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About Oregon City enterprise. (Oregon City, Or.) 1871-188? | View Entire Issue (Dec. 11, 1874)
o o 0RE60 CITY ENTERPRISE. - . President's Message. TO THE .SKXATH AXI Holsi: OK Rr.l'UlKNTAT!V- Since the ciiivniiin "1' Cngross. one year ago. tile' nation has under-,-.ne a prostration in business-a-il industries siifh us has n..t la-en witnessed with J is for manv vears. Speculation as to cause lor tl'is or.strat.Ln lu'.irnt nc inouiven m nmiuui i - f .. ns. ils manv theories wfrtllel 1C advanced is tlnr.i e-.-n!il he indt-lH-ud-.-l.t writers those WfiO l th..ir.iuii views without borrowing upon the subject. Without indulgiinr in theories as to tiiecuuse of this prosi-ati-.u. I then-lore y. .11 cUl your attention only to lions as to v hfc-ii it 'i trie n.ci. uii-i i --"v-. . i.uid veiiOIK'rc : dLsagreenieiit. HOTlt l-r.!t ANIi During this pr.stra:l m ;tai. in i"V cloyed. i m.. cs-ciitial elements I r.rosiM'rit v have been m t uMlTKiaill laoor ui.il ...r.ir.il "Hotli have b?cli ! a rsjel y u n e m ii o yea i.up.k ..f-nritv L:lS bct-ll 111 luii'.ted. capital l-.js ri.r.u'ii.l"l at very modi rate rats. urioje h.bor has been wan'.e.i. :l ice occ.. , "T. V , h dance, at cheap rate- compared with tno-e at v-h eh theneee-Miri,-' a:L lew tons,, f Pie could be pur chased with th--wag. demanded. Two ffnat e-mcnt-sof jfrcsp.-rity. therefore, have not been Uv liied us. A third might bo lidded: AN r.I.I.MKNT Tii AT 1-NT IMF.. ; Oar soil and clhnutc are uye;uailed within limit- of i,:iv coi,ti-:"iis territory under one ; -:.. .'. :.ri .1-.- of t.rodtU'H t-- feed H eh. the a i.eo..l.-. and in th amount ot surplu.- H'Ure to t'e'd less favored ! l.le : theretore v-1 these facts in vicwrit hviu ship that tliis session or igrier;n;r tii'- ia-t vyl dt channels the-.e greuf'cleine! - I j ine wise SMtem-i i 11 rev.-, would ! -itiutin-4 in the pr. :l.- of prir-jx-rity to people. lit!. 1 i !.... The lcM abroad i . the only iT'iiictit t.iat can. with alwavs a .v. and ciiricii.-y. eiiter into our a:lii;rs to cause liny Continued Ueprcs.-i--.il ill the industries or j.rosjH-ritv. A givid conflict for iiatio:u:l exist ence made "iiece.--ary f it temporary purposes the raising a Luge Mini oi "money trm whatever source attainable, it was made necessary in the wisdom of Congress, and 1 do not do..!.t their w isdom in the premises n-iiarding the iii-ei-sUit-of the timei, to devise a sy.-tein ot proved to he Mtipo .-:) ifTrer;cv which it !e to kecT on a par s ith the recomed e;irr- :n v ot tl. i-. i:ized world, lliia hcol a ).irit of p.--i.l-iiio gaui-u and in i: i - ii'-i r. or pro.-erity a peop'e. rectlv and iiidir.-. tly. f n i i n vol villi.' f.ti extrava juired t'r tiie !iappine-s ,:!;d involving. i.:ii di iii'ie,tcduess. The currency i-ii.j ot rm-tM unsafe to le.ld for le'itim t : 1 1 r value, proved t- !o ! transactions ret-uirin; je. tot spi-cuiatioii in it ni'ever. have involved us money, tin 1 t.ee.-.me a .-uhj self. Tietwo cause1--, ho ill 11 fureiell illile'.tedlie-s 1 it:a te! in xxl taitii bv horrov. er and leu.ie wl.i'li -lu.uld be pall in coin and r.(eord:uu' t the 1 . n. I agreed upon wlieti tlie'del.t v. as Coi, 'J lie ;oo-l 1 u'tli of lated towards t: ii t i d or its eiiiuvah-n kviiiai'-sit cannot be vio--- -inho'i! national dis siii.iil l be encouraged, tl carry iui; capacity in iu.it I'.'r products of tiie di prace. Our onine-pe-Aiat-rii-t'.i -liip huii-liii-' crea-ed. iv.reiijii inarl;. soil uiid m.-inii!ae;iiri s. t tie- end tnal we may ue nl!e to j.ay tl.c-e d -'.t-. H I. for the sale of th- proiim ts. r the matmtactoi y. a ti. u utilizing our idle i ..pit..! an tage of tiie whole pe ;. t market is created . i;her of the soil, mine me:i:is is iliscovered L-f 1 h.bor the ndvan- Tin: t l But. in inv in l-'iuent. tiie i.NC V. tirst step towards ac ecure a currency lis. one which if one people will f-omplishin this ot.je.-t. eod lnrever civiiiati i f on ii it Imi..iii.-s v-nperji.uiidant with tind a market with -one-other ; a currency which has as its t.n-is the Ia! which will rive us idue. the recognized iuedi;i:n- iic'-es.-arv to produce it. -. . old and silver are now - of cxclrmjiL' the civilized v.e -hou'.d ri-turn with the woil-l over, and to tin least praeticHb!.- del:' y American ' '.!-.'rr- w ! S'.'st.lll Wlis iidol.ted , m vice.' oi the pledges ot tl,e ii-n our pre--r:t lei;al t'-nder and our tlebt contracted. '1 here should be no delay, certainly no unncccssary dclay. in tixiu: by l.-ni dati-.n a melhod t.y whi.-h we will return to specie. To the ai-i ompli.-limt iit of this end I invite yur special attention. I believe liiniiy thiit tllL-ie can he no pro-Tou- and permanent revival of business hud industries until a policy i- adopted, with lepis- , lation to carry it out. lookini; t-i a return to a Fpeeie basis. It is easy to -oiiccive that the debtor atld t-peeulative ( inI s may think it of value to make a Nit-ailed money abundant until they can throw n i iHirtion of their burdens upon others; but even these. I believe, would be di-appointed in there suit, if a course should be puru-d w hich will keep in doubt the value of leiral tender medium of i-x- hiimre and prevent a revival of productive indus tries needed oy all i his-es. i.y none more than the holders of property, of w Latcvcr s.irt, with debts to liquidate from realla'.iou upon its sale. lut U'l liiittint; that the two cl.i-s.- ..f eitiens are to be tKUletited. by e. pan-ion, v. oii'id it be hoiie.-t to u it'.' Would not thei.'.-iierai lo-s be too ";reat to jus tify such relief.' Would i: not be more just and bo":ie-t und prudent to authorize each debtor to issue his I. v. n l.-.'al tenders t-i extent of his liab'M- ties than to do this". Would it not Oesater lor l.T of over is-ue-ibv uns. rupuloii.- credit-us to sav that all debt obligations no.- obliterated in tiie I'nited Mates nd now w e covs-mcie e aiu-w. each possess ing a!l he ha.- at the time tree from all encum brance'.' The propositions j; re too absurd to be en tertained lor a liiomciit imnkini,' i'opie. l-.very delav m j. reparation tor nnal resumption j.artak of this di.-hoiicstv. A season !1 at last am ve for the wi.rk of redeeming our pledges. t i-oui mence. J he time wii! never con-.e, in mvoiiinion except bv positive action bv I 'iisji-e.-.s. und national disast--rs which w ill destroy lor a time, at least, th credit if individuals and the state at T.irire. A Koiind eurr. nev m:i-1 be rcaehed bv total hnkrii).t- cy aii'l credit of nation arid ol individuals!? I be lieve it is in the power of i oiurrcss. at this session, to devise such b-jj i-hit i.u u will renew conlidence, revive all indiisti i. s. seit-1 u on a career of proi--writy to bt-t for many years, ami to savo-thc credit of the nation and of the people, s-teps toward the return to a specie basis arc tin jrcat rooiiisites to this end. dev outly t be sought for, and otHers which I may touch upon hen-after. A nation deal ing in a currency below that of specie in value, laliors under two treat disadvantages: tir-'t, liaviujr no use for the orld's ackiiwvledi.'ed laedium of exchange, u'old a;nl silver, tht-it are driven out of the country be, -au-e there i no demand for their Use. Secoud. the mediums of exchantre in use be ins of a f'.iii-tuariiur value. ( f.-r, after all. it is only worth just what it will pun iiase of pikl and silver, lm-tals haviiu; an intrin-sM- value, just in j.rojiortioi) to the honest l.-.'.or it takes to produce tiu-m, Ullage margin hum be allowed for protit by the manufac turers and pro.'uieers. It is months from the dr.-.e of production to .late of realization; interest uj-.u capital must be chanjvd. find risk of tluctualion i:i the value of Return: that w hich is to be received Ul Iayun nt added. H-.-iu-e. bi-.-h j. rices ATtin as "i j.rutcction to the foiviVn producer who n-vivA nothing in exchange for trie j.rochtet o4" lus sk and lahor except a currency. 't at a srable vabf 8 the world over, it seems 'to lue that nothing I 1 t l.-ar. r.ttian.tliat the ereat.-r part ot the burden W i-siNtin prostration f-.r the want of a sound tinnu- ! -ial system, falls upon tUe work in-niau, w ho must, after all. produce the wealth, and the salaried man w ho superintends and conduct business. The bur- 1 den falls on them in two naic by the deprivation of employment ami by the decreased purchasing wer of their salary. It is the duty of i 'impress, not mine, to devise the method of c-oi rei tiuir the evils which are acknow ledged to exist; but 1 will venture to surest twoor three things which seem t- me :i absolutely neces sarr to a return to specie payment. As a rirt ereat retiuisite in a return to prosperity, the lcKal tender clause to the law authonin the issue of currency by the national lovernmenl yhould be repealed. t"i take cnect as to all contracts entered into altera day tixed in the repeal imr in-t, riot to npily. how ever, to payments of salaries l.y ihe t iovcriiment, or for other expenses now provided by law to be paid in currency, m tne interval pending ijctvveeu ro peal and linal resumption, provision should be made by wmeli trie .secret tr. ot tne l reasury can obtain Kohl as it iH-c-imes necessary from time to time from the date when specie resumption may commence. To this miht and should be added a revenue u:Vicie:itlv in excess of expenses to insure an accumulation of .tol l in the Treasury to sustain redemption, l recommend tins suojeet to your careful considerarivn. believing a favorable solution is attainable, and that if reached by this v'onsrress, the t.resent and future jienerat ions w ill ever urate fully remember it as their delivery from a thraldom of evil and disgrace. With resumption, free bank ing may te authorized with satety. Rivinj; full pro tection to bill-holders w inch tney have under ex isting laws. Indeed 1 would regard free banking as essential. It would tiive proper elasticity to the currency, ns more currency should be required for the transaction of loitate business. New banks would be starte-d in turn, l'.anks wituld w ind up their business w hen it was found there' was a super abundance of currency. The experience and judg ment of the jK.ople can best decide just how much currency is required for tii-.1 transaction of the business of this com. try. It is unsate to b-ave the Nettloment of this Uc-t:oti to I'onircss. the Sec retary of the Treasury, or the Kxecutive. 