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About The Oregon scout. (Union, Union County, Or.) 188?-1918 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 23, 1887)
r 'WOMAN" AND HOME. SUGGESTIONS AS TO THE CARE OF THE KITCHEN FLOOR. CnoktAg nnd Temperance A Useful Gnr w mrnt Married Women's I.lv" Soma Simple Heiiictllm SrlS.li rnriMits Need rf Hygiene Household Hints. The enro of tho kitchen floor is something ki which nil Rood housewives nro Interested, tor n kitchen l never nttrnctlvo where this h(M lecn neglected. No tnntter how neat and orderly the. list of the. room may be, if the floor Is not clenn the room never looks tidy. It is said that n nicely polished stove and a lean kitchen floor nro tho badges of good liousewlvo, and, however true this may lie, certain ft is that thuenroof these articks goes n good way toward Riving to tho room a tidy appearance. Many women, in washing a white, un etaiued soft wood floor, use Iho hot suds from tho boiler that is left after getting through tho fatuity washing, which is a very poor plan, indeed, for the tendency of suds is to.. -darken tho Iloor If tho boards nro not thor oughly HtiMid with clenr water nftorward. As these women seldom think of rinsing tho boards, the flooi-s of their kitchens always have ii dark, unenred for appearance. To keep a floor nice and clean Is not such very hard work if one goes about it properly. Do sure to have a clenu flannel cloth to begin with, for, there is nothing llko flannel for this purpose, and ola flannel underwent- is just tho thing. Hot water has long been the standing rule for washing floors, and with plenty of Map and energetic use of the scrubbing brush has often succeeded in whitening tho floors; but the best authorities now say cold wuteris tho best. Into n pall of clean, cold water put two tablespnonfuls of ninmouia. Sweep thor oughly Itefore commencing to wash tho floor. If the floor is very dirty soma good soap can Ito used, but usually tho ammonia is sufficient. No scrubbing brush is needed, for tho am monia more than lull en its plnce; nud really, if this liquid never tlid anything but banish tho scrubbing brush, it lias accomplished something for which nil womankind should bo thankful, for of nil tho articles in tho household for wasting strength, tho scrubbing iirush stands nt the head. The zinc under tho stove should bo thor oughly cleaned lefore tho rest of tho Iloor is touched, lie-in tho floor at ono corner of the room, and, If convenient, work toward tho door. Use plenty of water, ami only wash as suml! n piece of tho floor nt a tlmo as you can conveniently without doing much reaching, llnvo n dry, clean cloth especially for wiping, mid always wltw down tho length and with tho grain of the boards. If 'wiped across tho boards tho floor is apt to bo Btreuky. In wushlug each piece wash be yond the Joining line, so tlut when done ihere wiU not bo u dark mark between them, which there surely will bo if this is not done ifirefully. , Boino women prefer using a mop for this work, whllo others declare they cannot use rue, and would much rather go down on their knees to do it. For a woman who uses it propwrly a mop is tho best thing for wash ing tho kitchen Iloor, or, in fact, any Iloor. Any woman who uses clean, soft cloths and plenty of ammonia water, and good soap if desired, in mopping the floor, will lmvo just us nice, eleun floor ns her next door 'neighbor, Avho docs it In tho old way, boldcs snviug n great deal of strength and time. Boston Budget. Good CooUlm; utiil Temperance The condition of tho poor in so culled civ ilized countries is for tho most part wretched chiefly because the nmsso.s knew nothing of tho proper methods of preparing food, or of tho selection of it. They, ns n rule, waste their food fund in extravagant and injudici ous purchases, nud then they spoil half they !)uy through their culinary incapacity. Out of theso spolliMl'inuals out of ull this indlgei.t iblo, 'unpalatable food; out of tlut disgust which Midi barbarous cooking breeds arisen the craving for drink which drives thousands and tens of thousands to tho salojn for com fort and compensation. It may confidently bo asserted that