Death Valley as a colonizing
possibility. Witli the Idea of trans
forming the most arid and most deso
late portion of the great American des
ert Into farm land, a number of tracts
have .been houiesfnked, irrigation sys.
tems have been planned, and othet
preparations are now In progress for
beginning the reclamation of Death,
LAST CHAPTER.
Valley. A rallnoad is already buJl! .,
of the valley, to the borax works owrKxi.
by the celebrated "Borax" Smith of 20
uiule team fame, a ud there Is an auto
mobile stage line through the valley.
piping water from Telescope Peak
across the Funeral range Into the valt
ley Is also under consideration.
Ti)3 New
Money is suffering from bad circulation.
An Aurora (111.) physician has discov
ered that peanuts are a beauty diet. This
ought to be a circus for some people.
An Eastern banker says, "We want
more common sense." We want also more
dollars, which are not so common now.
If prices of bread and meat keenon
wuiiuk uvv u, iH-riLV Noon T n A arorarrtt
man can afford to eat three meals a day.
Chief Sprybuck, the Indian who drank
a quart of blue paint, is carrying the
"decorative interior" fad to an extreme.
With 1,300,000 divorce suits in ten
years, the United States is plainly in need
of a national "Stay-Married Association."
, After a while it may dawn on the. army
recruiters that the average soldier doesn't
look upon a month as any great graft
Pennsylvania miser who spent only 3
cents last year is dead. , He just couldn't
bear the Increase in living expenses.
Secretary Cortelyou is trying to im
piess us with the fact that stockings were
made to be worn and not to hoard money
In. . - ' - ... ..
uaiucn uui oajo me r&iiroaos neea
billions of dollars. From present pros- '
pects, it" will be some time before they
get 'em.
An Italian. count one American heiress
married turned out to be an ex-convict
Some of the other counts haven't yet been
convicted.
.To Produce SoclalUtle Pla.ya., '
The Socialist Stage Society of New .
Tork City has for its object the produc
tion of plays in which socialism is the
keynote. Its manager, Mr. Hopp, aays
that when the society is in good running
order it will be able to assure a manager
an audience of 5,000 at the start for a
satisfactory play. In the -neantbn It
-O I ll y , .. L.t-- iV r . 1
tar a'.rr
r
Ok
intends to produce Its own pl&ys, .wulva
it Is claimed can be done for a Tetj smXk :
actual rah utloj. j" "