'otipre3 Ehoujd make the regulation under which banks tuay exist, but should not make banking a monop oly by limiting the amount of redeemable paper currency that' shall be autheuized. Such import ance I attach to this subject, and so earnestly do I commend it to vour at' ention 1 irive it prominence by iiitroducinc; "it at ti.e beijinni:!-; of tins message. Of 11 FoItlloN MK1.ATIONS. I)uriu the past year nothing has (K'Ciirred to dis turb the general lrieiidiy and cordial relations! of the I'nited States w ith e-ther juiwers. 1 he corre- pon den e-e submitted lu-ri-w ith. between the liov ernraent and its diplomatic representatives in other countries, shows a satisfactory condition of all ques tions between the rnite-d s-tates and most of those countries, and w ith few exceptions to which refer ence is hereafter made- the absence of any points of difference to be adjusted. The notice directed by the resolution of t'onirress of June 17. ls7j to lc fiven to terminate the convention of July IT, lv.y, twen the I'nited Mates and Belgium, has been jriven. and the treaty will accodinU- terminate on the find day of Jul ls?:. This convention secured to certain lSeltjian veels. entering the r-orwof the United States, exceptional ri viloe-s. which are not accorded to our ow n vessels, other parts of the convention have proved satisfactory, and have tend ed to the cultivation of mutually beneficial e .ia- mercial intere-oiirse and lriendly relations between the two countries. I hope that neirotiation, which has been invited, will result in another treaty w hich may tend to the interest ot both countries. Our re lations continue friendly. During the past year the fear of hostilities be tween China and Japan, growing out of the landing of armed forces nw;i the Island of Kormcv-a by the latter, has occasioned uneasiness It is earnestly hoped, however, that the difficulties arising from this caue w ill Ik; adjusted, and that the advancing civilization in the tnipires may not oe retaroea i a state of w ar. In consequence of the part taken certain citizens of the United States in this expedi tion, our representatives in those countries have been instructed to impress upon the Governments of China and Japa.11 the rirrn intention of this coun try to maintain strict neutrality in the event of hoj- .-Ji tiliiies. and carefully prevent any Infraction of law on the part of our citizens. In connection with this subject I call the atten tion of Congress to the generally conceded fact that the trreater portion of the Chinese immigrants who come to our shores do not come ostensibly to make their homes with us, and their labor productive of gentriii prosperity, oui come under contract with head men. who own the men almost absolutely. In a worse form does it apply to Chinese woinen ; hardiy a perceptible per centage of them perform honorable labor; they are brought for shameful purposes, to the disgrace of the community where they are settled, and to the great demoralization of the youth of ihoie localities. If this evil Tiraetiof can be legislated against, it will be my plea-sure as well as duty to enforce anv regulation to insure kt desirable an end. It is hoped that negotiations between the Govern ment of Japan and treatv powers, lookimr to the further opening of the Knipire. and to the removal of various restrictions upon trade and travel, mav soon produce the result desired, which cannot fai'l to inure to the benefit of all parties. Having on previous occasions submitted to tha consideration of Congress the policy of the release of the Japan ese Government from the further payment of in demnity under the convention of Oct. 'Ji, 1SC4, and as no action has been taken thereon, it became my duty to regard the obligations of the convention as lnloree: and as the oilier powers interested have received their portion of the indemnity in full, the Minister ot the united hiates in japan nas, in oe- half of this Government, received the remainder of tho amount due to tho United Mates under the con vention of isimono.stki. I submit the propriety of applying the income of a part if not tiie whole of this fund to tne education, in tne Japanese lan guage, of a number of young men to be under ob ligations to serve the Government for a specified time, as interpreters, at tho Legation and the Con sulates in Japan. A limited number of Japanese youths Tnisrht, at tne same tunc, oe eaucatea in our vernacular, and mutual benetit would result to both Governments. The importance of having our own cltien competent ami familiar with the language of Japan, to act as interpreters and in other capaci ties connected wun ine legation anei eousuimes in that eouutrv. cannot readily be over estimated. ihe amount awareiea tne uovcrniaeut oi ureal liritain by the Mmod Commission, organized under thti provisions of the treaty of Washington, in settlement of claims of British tujects arising from acts committed between April IS. 1S-U. and April 'j, iv.'. became payable under the terms of the treaty w ithin the " ast year and w as paid upon the 21st dav of September. 1S74. In this connection 1 renew my recommendation at the opening of last session of Congress, that a siiecial court be created to hear and determine all claims of aliens against the United .States arising from acw committed uain-t their persons or property during the insur rection. It. anoears eouitable that an opportunity hi.nl.l 1... otieied to citizens ot other States to prove their claims as We'll as to theme of Iiritish subjects whose claims were not admissible under the late Commission, to the early decision of some compe tent tril nnal. To this end I recommend the neces sary legislation to organize a court to dispose of rhe.se claims of aliens referred to in an eouitable aud satisfactory manner and relieve Congress anel the departments from the consideration ol these quesflons. The legislation a ieessarv to extend to the colony of Ne a foundland certain articles of Uie treaty of Washington of the Sih day of May, 1871. having been passed, a protocal to that effect was signed in behalf of the United States and Great liritain on the usth day of May last, and was duly proclaimed on the follow ing day. A copy of tho proclamation is submitted herewith. A copv of the report of the commission appointed under the act of March l'J, 1S72, for surveying and making the boundaries between the United States and the British Possessions from the Lake of the Woods to the summit of the Rocky mountains, is herewith transmitted. 1 am happy to a:i- ucunce the field work of the Commission has bet-n completed, and the entire line from the northwest corner of the Lake of the Woods to the summit of the Rocky mountains has been run and marked upon the surface of the earth. It is believed that tho amount remainingunexpendetl of the appropriation made at the last session of Congress wilt be sullicient to complete the oflice work, l rccommenel that authority of Contrrcss bo given to the use of the unexpended balance of tne appropriation in completion ot the work of trie Commission in making the report and printing the nece.-sary map. I he court known as the Court of Commissioners Cf the A'tinri.tin claims, creates! by an act of Con gress ot tho last session, has organized and com menced iu work, and it Is to be hoped that the claims admissible under the provisions of the act may oe speedily ascertained anel paid. It has been deemed advisable to exercise the discretion conferred upon the Executive at the last session, hy accepting the conditions required by the Government of lurkey for the privilege of allow ing citizens of the I'nited s'tates to hold real estate in tho former country, and by assenting to a certain change in the jurisdiction of the Courts iu the latter. A copy ot tne proclamation upon these subjects is herewith communicated. inere has t.een no material cnange in our rela tions with the independent states of this hem . isphere, which were formerly under the dominion ot Spain. Marauding on tne ooruers Dc-tween -Mexico ana Texas still frequently takes place, despite the vigilance of civil and military authorities in that quarter. The difficulty of checking such trespass along the course ot a river oi such length as tho ltio Grande, and so often fordable, is obvious. It is hoped the efforts of thi Government will be seeonduel by those of Mexico to the effectual sup pression of act of wrong. I'rom the report upon the condition of business before the American and Mexican Joint Claims Commission, made by the agent on the part of the United Stales, and dated October is, 1674, it appears that of the 1,017 claims liied on the part of citi zens of the United states, -is:: had been finally de cided, and 7.i were in the hands of the umpire; leaving 4t'.2 to lie disposed of: and of y'JS claims tiled against the United States, 726 had been linally deciiied on. One was before the umpire, and 271 remained to lie di-jiosed of, reducing somewhat the number still iending; others have been passed up on by the arbitrators. It has become apparent, in view of these figures, and of the fact that the work devolving on the umpire i particularly laborious. Hut the Commission would be unable to eiispose of theeriiire number of claims jiending, prior to Feb ruary 1, lsTi. the date fixed lor expiration. Nego tiations are pending looking to the securing of the results of the decisions which have been reached and to a further extension of the Commission for a limited time, which it is confielently hoped will suffice to bring all tho business now before it to a final close. The strife in ihe Argentine Republic is to be de plored, both on account of the parties thereto and from the probable efleets on the interests of those engaged in trade in that quarter, of whom the United States are among the principal. As yet, so far as I am aware, there has been no violation of our neutrality rights, which, as well as our duties in that respect, it shall be my endeavor to maintain and observe. It is with reeret I announce that no further pay ment has been received from the Government of Venezuela on account of the awards in favor of citizens of the United States. Hopes have been en tertained that if the Republic could escape both foreign and civil war for a few years its great natur al re-ouroes would enable it to honor its obligations. Though it is now understood to be at peace with ither eountries, a serious insurrection is reported m I.uii tl I i J 1 1 i.i i vui ill i nnu-ri-M in nil iiiioortaiit rci-ion of that Kemibl o.. I f ,,thr V.