not 10 jier cent, of tho men who drink do so solely 1 localise thoy relish liquor. When such a positive lovo of dri lls ex sin it is generally n symptom of disease. Mill mo led to diiuk or driven to it by external conditions most often, i.nd nothing is more conducive to this end fchan the miserable dieting which is tho com. mon lot of tho poor. Tho man who knows that ho has u wholesome, savory meal await ing him at homo is not likely to linger at the saloon. Tho life which grown up about tho latter placo is not a natural ono. Tho customers of tho bar took that plnce as an alternative quite as often ns Ix-cnuso thoy llko it, Thoy nro fugi tives from discomfort, from bad and rcpul- slvo food, from dirt and evil smells; not sel dom from tho foul moods brtsl in their womenkiud by misery and rum nud beor. Women uro driven to drink by tho hopeless ness of making homes for their husbands and children. Their ignorance of cooking nud housekeeping thwarts all their clforts, and they attribute tho squalor in which they veg etate to their poverty, and fall back on tho aloon ns a source of forgetfiiluess. Tench them or their diughters to cook, nud lit once light Is let in on their daikeuod lives. Thoy then hold a talisman which will bring their husbands from tho rum shop, and keep them at homo, which is more. They can then establish something llko n family circle, nud tho nucleus ilxed, now means of extending the wholesome Influence will develop of them selves, Tho whole character of tho average workiugmaii can I hi improved, elevated, Bwcctoued, by thisouo instrumentality. Teach tho girls tu cook, and an immense deal of fric tion will bo eliminated from modern life. Teiniorauconiid wholesome food nro natural nllies and partners, and bad food is tho great est incentive to drink thut can l named, lly nil means, therefore, let the cooking schools bo heartily approved and supported. Mow York Tribune. A Useful Garment. A pretty npnm is ono of usual shape, pleated Into a waistband, with n full bib or plastron front, gathered nt tho topor bottom. Tho apron is left tho whole width of the goods at tho lower part, and a snmll h1oo cut olt gradually a few Inches from tho lower edge, until nt tho waist tho goro cutting is about three Inches wide. A fow pleats arc fixed in tho waist of tho apron at each side, making a slight hollowing in tho center. Btltchona two and one-half Inch hand for tho waist; bow flrst on ono bide nud then on tlm other, so that no rough edges aro left. Cut a piece for the bib; turn up tho loner odgo on tho right bide nud run in two gather ing threads. Draw up to about tlx inches in length, und tho lower odgo to tho lower tslgo of tho apron band at tho back, stitching tho upper edge of the baud to tho bib, so as to hide tho ujr row of gathering thread. Turn down tho upper edge of tho bib two Inches on tho wrong bide and mako two rows of gathering about out-bnlf inch Iwlow tho top edge, to tu to loavo a little frill above. Fold is Ilttlo baud of btulf, six inches long nud ono inch deep; tlx it at tho Uck, and neatly arrange the gathering! on this, draw, lug tliem up to lit the baud tu length. rBey by hand and nrrnngo to sot well. The hems on tho apron and tho upper edge and shies of tho bib enn Iks trimmed with worK or lace, or tucks, insertions, feather stitch, etc., can oj employed to decorate, ji. nent way to fasten the bibs is to stitch two urrow bands about an Inch wide, and fasten them nt tho back o' the two upper cornerj of iho bib, pas them iter tho shoulder, and fstfen to n button o! Urn dress ubout halt wt down tho back. When the dress isnotfast.eit behind, cutth bands longer, cross llko braces, nud fnsten on two buttons, placed ono each side of. tho button that fastens the waist of tho apron. This nprou looks very pretty when mndo in ecru sprigged muslin, trimmed with lace; the bib odged with Inco and the lower edgo gath ered and sewed outbldo tho band, so that a frill of laco falls below tho waist. Bows of i Ibbon or ribbon waistbnnds aro ndded. With an apron to match n morning gown, tho lat ter will last clean half as long again. Phila delphia Times. Lives of Married Women. American women marry too early nnd