-iis..!! ! for delay in the payment of the dues of our citizens. 1 he deplorable stnie in Cuba continues without any marked change In tfie relative advantages of the contending forces. The insurrection continues. but Spain has gained no superiority, bix years ol strife give the insurrection aslnnificairce which can not be brnored. Its duration and the tenacity of its adherents, together with the absence of manifested power in suppression on the part of Spain cannot be controverted, and may make some tKisitive rtepa on the part of other powers a matter ol self- iiece-ssiiy . 1 hud uon!ilritlv honed at thin timi to tx- en abled to announce tile arrangement of the imior- iani question hetweeii this Government aud that of i-.i.u. uui mo negotiations have been nrotracteiL The minuppy illU'TtilLl 4lisSMisinns nf Surtin iaiii. inaiul our profound svmnnr.hv n Tit 1 T!!iivf be iie- cepted as. perhaps, a cause of this delay. An early settlement, in part, at least, of the questions be tween the Governments is hoped. Iu the mean time, awaiting the results of immediately pending negotiations, I defer a further and fuller communi cation on the subject of the relations of this country arid fpam. EXPATRIATION AND NATURALIZATION'. I have again to call the attention or Congress to the unsatisfactory condition of tho state of the law s with reference to expatriation and election of na tionality. Formerly, amid conflicting opinions ard ie-cisieiiB, it Ulilieuil Ul l-IU'l r ilelenr.ito- 1.,,,.. far the doctrine of Perpetual ullewianeo yi ...... i; cable to citizens of the United States. Congress la the act of -Tth July, lsc.s. asserted the abstract right of expatriation as a fundamental principle of mis Government Notw ithstanding such assertion and the necessity of the formal application of the prin ciple, no legislation has beeu had defining what acts or formnlitit-s shall work expatriation or when a citizen shall kj decided to have renounced or nae losi 1113 eiuzeiisiiip. me importance of uch a eiecisiou i-j oovious. ine reDrpw-ntjiTivus ,.r Mu u nited tate in foreign COUlltrieJI r cAntiiMKll- called upon to lend their aid and the protection of the I nited States to persons concerrnmr i!i,.,i faith or the reality of whoso citizenship there is at least great question. In some cases the provisions of the treaties furnish some guide ; in others it seems left to the persons claiming the benelit of citizen ship while living in a foreign country, colitributin--m no manner to tho performance of the duties of a citizen of the United States, and without the inten- i,u "j hill- 10 uwuidi- una undertake these du t:es. and to ue the claims of citizenship of the I nited States simply as a shield from the perform ip of the ance oi ine ooutraucms or a citizen elsewhere. The status of citUens born of American parents "resid ing in foreign countries, of American women who have married aliens, of American citizen residiii" abroad, where such question is ne.t regulated by treaty, is a source of frequent difficulty and discus. sion. Legislation on these and similar questions and particularly deflning when and under what circumstances expatriation can be ace-omplished or is to be presumed, is especially needed. In this connection I earnestly call the attention of Congress to the difficulties arising from fraudu lent naturalization. The Unite States wisely freely and liberally offers its citizenship to all who may come in good faith to reside within its limits, on iheir complying with certain prescribed reasona ble ami simple formalities and conditions. Among ine ursiuuufsui mc iiuveiuiueiii is in anoM lirni, efficient, and effectual protection to all its citizens, whether native or naturalized. Care should be taken that a right, carrying with it such support from the Government, should not be frau-iulentlv obtaine-d and should be bestowed only upon full preK.f of a compliance with the law. liut there are frequent instances of illegal and fraudulent natu ralization, and of the unauthorized use of certifi cates thus improperly obtained. In some cases the fraudulent character of the naturaliiation has ap peared upon the face of the certificate itself ; in others, examination discloses that the holder had by ' not complied with the law ; and in others still, cer- tirieates have been obtained where the persons hold ing them not only were not entitled to be natural ized, but had not even been within the United States at the time of the pretended naturalization. Instances of each of these classes of frau i are dis- covered at our Legations, where certificates of natu ralization are presented either for the purj-ose of obtaining passports, or in claiming the protec tion of the legation. When the fraud is on the face of such certificates they are taken up by the repre sentatives of the Government and forwarded to the Iepartnient of State: but then the record of the Court in which thev, the fraudulent naturalizations. -- ..... v - --------------- - ,., ure secured, remains and duplicate re rt-aanj . obtainable. Upon the presentations of these for the issue of the passports, or on demanding the protec- of the Government, the fraud sometimes escapes notice. Such certificates are not infrequently used in transactions of buiness to the deception and in jury of innocent parties. Without placing any aa- .i:.r i , . i .1. A .n tin, s,,f.iiimitl- nf JlliOUitl oosittcie III l lie aj vl mv, -- citizenship by the worthy and well-intentioned fpr o gner who comes in good faith to cast his lot with us. I earnestly recommend further legislation to punish fraudulent naturalization, ana 10 secure mo remedy call the attention of record ot every nat uralization made in fraud. ?j NEW TREATIES. Since mv last annual message the exchange has been made of the ratification of treaties oi extra dition with Belgium. Kcuador. rem and Salvador; also of treaty of commerce ana navigation wun I'ent. and one of commerce and consular privileges with Salvador; all of which have been duly pro claimed, as has adso a declaration with Russia wttn reference to truae maris. EWKIITS ASH K PKSPITfltES REVEN VE3 BANKINO FINII. The report of the Secretary of the Treasury. which by law is made directly to Congress, and forms no nart ol this niessaire. win snow ine re ceipts and expenditures of the Government for the last Iiscnl ve-ar; me amount received iroin eu.cu souitjo of revenue, and the amount paid out for each of the Departments of the Government. It will be ob served from this report that the amount of receipts over expenditures has been but g2p:JI4.Sii2 M for the fiscal vcar ending June :50, 174, and that for the current fiscal vear the estimated receipts over ex penditures will not much exceed nine millions of dollars. In view of the larg-i national debt exist ing, and the obligations to add one per cent, per annum to the Sinking Fund, a sum amounting now to over SSJ.OOi.OOO per annum, 1 submit whether the revenues should not be increased or the expendi tures diminished to reach this amount of surplus. Not to provide for the Sinking Fund is a partial failure to comply with the contracts and obligations of the Government. At the last session of Con gress a very considerable reduction was made iu rates of taxation, and the number of articles submitted to taxation The question may well be asked whethar wisely or not in some in stances. In connection with this subject, too, I venture opiniou that the means of collection of the revenue's especially from imports have been so embarrassed by legislation as to make it question able whether or "not large amounts are not lost by failure to collect, to the loss of the Treasury and to the prejudice of the interests of honest importers and taxpayers. The Secretary of the Treasury, in his report, favors legislation looking to these pay ments, thus supporting the views previously ex pressed in this message. He also recommends economy in appropriations: calls attention to tne loss of revenue lrom repealing the tax on tea and j coffee.without benefit to the consumer; recommends an increase ol 10 cents a gallon on whiskey ; and further, that no modification be made in the bank ing and currency bill passed at the last session of Congress unless modification should become ueces sary by reason of the adoption of measures for re turning to specie payment In these recommenda tions 1 corelially join. THE JLDICIOLS TARIFF. I would suggest to Congress the propriety of ad justing the tariff so as to increase the revenueand at the same time decrease the number of articles uiion which duties are levied. Those articles w hich enter into our manufactures and are not produced at home, it seems to me, should be entered free ; those articles of manufacture of which we produce a constituent part but not produce the whole, that part w hich we do not produce should enter lree. Also. I will instance tine wools, dyes, etc. These articles must be imported to form a part ol the manufacture of the higher grades of woolen goods. Chemicals, such as dyes, compounded medicine, and used in Ivarious ways in manufactures, come under this class. The introduction, free ot duties, of such wools as we elo not produce w ould stimulate the manufacture of wools requiring the use of those we elo produce, and therefore would be a benelit to home production. There are many articles enter- . ing into home manufactures which we do not pro- ; duce ourselves, the tariff upon which increases iWe cost of producing the manufactured article. All corrections in this regard are in the direction of bringing labor and capital in harmony with each other and ot supplying one of the elements projerly so much needed. THE ARMY. Tho renort of the Secretary of War. herewith at tached and forming a part of this message, gives all the information concerning the operations, wants and necessities of the army, and contains many suggestions aud recommendations which I com- , mend to your special attention. There is no class; of Government employes who are harder worked ; than the armv otlicers aud men, and none who ier- . form their tasks more cheerfully aud efficiently and under circumstances of greater privations and hardships. Legislation is desirable to render more efficient this branch of the public service. All the recommendations of the Secretary of War, I regard as judicious, and I csiecially commend to your at tention the following: The consolidation of the ; Government arsenals ; the restoration of mileage to otlicers traveling under orders; the exemption of money from the sale of subsistence stores from be- ; ing "coverctl" into the Treasury ; the use of appro priations lor tne purcna.se or suusisieiice stores without waiting for the beginning of tiie fiscal year for which tiie appropriation is made: for addi tional appropriations lor tne collection or lorpeeio material: for increased appropriations for the man ufacture of arms : for relieving the various Stutes from indebtedness for arms charged to them during the rebellion : for dropping officers from the rolls of the army without trial for the offense of drawing pay more than once for the same period: for the discouragement of the plan to pay soldiers by checks; and for the establishment of a professorship of Khetoric and English Literature at West Point The reasons for the recommenelations arc obvious, and set forth sufficiently in the report attached. I also recommend tha"t the status of the staff corps of the army be fixed, where this has not already been done, so that promotions may oe made and vacan cies filled a they occur in each graele when re duced below the number to be lixed by law. The necessity for such legislation is specially felt in the pay elepartmcnt.- The number of vacancies in that department is below the number adequate to per form the duties required by law. THE NAVY. The efficiency of the navy has been largely in creased during "last year under the impulse of the foreign complications which threatened us at the commencement of the last session of Congress. Most of our efficient wooden ships were put in con dition for immediate service, and the repairs of our iron-clads were pushed with the utmost vigor. The result is that most of these are effective and need only to bo manned and set in commission to go at once into service. Some of the uew sloops author ized by Congress are already in commission, anel most of the remainder are launched and wait only the completion of their machinery to enable them to take their ydaces as part of our effective force. Two iron torpedo ships have been completed dur ing the last year, and lour of our large double tur- ------ " . f j a - - reieu lron-ciaua are now uiiuwj:uiiicri-ja-. i v nen tiiese are finished, everything that is needful of our navv. as now authorized, will oe in condition ior service, and with the advance in the science of tor pedo warfare, the American navy, comparatively small its it is, will be found at any time powerful for the purposes of a peaceful nation. SCIENTIFIC AND COMMERCIAL EXPLORATIONS AND OB SERVATIONS. Much has also been accomplished during the year in aid of science and to increase the sum of general knowledge and further the interests of commerce and civilization. Extensive and much needed soundings have been made for hydrographic pur poses and to fix the proper routes ot ocean tele graphs. Further surveys of the great Isthmus have been undertaken and completed, and two vessels of the navy are now employed in conjunction w ith those of Kngland. France, Germany and Itussia, in observations connected with the transit of Venus, useful and interesting to the scientific world. The estimates for this branch of the public service do not differ materially from those of last year the general support of the service being somewhat less, and those for improvement at the various stations, rather larger thau the corresponding estimate made a year ago. The regular maintenance and steady increase iu the officering of this most important arm, and in proportion to the growth of our mari time intercourse and interest, is recommended to the attention of Congress. The use of the navy duriug ieace might be further utilized by a direct authorization of the employment of naval vessels in surveys of the supposed navigable waters of other nationalities in this Continent, especially the tributaries of the two great riversof South America, the Orinoco and the Amazon. Nothing prevents, under existing laws, such exploration, except that expenditures must be maele in such expcelitious be yond those usually provided for in the appropria tions. The lield designated is unquestionably one of interest and one capable of a large development of commercial interests advantageous to the people reached and those who may establish relations with them. Elil'CATION THE roSTOFKK E. The education of the people entitled to exercise the right of franchise. I regard essential to general prosperity everywhere, and especially so in a He public w'here both education and previous condi tion do not enter into account in giving suffrage. Next to the Public School, the Postofiice is the great agent of education over our vast territory. The rapidity with which new sections are being settled. thus increasi n 1 ho en r-vtii if t b muili in n laore i rapid ratio than the increase of receipts, is not alarming. The report of the Postmaster General herewith attached, shows that there was an in crease of revenue in this department in 1S73 over the previous year, of il.f.71,411, and an increase of cost of carrying the mails and paying employes, of V..0 11.40.7 '.!. The report of the Postmaster General gives interesting statistics of his department, and comparing them w ith the corresponding statistics of a year ago, show a growth in every branch of the department, A postal convention has been concluded with ew South Wales, n.ri exchange of postal earil ex changed with Switzerland, and the negotiations pending for several years past with France have terminated in a convention with that country, which went into effect last August. An interna lionai postal congress was convened in Heme. e iizeriana. in September lan, t which the United i. sVa"s represented by an officer of the ost i CPArt.mecl -f -nmch c-M-erience and ofqual i iYh,iwr. 1 l.'11""- A convention for the es itxiJ10"1 J a" international postal union was t "Pon by me delegates of the countries rep resented, subject to the approval of the proper au- i.i.M.iie.- ei nio.-e countries. fI,iTi1i?l't.full'.'l':.ct yolr a"ention to the report of the Postmaster General, to his si,r,r...,i gard to an equitable adjustment of the question of k., uiukus ior carrying the mails. THE LOUISIANA CASE. Your attention will be drawn to the unsettled condition of affairs in some of the Southern States i-. . i re-tutuioer iai ine Governor of s.-;.f "ooii lue. as provided tiy the Con stitution and laws of the United States, to aid in tho suppression of domestic violence in that State. This call was made In view of a proclamation issued on that day by V. B. Penn stating that he was elected Lieut. Governor in 172. and calling upon the militia of the state to arm, assemble ami drive from power the usurpers, as he designated the ofn- cers of the State Government. On the next day I i issued my proclamation commanding the insurgents , -.1... ,i i ... .i.,.. ,i, v - - j - -j ......... .....&o,a..,iii i - - - - - - - uu tuuscijuciiuj icaan-u uini un una , taken forcible possession of the State House. Steps : were taken by ine to support the existing aiul rec ognized State Government, but before the expira tion ot the live days the insurrectionary movement was practically abandoned and the oilicers of the State Government, with sojne minor exceptions, re- ''-oili.ll a ill 1 Lilt- w . mmed their powers and duties. Considering that j ine preseni oiate Administration of iouisiana nas been the only Gorcrnment in that State for nearly two years, that it has been tacitly acknowledged and acquiesced in aa such by Congress, and more than once expressly recognised by me, I regarded it us my clear duty, when legally called upem for that purpose, to prevent its overthrow by an armed mob, under the pretense of fraud and irregularity in the election of 1S72. 1 have heretofore called the at tention of Congress to this subject, stating that on account of the frauds and forgeries committed at said election, and because it appears that the re turns thereof were never legally canvassed, it was impossible to tell thereby who were chosen but from tho most reliable sources of information at my command, I have always believed the present State oflieers received a majority of the legal votes actually cast at that election. 1 repeat what I paid in my special message of February is, I.s7;i. that in the event of no action by Congress I must continue to recognize the Government heretofore recognized by me. SOt'TIIERK TROUBLES GENERALLY. I regret to say that with the preparations for the late election, decideel indications appeared in some localities in Southern States of a determination by acts of violence and intimidation to deprive citi zens of the freednien class of the ballot, because of their political opinion. Hands of men. masked and armed, made their appearance ; White Leaguers and other Societies were formed; large quantities of arms and ammunition were imported and distri buted to these organizations; military drills with in creasingdemonstrations were he-Id, and with all these murders enough were committed to spread terror among those whose iKilltical action was to be sup pressed, if possible, by these intolerant and criminal proceedings, in soma places colored laborers were compelled to vote according to the wishes of their employers under threats of discharge if they voted otherwise, and there are too many instances in which when these threats were disregarded they were remorselessly executed by those by whom made. I understand that the Fifteenth Amend ment to the Constitution was made to prevent this and like state of things, and the act ot May Si, lh70, with amendments,, was passed to enforce its provision, the object of this being to guarantee to all citizens the right to vote, and to protect them ia the free enjoyment of that right. Lnjoined by the Constitution to take care that the laws be faithfully exoeuted, and convinced by undoubteei evidence that violations of said act bad been committed, and that a widespread aud flagrant disregard of it was conteninlateel. the proper otlicers were instructed to prosecute the offenders, and troops were stationed at convenient points to aid