llvo too secluded. Jinny nro scarcely out of school before they havo settled down As wives nud housekeepers. Tho cares of n family nre devolving on them beforo they havo tho strength and nervo to ix-rfonn them. One reason that our female ancestors lasted longer nnd had letter health was that their minds were not so much taxed nor the nerves so highly strung. They had tho full use of their powers. Their physical health wns better; their constitutions stronger. Those that hod much mental nctivity generally hnd sufllcient physical exertion to counterbalance It. Most women know not enough of tho laws thntcovern health and of tho diseases inci dent to their sex and children. How often do wo sco jxMjvlshness manifested by n sickly wlfo und mother Hint, by a knowledge of tho laws of health and strict obsorvanco of them, might bo strong nnd healthy, and fitted for her responsible nnd arduous duties! Tho mnjority of mnrried women, with families of smnll chil'ren, need more relaxation and n crcater variety of innocent ricrentlon. .Many of them become so chained down in bodv and mind by tho mention of household enres and labor that their health and spirits sink lienenth tho loud, and in ap pearance, strength nud spirits they grow pre maturely old. Somo housewives suffer much minovanco from bad servants, and some tier- form drudgery for which they aro unfitted. Tho Indoor labor performed by many Amer ican women is astonishing. What aitects tho body influences tile mind. When ono is worn and irritated It nets on the other. English women usually havo better servants nnd moro of them. They nro trained thoroughly for tho special department of houso and Kltcucn work. English women walk and ride moro, marry later, nnd have by nature lietter con stitutions. Virginia runny in Courior-Jour-ual. Vomit; Housekeeper Should Know That buttermilk will tako out mildew stains. That bottles aro easily cleuned with hot water anil lino coals. That old napkins nnd old tablecloths mnko tho very best of glass cloths. That it is well to keep largo pieces of char coal in damp cornels and in dark places. That threo toaspoonfuls of korosono put in tho wash boiler will greatly assist in tho lost rubbing. That if tho hands aro ruDlMXl on n sticic ot celery nfter pooling onions, tho smell will bo entirely removed. That tubs will not warp or craci: open h the precaution is tnken to put a pail of water into each, directly after use. Thut chloride of lime should bo scattered, at least onco a week, under sinks and in all places w hero sower gas is liable to lurk. Tin 6 it is an excellent plan to have n penny bank, to be opened onco u year, when a book may bo purchased or tho contents muy bo used in any way desired. That ono pound of lino tobacco put into a pail of boiling water and allowed to partially fool, when put upon a carpet with a soft brush, will brighten tho colors nud romove surface dirt. That turpcntlno and black varnish put into any good stovo polish, is tho blacking used by" hardwuro dealers for polishing heating stoves. If properly put on It will last throughout a season. That table linens should always bo hemmed by hand. Not. only do they look moro dainty, but them is never a streak of dirt under tho edgo after being laiiudricd as with machine jewing. Mrs. W. II. Maher lu Good House keeping. Same Simple lteiuedlos. For a soro throat, cut sllcbJ of fat, boneless liacon, pepper thickly and tlo around th throat with n flannel cloth. When stung by a beo or a wasp, mnko n paste ot common earth and water, put on tho place nt onco and cover with a cloth. For a cold on tho chest, a flannel rag rung out in boiling water and sprinkled with tur pentine, laid on tho chest, gives tho greatest relief. When a felon first begins to mako Us ap pearance, take a lemon, cut off ono end, put tho linger in, and tho longer it is kept tlioro tho better. For n cough, boil ono ounce of flaxseed in a pint of water, strain nnd add a little honey, ono ounco of rock candy, and tho juice of llnco lemons; mix nnd boil well. Drink as hot as possible. Often nfter cooking a meal n person will foel tired and havo no appetite; for tills beat a raw egg until light, stir in a little milk