these otlicers, if neces sary, in the peiforuianceoi tueir duties. Complaints are made of this interference by Federal authority, but if said amendment ami act elo not provide for such interference under the circumstances as above stated, then they are without meaning or effect, the whole system of colored enfranchisement is worse than mockery, and little better thau a crime. Possibly Congress may lind it due to justice to ascer tain by means of a committee w hether the alleged wrongs to colored citizens for political purposes are real, or the reporU thereof were manufactured for the occasion. The whole number of troops in the State of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Kentucky, Teiiiies see, Arkansas, Mississippi, Maryland anel Virginia at the time of the election was 4.0N2. Th is embraces the garrisons of all the forts, from the Delaw are to the Gulf of Mexico. ARKAKSA.S. Another trouble has arisen in Arkansas. Article 13 of the Constitution of the State, which was adopted in bsCsl, anel upon the approval of whicii by Congress the State was restored to representa tion as one of the States of the Union, provides in effect that before any amendments promised to this Constitution shall become part thereof, they shall be passed by two successive assemblies, and then submitted and ratified by a majority of the electors of the State voting thereon, tin the 11th of May. ls.74. the Governor convened an 'extra session of the General Assembly of the State, which on the lMh of the same month passed an act providing for a convention to frame a new Con stitution. Pursuant to this net, and at an election held on the 30th Junt, 171, the convention was ap proved and delegates- were chosen thereto, which assembled on the 14th of July, and formed a new Constitution, which provided" for the election of an entire new set of State olEcers in a manner contra ry to the then existing election laws of the State. On the i:Uh of October, 1S74. this Constitution, as there in provided, was submitted to the people for tiieir approval or re-jection, anil, according to the election returns, was approved by a large majority of those qualified to vote thereon, and at the same election lersons were chosen to fill all the State, county and township offices. The Governor elected in 1.S72 for the torm of four years turned over his ollice to the Governor chosen under the new Constitution; whereupon the Lieutenant-Governor, also elected in ls-72. for a term of four vears, claiming to act as Governor, and alleging that said proceedings by which the new Constitution was made and a new set ot otlicers elected, were unconstitutional and illegal, called upon me, as provided in section 4, article 4 of the Constitution, to prefect the State against domestic violence. As Congress are now in vestigating the political affairs of Arkansas. I have declined to interfere. 1 he whole subject of I-.xeeu tive interference with the affairs of a State is re pugnant to public opinion, to the feelings of tho-e from whom their ollicial capacity luu.st. be used in such interposition ami to hint or those who most dosiie it Unless most clearly on the side of law, sueliduterferenee becomes a crime ; with the law to support it, as condemned without a hearing:?. KKOM ARKANSAS BACK. TO THE GENERAL eit'EsTlo.W I desire that all necessity for Kxecutive decision in local affairs may become unnecessary and obso lete. I invite the attention, not of Congress, but of the people of the United States, to the causes and effects ot then: unhappy questions. Is there not a disposition on one side to magnify the wrongs and outrages, and on the other side to "belittle them or justify them? If public opiniou could be directed to a correct survey oi what is and to rebuking wrong and aiding the proper authorities in punish ing it. a I etter state of feeling would be inculcated, and the sooner we would have that peace which would leave the States free iiuleed to regulate their own domestic affairs. I believe, on the part of our citizens of the Southern States, the better part of them, there is a disposition to be law-abiding, ami to uo no violence eiuier to individuals or the laws existing. But do they do right iu ignoring the ex istence of violence iu resistance to constituted au thority ? I sympathise with their;prostratc condition and would do all in my power to relieve them, tie knowledging that in sonic instances thev have had most trying Governments to live under, and verv oppressive ones in the way of taxation for nominal improvements, not giving ncuetits equal to the hardship imposed, but can they proclaim them selves entirely irresponsible lor this condition Thev cannot. Violence has been rampant in some localities and has further been justified or denied by those who could have prevented it. The theory is raised that there is to be no further interference on the part of the General Government to protect citi zens within a State where the State authorities fail to give protection. 1 his is a great mistake. While I remain Executive all the laws tf Congress anil the provisions oi tne constitution, liieluduurthe amend ments added thereto, will be enforced with rigor ; but I regret that they should have added one jot or tittle to Executive duties and power?. Let there be fairness m the discussion of Southern questions the advocates or both or all political parties giving hoiu-st, truthful reports of occurrences, condemning the w rong and approving the right. Then all will be well. Under existing conditions the neirro . .1 , tn . i . . . . . voiea uie leepuuiieau ueii-i. oecau.se ne Knows lus friends are of that party. Many a good citizen votes the opposite, not necau.se he Wat variance w ith the great principles ot t-tate which separate parties, but because, generally, he Is opposed to liecrro rule This is a most delusive cry. Treat the negro as a citizen and voter, as he is and must remain, and soon parties win ue conducted not on t he color line but on principle. Then we shall have no complaint oi secuoriai luierierence. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. The report of the Attorney-General contains vain able recommendations relating to tho administra tion of justice in the Courts ot the United States, to which I invite your attention. I respectfully sug gest to Congress the propriety of increasing the number of Judicial Districts in the United States to oleven (the present number being nine) and the creation of two additional judgeships. The territo ry to be traversed by the Circuit Judges is to great and the business of the courts so trreatly incrcusiu?. that it is growing more and more impossible for them to keep up with the business requiring their attention. Whether this would involve the neces sity ol adding two more Justices of the supreme Court to the present number, I submit to the judg ment oi congress. INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. The attention of Congress is invited to the report or trie secretary or trie interior una to tne lenrisia tion asked for by him. The domestic interests of the people are more intimately connected with this Department than with cither of the other two De partments oi the Government. Its duties have been added to from time to time, until they have become so enormous mat without the most nerlect system and order it will be impossible for anv Secretary of mc iiiie-iiui iaj fcixjj uacc oi ui l euuciai umisuciious Laving ins sanction and done m his name, and lor wnicn ne is neia personally responsible. THE PEACE POLICY. The policy adopted for the management of Indian affairs, known as the Peace Policy, has been ad hered to with most beneticial results. Itisconti aemiy nopeu mat a lew years more win save our irontier iroui Indian depredations. I commend the recommendation of the Secretary for the exten sion of the homestead laws to Indians, and for some sort oi lerntonai government for the Indian Terri tory. A great majority of the Indians occiim-in-!- this Territory are believed to be incapable of maiu- iKiiuuK uirir hkiiu against ine more ci vinzed and and enlightened man. Any Territorial form of e-ov ernment given them, therefore, should protect them in meir comia ami property lor a period oi tit least twenty years ; and before it's final adoption, should oe raiinexi oy a majority oi tnose atlected. The report of the Secretary of the Interior, here with attached, gives much interestiinrstArisrir-.il in formation, which I abstain from giving au abstract oi, out reieryou to trie report itself. pensions of 1S12. The act of Congress, providing the oath which pensioners must subscribe before tlrawius their pension, cuts off from this bounty a few survivors of the war ol ii, residing in the southern States. I recommend the restoration of this bounty to all such. Thenumbcrofpersonswho.se names would be restored to the list of pensioners is not large. They are all old persons, who could have taken no part in the rebellion . and the services lor wh- they were awarded pensions were in defense of the wnoie country. AGRICULTURAL THE CENTENARY. The report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, herewith, contains suggestions of much interest to the general public and refers to the approaching Centennial anniversary and the part his Department is ready to take in it. I feel that the nation at large is interested in having this exhibition a success and commend to Congress such action as will secure a greater general interest in it Already many for- .... 'iuiuru ineir .i . i." .: . uin-uuuii to tc .iuvu m n. u luuy oe expected that civilized nation will be represented. every CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. The rules adopted to improve the Civil s-rrfc- of Hit re.tVe eii adhered to asloldy r. . . ... "x'e.ltll MJi I' !) v j -m ',.AS oeca P",1 cable, wih the opposition with which ine - meet, ine enectoi it has U'eu essentiallbeneti- tain thP.n u- th,i 5 1 . lm practicable to main tain tnem without direct and oositivi- minr-oit of Congress. Geneially the suprthk-h thfi re form receives is from those who give it their sup liort only to find fault when tho rules are aooar ent y departed from. Keinovak horn IfficJ without v tanT3n ag,ainst ParUes removed, are lrequently cited as departures from tin- rules adopted and thetretention of 1 those Gainst w horn charges are made by irresoonsldTle Sons and fhVrVA i -them- Ln5ier tnese circumstances, therelore, I announce that if t'ouim.u n.ii.mrns anDrlwaWtK.-1-.,ll rerd such action as a dis t?PfiS I f em- ad will abandon it except r?,im.M.ul examinations for certain ap pointees to determine their fitness Competitive w ho ha e given their services without compensa rnlafiSf" m f the Board to ev" trulls and ST, i. o ?t? i e Kweniment of the Civil Service npc- in thiYJ --' iVe BV?wH.lauch zcaI ftIld t'amest V, wnT WOk: au,i to them as well as to myself hinvarroV.n?ior mortification if it is to be e, rr? Ut I repeat lhat it is impossible to Son o,;ySt(.m li a.s"ecessful issue without general approval and ass;stance and positive law to support it. THE LAUOR AXIl CAPITAL PROBLEM VARIOUS ELE MENTS OF THE yUKSTION. .-tat(Hl thRt .h.e ,clenienu of the prosperity to the Nation, capital, labor skilled and unskilled, and products of the soil still remain w ith us. To direct the employment of these is a problem de serving the most serious attention of Congress. If employment can be given to all labor offering it sell, prosperity necessarily follows. I have ex pressed the opinion, and repeat it. that the first res olution to the accomplishment of this end is the substitution of a sound currency in place of one of a fluctuating value. This secured, there are mauv interests that might be fostered to the great profit of both labor and capital. How to induce capital to employ labor is the question. The subject of cheap transportation has occupied the attention of Congress. New light on this ques tion will, without doubt, be given by the commit tee appointed by the last Congress to investigate ami report upon this subject. A revival of ship building, ami particularly of iron sieamsiup ouuuing. is oi vast importance to our national prosperity. The United States is now fiaying over si.nyy.ooo per annum for freights and passage on foreign ships, to be carried abroad, and exieinls in the employment anel support of other ports, beyonel a fair per centage of what should go to foreign vessels, estimating on the tonnage and travel of each rc.-iicctively. It is to be regretted that this disparity in the carrying trade exisU, and to correct it 1 would be willing to see a great depar ture lrom ine usual course ol ooverntnent in sup porting wnat mignt usually oe termed private en terprise. I would not suggest as a remedy direct subsidy to American steamship lines, but 1 would suggest the direct oiler ot ample compensation for carrying the mails between Atlantic seaboard cities and the Continent, in American owned and Amer ican built steamers, anil would extend the liberality to vessels carrying the mails to South American States und to Central America and Mexico, and would pursue uie same policy rroni our l'aeiho sea ports to foreign seaports on the Paeiiic. It might be demanded mat vessels nuut ior tnis service should contoriu to a standard lixed by legislation m ton liage and all other qualities, looking to the possi bility of the Government requiring them at some time for war purposes. "Uie right ulso of taking possession of them in such emergency should be guarded. 1 oiler these suggestions," believing them Woithv of consideration in all seriousness uffcctiiur nil sections and all interests alike. If anvthiiiir ocuer can ue none 10 uireei trie country into a course ot general prosperity none will be more ready than 1 to second the plan. THE blsrr.KT OF COLUMtSJA Forwanled herewith will be found the rctxtrt of tiie commissioners appointed under an act ol Con gress approved June M. lfc l, to wind up the affairs of tho District Government. It will be seen from the. report that the total debt of the District of Co lumoia. less securities on nan.j and available, Is a bonded deb tissued prior to July lst.l&7l,$8,S83,iM0 -J3; favi bonds, under the act of Congress, June JOth.lS74, J.o.s.s.itKS ,.; ; certificates ot the Board of Audit, i,i U,.j-) i.y : total, ij,d':,Wi Ji: less special im provement assessments, chargeable to private prop erty in excess of any demand ncrainst such assess- nent, S l.till 054 37 : less Chesapeake and Ohio anal bunds, S7o"0. and W ashincrtou and Alexandria railroad bonds, ?.i9,ooo ; in iho hands ot the commissioners of the sinking fund. tl. 1S,().'i4 o7; leavu g the actual debt, less said assets. 513,01)1.61:1 24. In addition to this there are claims preferred against the government of the District, amounting in the airereirate. reported bv the Hoard of Audit, to c3.H7.7fo -IS "of which th greater pan win prooauiy tie rejected. 11ns sum e-an with no more propriety be included in the debt of the District govern merit, than can the thousands ot claims against the General Government be in luded as a portion of the national debt. Hut the aggregate sum thus stated Includes something more than the funded debt chargeable exclusively to the District ot Columbia. T he act of Congress, of Nov is, lf7::. contemplates an apportionment between the United States Government and the District of -olurnbia in respect to the payment of the principal and iuU rest of the bonds. '1 he're-fOre, in eorn- Mitintr with precision the bonded debt of the Dis trict ot Hie aggregate sums above stated in re-sjK-ct to me .w..) oorids now issued, the outstanding eertiti ates ol the Hoard ol Audits, and the unadiusted Uiuik pendiliir before that Kourd. should be reduced to the extent ot the amount to be amiortioncd to the U. S. Government In theuitimrr indicated in act of (. ongress ol June 'JO. Ifw3. I especially invite your at tent ion to the rtcoinmcndnlioii of the Commissioners of the Milking r und relative to the mubiguity me act ot .iuue -jo, i.s,: m,. interest on the District bonds and the District. 1 feel much indebted to the gentlemen who consented to leave their private atlairs ami come' from a distance to attend to the business of this District and for the able and sutin- factory manner in which it has been conducted. am sure their services will be equally appreciated bv the entire public. Ihe accoinpaiiyin? full report of the Hoard of Health is that the sanitary condition of the District is verv satisfactory. In m v ooinn in the District of Columbia should be regarded as the grounds ol" the National capital in which the entire j-eople are' in te-reste-d. 1 do not allude to this to urge a generous appropriation to the District, but to draw the atten tion eif Congress t frame a law ior the government of the District to the magnificent scule on which the citv was planm-d bv the foumlers of the Govern ment, the manner in which lor ornamental pur poses the reservations, streets and avenues were iaTd out, and the protiortion ot the proin-rtv actually possessed by the General Government. 1 think the proportion of the exicnse.-i of the government and improvements to oe oorne oy ine eie-neriu iiovcrn ment. the cities of Washington and Georgetown and the county, should be carefully ami equitably denned. IMPROVEMENT OF THE MISSISSIPPI. In accordance with section 3 of the Act approved June irs, nptiointing a Hoard to make a survey ot the mouth of the .Mississippi river, with a view- to determining the be-st method of obtaining and maintaining a depth of water sufficient for the pur poses of commerce; and in accordance with an Act entitled 'An Act to provide for the appointment ot a Commission of Liigmeers to investigate am report a plan for the. excavation of the alluvial basin of the Mississippi river subje'et to inunda tion." I appointed a Commission of Kngineers, Neither Hoard has vet completed its labors. When their rejiorLs are received, they will be forw arded to Congress without delay. (Signed) I. . S. (ill.V.IT Executive Mansion, Den 7, 1S74. The Difference. The Ikiston and I'liila- delpbia papers have been indulging in a little tnenuly controversy regarding the merits of Hen Franklin as a financier. It seems that Franklin left 1,000 to the citv of Hoston and the same sum to the city of Philadelphia, to be loaned to married mechanics in small sums. to assist them in starting business, and the in terest to be compounded from year to vear for a hundred years. According to his calculation eacli legacy would amount to 131,000 in a hundred years, at the expiration of which lie desired that tho money shoulel be appropriated 10 certain public improvements m the respec tive cities. Philadelphia's " talent" has onlv increased, at the end of 8(5 years, to 440.135. and the Bulletin concludes from this that Franklin was no ' business king," and that he hal a very lamr uiHlen-taneling of what monev can do and w hat it cannot do. But the Uos- ton Advertiser says it was not Franklin's fault, but the management of the Philaeleluhia stew ards, that the sum is not nearer the philoso pher's calculations to-dav. In 15oston the cgacy amounted. Jan. 1." 1874. to $182,278. nearly four times as much as the Philadelphia fund. During the next fourteen vears. if the money is com pounded at six per cent., the sum will reach $-108,300. We shall certainly leave our money to Doston. It is hard work, savs the Chicago Tribune, to get ahead of a determined Western man on a matter in which principle and pennies are m volvcel together; especially difficult for the railroads to fight the masses. The great bore nowadays is legal fare. Passengers were in the habit of getting aboard trains and paying "legal fare." To prevent this, the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad devised a means of forcing passenger to pay full fare. It was to make them show tickets before get ting aboarel. At Burlington, the other day, ' a pasenger bought a ticket and took his seat. lie then passed the ticket out of the window j to a friend, who also took his seat, repeating the operation until the carj was tilled up. When the conductor came rouiul there was I but one ticket, and legal fares enough to keep the Supreme Court in continuous session for a ' century. But the value the Burlington husi-' ne.ss men set upon time is not revealed to us. i While Captain Drew, agent of the Jamrq river line of steamers, was sitting in his chair at City Point a dav or two ago in a stnr ,f profound sleep, some rascal Stole out of his month a set of artificial teeth. EASTERN NEWS. i Scientific Explorations. r a t'rofessor O. C. Marsh and scientific party arrived here last evening from Had lanels. south of the Black. Hills The expedition was verv successful iicistue joeim