nnd sugar, nnd season with nutmeg. Drink half an hour before eating. For a burn or sculd, mako n pasto of com mon baking soda nud water, apply at onco and cover with a linen cloth. When tho skin is broken, apply tho white of nn egg with a feather; this gives instant relief, as it keeps tho ntr from the flesh. At tho llrst signs of u ring round, tako n cupful of wood ashes, put in a pan with n quart of cold water, put tho turn on the stove, put your linger In tho pan, keep it there un til the water begins to boil, or ns long ns It can be borne. llepo.it once or twice if nece ary, "Ii U" lu Good Housekeeping. RclfWU rnrcuU to Illume, A generation or two ngo plain American fathers nnd mothers did not entertain the fanciful idea that tho state should tako charge of everybody's education, morals nud habits. They Imlloved that it was their duty to keep an eyo on their lioys, nnd in cases of misbehavior they resulted without compunc tion to it tough hickory or a barrel stave. Thirty or forty years ago, if a Georgia father had Iteon told that his bixtien-year-old Uy was lu danger of having a congested brain from tho smoking of cigarettes, ho would have rushed the youngster out into tho back yard and sailed into him with a stick, lu those days people didn't apical to societies or n Woman's Christian Tenuernnco Union or the legislature when their boys went wrong. They Klmply made u family affair of it and straightened It out satisfactorily. The other day we said that there could be no great improvement in moral until wo re stored the thorough and illh lent system of family education and government which formerly prevailed. What we wild appUm directly to this cigarette evil. If boys nro to bo allowed to le their own nituteu, choose their companions and disjtose of their tun, we may ivt insured that tho majority will (cfcuptnanyvlecslh.it will Injure tbem'Tu ho future. Do you want your boy to grow up pure, honest, sober and Industrious? Begin your work on him nt home, nndkecpnt it. Good laws and good schools can never tako tho plnco of tho old-fashioned family train ing. Wo cannot nflord to hnvo n lot of tobacco hearts and congested brains pushed into so ciety nnd business circles. The great prob lems nnd gigantic concorns of this ngo de mand mon who enjoy tho largest measure of physical and tnentnf health. Wo must havo them at any cost. If they cannot bo pro duced under our present system, let us go back in sorno degree to tho common sense simplicity of our fathers. It will not hurt the youngsters; it will bo their salvation in moro ways than ono. Atlanta Constitution. The Knowledge of Sewing. A generation ngo it wns thought shocking if n girl married having no knowledge of sewing. Instruction in how to cut nnd mnko her own underclothing, nnd to do plain nnd flno mending of nil kinds, wns esteemed nt. important part of a young womnn'.s educa tion. Although sewing machines were prac tically unknown, most mothers modo nil their own and their children's nnd husbands' under wear. Now thnt shopwork hns to n grent ex tent superseded homo sewing, it Is probably cheaper for a woman to buy garments ready- made than to spend her timo in fashioning them herself. Still, sho ought to possess tho ability to do tho work should nn emergency nriso that would compel her to attempt It. Jinny n girl hns mnrried in utter ignornnco of nny sort of sowing beyond tho merest rudi ments, nnd has been forced to touch herself with inflnito pains to fashion tho tiny gar ments sho could not afford to buy. Even if one hns no skill in cutting nnd fit ting, sho should at least perfect herself in all branches of mending, from laying a patch by tho thread to darning stockings well. Tho list is nn accomplishment owned by fow. Nearly nnv nursery mnid will profess herself fully competent to mend stockings, whoso Inbors In tho shape of cobbled holes, knotted thread, and pulled fubf?j would disgrace tho merest tvro in tho art Christine Terhuno Herrick in Harper's Bazar. lliiylng tn Good Advantage. "Never buy nnj'thlupc because it is cheap," was ono of Poor Richard's maxims, and a good one, too. This does not forbid Jhnt fore thought that looks forward into tho future. nud