is "ri nartv twice when on the way to nauiai us, aci...e cd a'night attack ou the camp, and otherwise mo lested them. Jxplorauon weie "'""1"- . " culties. but resulted in important, uiM.ue-... About two tons of remains of extinct animals were collected, among them many new to science. collection will go to Yale College, and will soon be described by Prof. Marsh. Havemaj-er' Iiast Official Ac A Commls- aloutr unveil irom vru- w.nr ier s. The last official communica tion with the late Mayor Havemayer was a letter to Jas. Bowen. President of the Commissioners of Charities and Corrections, stating ne was iiuuim that unusual ami scandalous privileges had been allowed Win. M. Tweed at BlacKweu s lsianu anei ailing for a report on trie mauer. jihiui i ..r. . lav seconded the re-quest and micwi iiiai n nie; reports were true tney w ere Minicie-iit, si"""'" v wrirraut me l ounuiwni-i ,vn This was followed oy tne resignation oi x-emvn alternoou. LonjfsJioi" mrii's Strike Kntlrtl. The longshoremen have had an understanding with the Walsh lirouiers, leaning -icicuu. North river, ami a modiricauoii oi mie ui njmj.i-.i- ation has been agreed to. it is t-iieu-u iwe- u.. will go to work to-morrow. Tiie Companies Stml Kirm. The longshoremen of Iloboken ciuh-avored to effect a compromise with the uremen. iiamourg and Eagle steainshin companies, nut tne agcius in formed them no union rnen would hereafter be em ployed. . l i.eiiit Tiiisxell Saw today resigned as President and Director of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company. Win. II. Guioii. Vice President, assumed tne dimes pro (fin. IKUIUS Iiaien. .Managing wneeiui, nonnces mat a nut repon ui mc e-uuuiuuu ...v company will be ready lor the stockholders within ten uays. Particular of Sag' Uetlrement. Nr.w York. Dec. 4. A morning paper says the dissension of the Pacific Mail directors w hich cul minated yesterday in Sage s resignation, is saiu to have been brought about by the discovery thut he was selling calls on the company's stock, it is state'd that James Low. of Dow, Harrison Co., has been tendered the Presidency of the Pacific Mail Co. It is also staled that Kusseil .-uge win retire imm me Presidency of the Panama Kailroad Company. llelit-f of tiie Poor. A meeting was held this eveningat ;he Church of Uie Holv Trinity for the purpose of discussing measures for the alleviation of the condition of the IMior during the winte r. A Minister in Trouble. Pnii.Air;i.pHiA, Dec. r. Kev. Thos. Cooper, pastor oi the s-i Congregational Church ot rranttort. to day answered te the cr;,7 issued by the Sheriff. lie is now under uonos in me cm. .kki to answer a charge of felonious assault and oatiery upon Flora May Peters, tgea is, aiso oi i i. - . , . .1... .-...l.- w.l-tl.rtfylT-l '111. ine cnarge is macic oy me imuv. suit is a civil one, damages neing nxeu ai cio.ouo. Members of Cooper s Church believe mm to oc in nocent. Striking among tiie Potters. Xew York. Dec. 4. The long impending strike in the potteries of Trenton, N. J., began yesterday. The establishments of Yates, Benedict and Alien J. Moss were closed. The employers guaranteed w orb. for the winter at a reduction of 10 per cent ; em ployes refused, with above result. The movements oy tne employes seem oniy individual, anei uoi j.ai i of a concerted action. Poisoning of a Wliole Family. Sckantox, I'a., Dec. -1. A man named I.udwig. wife and iufant child were found in beel to eiiiy, the parents dying from poison. The wife dieel w ith- out returning to consciousness; tiie hu-tiaiid re vived long enough to say he had been given some thing to drink, but iefused or was unable to tell by whom. I lie child is still living, suitering. Destructive l-'lrc. Doykk, Del.. Dec. 4 The large canning factory and jelly works of J. S. Collins tt Co. lA.-banoii, Delaware, burned lost week. Loss, ;i.;0 ,oo i ; luuy insured. The Dridli Penalty. New York. Dec. 1. Albeit Jackson anel Lewis Jarvis, found guilty of the murder of Samuel Jones, at bouth Oyster Day, Long Island, were yesterduy scntcnccd to be hanged on the l."th of January. Another Alaim lit LouUluim, Chicauo, Dee. 4. A Tribune's Washington special says : l here are rumors here, credited oy persons well informed as to ihe condition ot anairs in Ijoui- siana, that another resort to lorce is contemplated by McEneryites. The story is, that in January they intend to seize the State government, impeach the leading state otlicers, and overthrow Kellogg' s su premacy. Durt-ll's St nleiiieiil of I lie ( ac Judge Durell is now in this city, and was inter viewed bv a Triuitur retiorter. He is represented as saying that he is the victim of party exigencies. The head and lreiht tit his olloinlmg is the literal construction of the enforcement act a bad law, known to him as such, passed by a kcpublican Con gress seeking to jierpetuate the Republican party which he lound on the statute books and execute-d impartially. He gave in detail his objections to the law, whie.i were strong as its worst eueinie-s could desire. He said that when its unpopularity and in expediency had l-een exposed, he was deserted by those who passed it, and accused bv them of having overstepped his authority. Another N'eplicw. A dispatch to the Hrraht says that Walker Fearn. appointed as Dure'.l's successor, is a relation by marriage of the l're-sident. Pacific Mall Jlagnate Airing tlielr .Soiled Linen. Kkw York. Dee. 5. Kufus Hatch is not included among the Directors believed to have been engaged in selling Pacific Mail stock short. The chief sin ners were Hajre fc Osborne. The latter sold as broker for Jay iould. who has long been a heavily loaded bear. Hatch denounces Sage bitterly, declaring he was kicked out of the Presidency. Trenor W. Park, a Director of the Panama Kailroad, thinks .Sage must re-sign that Presidency also. He savs the Isth mus Kailroad Company does not depend" on the Pa cific Mail Company for business, but would put on their own vessels immediately if the l'aei;ie Mail Company should withdraw from the route. The supjiosition that a combination had been effected between steamers and overland railroads was er roneous, and the thing was less probable siiie-e the withdrawal of .Sage, t-teamers advanced the rates moelerately because they were unreasonably low. They could command a good business at the ad vance despite the railroads. New Yokk, Dec. 5. The' Pacific Mail discussion continues to be the sensution in Wall street. Inter views with Kufus Hatch and Kusseil fcage ore pub lished to-day, each accusing the other of wiliful ly ing, being concerned in short speculations and us ing his ollicial iosition to further speculation plans. Iiichard 15. Irvin. former agent at San Francisco, has arrived to answer the Company's suit against him lor $7."0,ooo which he says he expended at the instance of the former management to procure a Government subsidy, should he tell all he knows relative to that expenditure a seusation is promised iivaling the Creelit Mobilier. Wool Growers Protest against Reciprocity. New Yor.K, Dec. 5. A protest against the pro posed ree-iprocity treaty is about to be issued by the National Wool Growers' Association. Something " In Store " for Soutli Carolina. New York, Dec. 5. South Carolina advices say the inaugural of Governor Chamberlain promises all that the Conservatives could ask. It is believed, if the Legislature carries out its recommendations, better days are in store for that State. Kittl of tiie Longithurriiiou'ii Strike. Nr.w York, Dee. 4. A nuniber'of longshoremen at Iloboken have geme to work, having accepted the reduction, others will go to work to-morrow. Brooklyn longshoremen agreed lost night to work at a reduction for night work, but refWt-'i to work with non-society men. This debars them, and trouble is apprehended. A large force of police is on duty on tne river front. New York. Dec o. The strike of longshoremen is now considered at an end. The companies have all the men they want. The new hanels bv practice have become as expert as the olel one's, and under these circumstances the companies have resolved to not employ society men under any circumstances. A Vain Trick Foreshadowed. Kkw York, Dec. 5. Washington dispatches fore shadow the early favorable action on the House bills for the admission of Colorado and New Mexi co, with the object eif adding four Iiepublican Sen ators and two Congressmen to the present bodies. A Graage Project. St. Louis, Dec. 5. The Executive Committee of the Missouri State Grange, w hich has been in ses sion here for several dys past, adjourned to-dav after transacting considerable business. It adopted a resolution favoring open trade between Mississip pi Valley and Brazil by steamship lines, asking farmers of the alley to aid in supporting the en terprise. The resolution savs it is the duty and lolicy of farmers to induce shipments by river southward instead of by rail eastward. Itreak lietween Iron Puddlcrs and Manu facturers. riTTsncr.G, Dec. 5. Owing to a disagreement in convention between iron midrilprs mid minnr. Hirers to-day. ull mills except two or three will suspend work on - Monday. The manufacturers have decided to reduce the rate from SO to &" per ton for puddling, which reduction the workmen re fuse to accept. Fast Kunninxr. New Orleans, Dec. 5 In the Louisiana Jockev Club races, Bilox won the first race, hurdle handi cap, -J miles, for a purse of VX). Time. 3:;. Daltn kol won the second lace. )i miles, for a purse of S-.O0. 1 ime, 3:10. Lotta Moore won the third race, r. ages, purse of T00, mile heats. Time 1:12, HoJS: C rown Prince second. Kxploaion of a Locomotive. Coi.rMiir.s. Deo. 5. A locomotive exploded at Delaware on the Cleveland, Columbus. Cincinnati fc Indianapolis railroad, to-dav. injuring the en-g'.nt-er. Y m. Hutchings, and killing his son, who was acting as fireman. The Latest 'Outragc." Mwn;oxr.uY, Dec. o. The State Senate ousted Mil.er (Kep.) and seated Martin (Dem Miscellaneous. PlTTSBfRei. Dec. 4. A largo le.rce of men under thesui-ervision of Superintendent Creigbtoii. of the 1 eniisylvania Kailroad, appeared at Power's Run this morning and cut the pipe of the Columbia Con duit Company where it was laid under the track of the West Pennsylvania Kailroad, putting a stop to present operations on the part of the pipe company. m. niLADtmuA, liec. 4. l ne congregation ot i;ev. Mr. Cooper have nublished a. card pxiiresainrr conn St'nce in his integrity, and a standing committee, ?-KV,npv.forra-.ncl in eJial'of thc Congregational Church of rrankfort, express unlimited confidence in his virtue, integrity and Christian life and char- Katal Casiian y. Fall River, Mass.. Dec 4 a occurred this afternoon near m'dHTl-jle acc!nt the Old Colony Kailroad Urnnsnv i where a bridge over Taunton R A I OI'StTin5 were engaged sinking a , workmen f-.rm a ionion of the Tier tV.leaUc cr"nder to air lock, to which the lower wTr "a"Pe of the with the cover,, was blown rf, cured. together in the cylinder. Enrht m?vlby pressure of air i nree were killed outright oni ft-iT " c ner. Piously I'Thotfc WASHIXGTOX CITY. California Ii;l-tno7i7e ad Fog Si,. Washington. Dec. 3. The I iK.t SMU made a report to-day recommend .k? Boar devoted to a light at Point SLfw 5 11181 $r,'tK e coast of Call foPnia" that the lht Sr i? he "PP be exhibited during the present L?LZiUt Firmi" for that purpose bein "nrty In ?Jer7thin sum of 000 is asked for t?e purpXSaWi Jlie a steam fog s gnal at riedr Viut, establishing most.impoitantgpointson totof cwSJn, " The importance of Point stur nr w7-- ufornla as a lighthouse she btr' f taulbrnia coast, erection " there of a iWhoT "v The companying buildings? 4 bH; 7 ?c" operation. As nearly a- eA iL Si . "pensive will be SlOO.ooo. An lw&Jgto t to begin with. The wortPS? esub.ithin'0 U ask fog signal at Point Montora will a Steam menced. Twelve thou-S do ars Ji re electing a station for keepers at Point Bonhil as plans are prepared the construction of &l house and fog signal on the eastern extrem r ' erba Buena Island will be taken in "htnd f Preparations for K,n? Da-rid Ke'eeptlon at Washington. Washington, Dec. 4. The President bus officially notified yet of the arrival at si.fV.-a,1 len of King Kalakana. No anannfrats V,aco decideel upon as to his reception It sort),?,u, that during to-day formal messages "nff tween Secretary Pish arid the representatives"f King at San Francisco. The ilawahau Mi s e Mr. Allen, who came here to arrange for the reei-tV tion of the King, has been absent from the citv tor some days; consequently the Government is not fully informed as to his wishes in regard to the Kings reception. There is much rivalry between proprietors of hotels to secure the presence of the King and his suite at their respective establish men ts during his visit. ' q Attention to Kdiig David. W.VSIHS..TON, Dee. f.. An officer of the arrnv o navy is to be appointed to look after the comfort e.i' the King of the Hawaiian Islands and suite Dur ing their sojourn in Washington they will be located at a hotel, the Government paying the expenses The President will entertain the King at a. state din ner. In addition, courtesies will beexten led to hiru by the Secretary of State. This will be the first visit of a king to Washington. Indictments Against the Safe Overturned. Burglar Washington, Dec . A full bench of Judges of this District to-day decided that the late grand jury which iiulieted the alleged safe buidars was ilWni. grandTury a"iC4tiI,.!frefore ' by iW Some CorresponIentCliip-3 Iu. Washington, Dec. o.Sargciit.Houton and Paee have satisfied your regular ceirrespondent here that they opposed sending bricks by rail from Baltimore to San Francisco, this is their present position Originally they favored Cue scheme. Orders have now gone out to advertise proposals in California .or furnishing pressed brick and stone, that the Sec retary of the '1 reasury may determine (which of the?) two materials ishall be used'.'i for the new Appraisers' building. Injrnll-.' CTiunces for Promotion. Washington, Dec. 5. -Bumor says that Cien. Irwin McDowell will lie appointed Minister to Itussia. lie is ut an age -t which lie may go on the retired list.sud it it is decideel that he can on his return resume his place in the army retired list, it is said lie will ac eept. 'Ihe vacancy which his retirement would cause in the list of Major-i ienerals on the active li-t would, it is said, be filled by the promotion of Brig.- Jen. Me-ij;s. now Quartermaster-General, and this place can then fall to lien. Lufus Ingails, whom the President strongly wishes to put there. Vice-President WIImjii, Matt. Carpenter and the Presidency of the Senate Chicago, Pec 5. A Washington sjiecial, speaking of Yiese-Pre-idcht Wilson's presence at the Capital, says lie does not intend topicsideduiiug the session! but will re-lire from the Chair after proceeding a fe w days, which will necessitate a nw election of a President pro tern. Carpenter's tenure of office ex pires soon as the Vice-President takes the Chair. It is said there is a determination on the part of the Senate not to re-elect Carpenter, z Some Quarrels IJrewln?,-. Chicago. Dec. 5. An Int-r-O.in special says: "Senators West and Flanagan and several ethers of about their standing in the Senate, are making tierce declarations against Postmaster General J -e-11. Flanagan communicated his deep displeasure at an early day following the investigaii'.ns iu Texas and the discharge of some of his iost:natcrs. West is aggrieved because a man named .sto.'ieaker, whom West had pensioned on the Dc-partiacul as a special agent, was dismissed. .Now these gentle men, with the friends of some other disuiis.-e-d ofli eers, are boosting 'hat Jewell will not be- conKnued. A majority ot Senators, however, laugh at these threatenlngs. They say Jewell will be confirmed without show of serious opposition." BV ATLAAT1C CAULK. Quarantine. London". Dec. About :V.1 passengers of the steamer A!!ittfor!. who left on thut vessel for Liverpool before it was discovered she had smalliox on board, embarked o;i the steamer UlinuU for Philadelphia, but a final examination proving un satisfactory, were flgiiin landed and are now tempo rarily located in the Liverpool Workhouse. Loks of the I.. i Plata Explained. London. Dec. 3. Siemens Bros, write to the 7Vi" explaining the loss of the steamer I.a i'Vita. Ihe-y say a heavy sea. which carried away two boats and tore out the davits, lnade large h.le-s in the steam er's sides. The water came through the o(eniiig in large volumes and soon extinguished the tires, a hen the machinery ceased to work and the ship was helpless. A Caiiist Success. Lvn'Ion, Dec. 3. A telegram from Carlist sources says Gen. des Pujols, commanding a large body i f Government troops in Valencia, lias been tot.-.lly le feated by Carlists and obliged to retreat to Morella. Loss", t'.oj killed and wounded ; 4VJ prisoners. Onrilmldi Pensioned. A dispatch to the $:ni' from Rome, cntioune. s that the Chamber of Deputies have iiiianim u-)y passed a resolution in favor of granting au annuity to Garibaldi. Not s-iioy Matcher. London, Dec. I. The Tuu. c-Knru speciality thc Government is satisfied that the Groallor pris oner is not Nena Sahib. Yakiah Khan is ;u tluse cotiliiieuieiit at Cabool. Pius IX and Kreemnsonry in Brazil. Komk. Dec. 4. The Pope has absolutely refused to recommend Bishops, imprisoned in bniZil. to re sign their Svics as a measure of reeoticihu.'iea oi a:l- ferences with the government. Warm Discussion in thc French Assembly. Paris, Dec. 5. The National Assembly lias bf" engaged in an exciting debate during the pt iwo davs on a bill supported by the clerical ''elnU!t.. for" freeing the university from the control ui uc State. Tiie principal speakers were Birhop b"!"1", loupe, Lcgitimatist, and Chalemel Lacour. I"1' deputy for Bonches DuBhoiie. Duj. anion r'- in course of his remarks to-day, pa-sionate.y that dang r to society was to be apprehend' ln- , the friends of those "who favored the slioot.r.i. the Archbishop of Paris. This remark pcc- a great tumult in the Chamber. I'pou the re i' tion of order, Chalemel Lacour retorted -V' Bishop Dupanloupe in a speech of great titte: r.i . He said he left such personalities to the J-",1!;",-,, of honest men those who had some r.- r. the diirnbj- of the Fiench cpiscopau.. m , conclusion of the discussion the bul passe i reading by a vote of Xi against L'. The St. Pi-trisliurg Congress. St. PnTKitsBVR.:. Dec. 5.-T1.C Kalian Royy.j ment has sent notes to various Powe""lV '" "to tv to participate in a conference to be held i lir w sumc the discussion of the question subo."lt the conference lately held at Brussels. Miscellaneous Xews. Lonixin. Dec. 4. A ship, supposed to be - the " ' otc Suiukrlaml. for Bombay, luus burned at .e twent v six of her crew perished. . . f;v- Five fresh cases of small;ox are rerrted i-.-erpool workhouse, among the steerage passe -the steamer .-tWof7xfbr. . f Tri:ii' Sir Arthur Hamilton Gordem, formeri . rf0; dad and Mauritius, Las been appointed Ue.ei.. the Fiji Islands. , O,,mi.!::;o'. Twenty rifles and bayonets, with an have been seized in Coik, and one ma" arrested. , .,,; that P" The fvireign oflice has dispatches sut "s Livingstone's journals have reached '-a1"-" v. ;. A telegram to the St-nxlant from -Ma.i.i arreMs i1:lvc beeu made in connection cent mutiny. SOUTH AMKltlC A. . .. ,,.i...iiiu Enilol Tli Argfiilin . rMV!V,d m Baiii, Brazil. Dec. -Intelligence is r- 'A:. I i,onf ti. i... lusi,.n of peace bete-(" ' t;. It the a- ft t'rv'.a 1 gentine Govern ment and Gen. j'u-.y. . oilicers and soldiers, nas oeen Lrv it is reported that a serious revolution a- out in craguay. Cien. Mitre Surrenders- Bt'FNos Ayuks. Dec. 4.-I1 oflicJaHy w that Gen. Mitre has been defeated. ,n f.rov closely pursued by Govcrnme-nt fe.M-. . tea. B terms of capitulation which w?"5 rej arwr. finally surrendered unconditionaby 1!mm. Peace has lieen restored in the P ,"' t of Pa"' Ayres. Government troops ar . m pur. - f uj. doiida, vhoeiJiarliasJ WEST IX1JIKS Sinking of a fa"nlh , Havana, Dec. 4.-The Spanish out noma Brooks, from Santiago "H.joVrilM. r.e namo, struck yesterday mornin on-. Uuantanamo, and sank rmmediateij . were lost. , . ... Jee't- The Rev. William II. Fclton has ed to the next Congress in Oeori- . Juli ner verv similar to the election ot i r Jt II. Seefve, in Massuchuseiw- tVS' :n T V;n Independent Democrat, elected in . cratic district, and Dr. Seelye w an , InJI ent Republican, elected m a .H' lils ' trict. iloth vee suported at trie I f.J u: protest against the decrees of cauc.u .. as known, these two are the onH in the membership elect. O o I. o o o o O 0 fi to mi ad tin in Wo tin T Cit w-l) b i O , V'i. crn O j o COURTESY CF BANCROFT LI5RARY RY, UNIVERSITY CF CALIFORNIA.