selects what one knows can soon bo used to good ndvuntnge. At tho end of n season there nro always times when remnants and broken lots of standard goods may be ob tained for n very low price, because tho mer chants would rather sell them thus than to "carry them over" to tho next season, involv ing tho troublo of packing and unpacking, and of keeping capital locked up which might bo at work nud earning something. Thus white summer goods, ginghams, chambrays and various things of that sort may bo gotten in tho fall at n very low llguro often, and if ono has children or can forecast her own needs for thesa materials sho may often buy to groat advantngo. Cure should always bo taken, however, to purchase standard goods, and not thoso passing fancies of one season, which will bo suro to look very much out of place tho next. Boston Globe. Need of Hygiene. Besides being well ventilated, our houses should be full of light nnd Runshlue. Floors should be kept clenu, and walls and ceilings fre quently freshened. Sleeping rooms should be furnished with rugs instead of carpetR, thnt thoy may bo thoroughly cleaned ench week. Chamlier utensils anil crockery should bo kept icrupulously clean, and when possible tho windows of sleeping rooms should bo left open during tho day nnd nearly or quito closed at night, lu cold weather an opening of nn Inch nt tho top anil bottom of n window is sufllcient. Persons should never sit or sleep In n draught of air. Every sleeping room should have outside ivindows, opening at top nnd bottom, nnd sunshine nt somo part of tho day; also menus of ventilation. It would bo better for peoploto live In tents tho whole year round than In somo of the damp, dark places in which they aro huddled in our cities, whero aro no possibili ties of cleanliness or pure air. Mrs. E. G. Cook, ii. D,, in Demorest'tf. Gardening Tor IVonieii. That unhappy divorco between Evo nnd Eden has surely not been handed down to her daughters, for they nro today tho most en thusiastic gardeners in tho world. It is de lightfully frequent hereabouts to seo city women in wide sunshades and gauntlet gloves bending over their garden plots, digging, pruning nnd clipping awny energetically nt outdoor plants. "It is a joy without canker or cark, n pleasure eternally now." Day by day tho lovely living tilings grow gladly under earn and attention. If ono bo puzzled, fretted, cross or sorrowful, there is no panacea like n bit of homely gardening. Just try picking off the dry leaves, loosening the packed earth, hunting for blighting insects und generally doctoring tho niling shrub, ns well ns feeding nud petting tho healthy plants; it is like being gcod to children, they aro so i;rateful too in their perfumed gratitude. Now Orleans Times-Democrat. Girl mi Ilnmelmck, Tho wisdom of making young girls rido on tho right ns well ns the left side is very ob vious. Tho crookedness which nccompntnes all one sided exercise is avoided, and they be come letter horsewomen. Of course, differ cut saddles are provided, nud the old fash ioned saddle wltli its two upright pommels is quite discarded. The Princess of Wales In variably rides on the right side, owing to the stiffness in her right knee, which prevents her from bending it nil. She no longer rides in tho Uow, however, nor dare the young prin cesses rido there. Homo Journal. To Have PrMty Teeth, Tho Paris Figaro says that if you want your children to hnvo protty teeth you must begin with tho second dentition to press back with the linger overy morning tho teeth which have i tendency to project forward and to pull forward thoso which tend back ward. As a wash, boil in a tumblerful of A-ater a pinch of quassia wood with a pinch of pulverized caco.t. It strengthens the gums nnd whitens the teeth without injuring the enamel which covers the bone. Wusli tho month after each meal with lukewarm boiled water. Now York Sun, The Upilulit I'litnn. Don't place an upright piano with its Iwek to the wall. Sot it ucros a corner, the back to the room. Place a mirror in the back, draped on either sido with embroider! Oriental muslin. Groupn collection of hand somely po ted Oriental plants In front of this, Mid you will have converted nn essentially ugly piece of furniture iut-ia "thing of beaut uod a joy forever" to erybody but ymu parlor maid. New Yvrk Oo.nuerclal Adver tiser. Nupotiton' Trlf 'te. Perfect love is Ideal bappi.ess; both are equally visionary, fugitive, mysterious, inex plicabbv 13V0 should lie tho occupation of tho idle tuuii, the distraction of the warrior, tho rock of the kovereigu. Napoleon. "AGAINST SILVER' GAS.'" WARNING WORDS CONCERNING OR DINARY DRAIN OR CESSPOOL AIR. Kvll KfTrcts Which Are Cuinulntlvo In the Human System Tho Worst Gases Often ld-rles KurlU Closets Two Snnltnry Injunctions. Sewer gas is not n simple substance of uni form composition, but it vnries in its consti tuents nt il liferent places and nt different times, while its effects nro not always tho same upon different Individuals or under changing circumstances. Ordinary drain or cesspool nir, in its usual state of dilution, is not deadly, otherwise most Ainericnn house holders would always bo ill. The fact that thousands of jx-rsons nro living amid leaky drain pipes, without serious annoyance, proves'thnt some forms of sewer gas nro less hurtful than others. An ordinary privy is harmless, but n tight cesspool, even if it contains only kitchen grease, may create sufllcient poison to des troy n whole family. Not long since three men were overcome on entering a cesspool at Newark, N. J., and two of them died from suffocation. At Cleveland, O., n similar catastrophe occurred. Tho bad odor of sewer gas is due mainly to sulphuretted hydrogen, which causes debility, boils and similar skin diseases, but ono may breatlm this compound in the chemist's lalKirntory with impunity. If ft erson, how ever, is exposi-d for n long time to such influ ences the effect Is cumulntivo nnd may ren tier him less liable to resist infection. On the other hand, habit may exert somo influence in tho matter. Any one on entering n crowded theatre or school, or a room filled with tobacco smoke, will feel discomfort nnd hardly Iw able to bn'ithe, yet in n few min utes the sense of nnno3-nnco will disappenr unless the person has very delicate lungs. Men working in sowers feel no bad effects from their surroundings, nnd persons nctivcly occupied nre less liable than others to suffer from breathing sewer gas. Plumbers com plain mostly of rheumatism caused by damp, but they nro often sickened by inhnling foul nir when working over oeu drains. Women nnd children nnd others who lend a sedentary life ore most subject to this poison. Sower gas may lio created where there is neither a sower nor n cesspool. Every inch of waste pipe that has leen long coated with givase, soap or slime will evolve offensive odors unless it is well flushed or ventilated. Certain forms of Iwttlo or reservoir traps are o:ily miniature cesspools. So long ns there is n chanco for filth to putrefy foul air will Ixs thrown off. All tho elements for fermenta tion an- present in wnste pipesbent, moisturo md animal matter. In an ordinary basin wnstotbo hot water, soap and scurf from tho skin nre sufiicieut material to start decompo sition. Much nlso depends upon tho condition of tho individual. If in robust health ho may live unharmed for years amid unwholo-omo conditions, but if prostrated by a slight ill Bess, or depressed by worry or fatigue, a single whiff of sewer gns nviy bring on seri ous results. A slight cold, in that case, may develop into diphtheria, or an ordinary fever Assume a typuoid lorm. Tlu risk of breathing sewer gos is not from the nmotmt of bad odor perceptible. Tho worst gnes aro often odorless. To quote a high authority, "there is always danger in breathing sower nir, nnd this dnnger is not In proportion to tho amount of bad odors present, nor can it always be overcome by being much in the oeu air. Tho danger is not so much a great probability of evil as a small probability of great evil." Many persons aro not susceptible to bad odors; others think such odors aro not hnrm ful uiiIimi they uro very strong. Still others become habituated to smells which, to a vis itor, soem very offensive. A faint, fetid, nauseating odor, which comes in slight puffs from a wash basin or bath overflow, is nl ways to be feared. A stench, ns from n barnyard or swill tub, is merely annoying. It is riot asserted that tilth alone can create disease. Foul pig stys do not generate ty phoid fdror, nor is a simple stench unwhole some. It is fermenting or putrescent llltli which Is dangerous to health, and tho infec tion is lielioved to be duo to specific germs of disease, which havo been transmitted from somo patient through the ngoncy of air, water, mi k or other food. Whero dependence is placed upon cesspools theso must bo made tight to guard against tho chango of soil nnd well pollution, nnd ubundant ventilntion must bo provided. All cesspools are abominations and makeshifts at best", and tho sooner they are abolished tho better. Almost any other method of sewer age is preferable. Earth closets aro practica ble in small communities or single dwellings, while what is known ns tho sub-irrigation system may bo applied in homes which now depend upon cesspools. "Ventilatol" "Ventilato!" "Vcntilatel" should be rung into tho ears of every house 'lolder. One cannot havo too much nir w ithin Ills drainage system. Air is nature's disin fectant nnd surpasses nil others. It is n safe guard ngninst leuks, rat holes, cracks, evap oration and tho ordinary wear nnd tear to which all niundaiio things are subject. Let the interior of drains bo constantly purified by n steady current of atmospheric nir pass ing through them, and diluting their con tents, and there need bo no anxiety nbout sower gas. Col. Wn ring's "Perfect Sanitary Formula" unbraces two injunctions: First, to ullow no organic decomposition within tho dwelling or within drains under uuhealthful conditions; second, to allow no drain uir to enter the house under any circumstances. I would add to these tho following; Drain, purify nnd ventilate; eradicate every hint of dampness from tho site and foundations; do tiot store up anything capable of decomposi tion, within or ubout your dwelling; let tho hidden things be revealed; use plenty of hot water, soap and elbow grease; let the broom and scrubbing brush bo tho scepters of domes tic supremacy; take nothing for granted, nud remember that eternal vigilnnee is the price of health, ns of liberty ; distrust amateur ad vice on matters of health; test nil things, but hold fast to that which is good and in accord with common sense. Charles F. Wiugute in Youth's Companion. llildeut foreigners. In Teklug. All foreigners reside in tho Tartar city, but tho glimjwo wo got of it was not more en couraging than what we had seen beyond its cntes; in fact, it all lool.s like n vast suburb. Tho street, ungraded nud unpaved, are dust swept in winter, and quagmires in summer, with greon suffocating pools in the hollows, that would create a pestilence in nny other climate, Tho heavy cart wheels sink into Iwttoinless.pits during tho wot season, and jieoplo have actually been drowned in tho streets, Tho odors then leggar description, nor aro they improved in tho dry season, , whon, to lay tho blinding dust, the sewers are opened, nnd overy afternoon the liquid from them is dashed recklessly about by means of a long polo with a bucket nt tho end! Gar bage and slops nro thrown in front of the houses, and the city scavengers, dog, rag pickers nnd magpies feast at their leisure. C U. AiUais in American Magazine. A LOT OF FAMOUS CRIMINALS. The Colony of New Caledonia IJettcr than tlie Slums of Paris. An Interesting account of tho present status of the notorious French criminals in New Caledonia lias been furnished by nn offi cial who lias just returned from that penal colony. The most respectable, ns well ns the senior, of nil the convicts is Berezovskl, the Pole who fired nt tho Emperor Alexander II during the Paris exhibition of 18C7. Frequent applications have been mndo for the libera tion of Berezovskl, but they have all leeii tWnist.,1 Hi. I nniv Iti tlip t1ntld nt Noll. where he occupies a little room apart from all tho bail diameters, ond has even n small t garden for himself. Ho roams about the island, which is one-fourth of the size of Paris, at his own sweet will, and his conduct has always lieen irreproachable. He receives a largo quantity of newspapers, books and pamphlets from different countries by every mail. Berezovskl is now old and feeble to nn extremo degree. Of n different class nro Gillies nnd Abndio, the murderers of tho Pans grocer Lecercle. Thee worthies are employed as street scav engers nt Noumea, nnd their occupation is looked tqioii by their companions in penal servitude us n good one, for it is easy, and nlo enables them to pick up bits of tobacco and various odds and ends, including occasional alius. Guichard, who mur dered a bank messenger nt Marseilles, is doing well as a store clerk, and hopes one day, if not to get to Australia, nt least to settlo down in Now Caledonia as n colonist. Ono of tho most comfortable and thriving of the convicts is Fennyrou, tliti chemist of tho Boulov srd Mulesherhcs, who led tho lover of . is wife into an umbusli nt Clin ou, nud then murdeted him in a most atrocious maimer. This criminal has passed through tho various categories until ho arrived nmong the first class convicts. lie has a share in a farm, which he and his wife superintend, and he has under his orders some of tho lower class of criminals. His life sentence has been commuted to ono of twenty years. Th-j doc tor who was condemned last year for having sent poisoned game to n colleague is giving satisfaction, and hopes to Iki nblo to nttniu the privileges nci'orded to Fennyrou. On tho whole, tho educated criminals, even those who are undergoing sentences for seri ous crimes, aro highly spoken of by tho Gov ernor of Noumea, anil the most unmitigated rascals are the Paris gamins and ths brutish peasants or laborers, most of whom aro mur dei ers. Every year a certain number of theso has to be shot down. Tho official who Uses his revolver against tho convicts is tried as a 'formality by a court martial und acquitted. The number of convicts is 10,000 or more, and there nro in addition 340 female convicts, wlio, however, were sent out to Ncumen of their own accord 1 rout tho Maison Centrnlo f Paris for tho purpose of niarr.ying flrst lass misdemeanants. Theso women are su pervised by nuns. Tlioro uro on the inland '500 warders. Tho number of fli-st class con victs amounts to 1,000, and somo of Chem, like Fennyrou, havo been allowed tosnd for their ws. The state furnishes them with igncuiu.-al implements, food, and even u lew hea.i jI cattle, when they aro jieniiitted o begin fanning, and they genenilly con trive to ilo well. Another class, apart from all tlio others, is composed of skilled trades men and mechanics, musicians, and even ac tors. Theso havo n savings bank ot their jwn, n kind of club, and are almost too pros erous for convicts. The bandsmen nre said to lie as good as 11111113- regimental performers, mil they play programmes of select music belor tho governor's mansion twioo n ireek, tiesidw giving occasional concerto. 3'rom this it will be seen thnt the lifo of mony con victs is fnr tietter than that which is lad by thousands in tho slums of Puris, and is no wonder that, bitch being tho case, numerous transgressors against tho law of the land, in luding thoso who commit tho most terrible crimes, should view with longing and delight their dispatch to New Caledonia by tho clem jut. mandate of the president of tho republic. London Telegraph. A Modest Millionaire. Ill his former days of prosperity tho per--onal habits of Mr. Henry Villard nud his ..imily were of tho most modest character. V friend who saw tho family ot tho opera 1 escribes the sceno as follows: "In looking tbout mo at tho new opera house the other veiling -it is tho thing to look about you up r.here; the boxes would bo awfully cut up if ou did not rako them nil over I noticed ierojs the nislo from whero I sat (mine was nly a poor ?5 orchestra, chair) a family of three father, mother nnd daughter. I was particularly struck by the plainness of their appearance, contrasted with tho glint and 'litter of tho rest of tho houso. They wero well enough dreSsed, tho father in evening .nit, tho mother in a white crejio shawl and tionnet; the daughter, a fresh looking girl in her teens, wore a brown silk dress and a black felt hat, trimmed with feathers, set square upon her head. She evidently felt tho cold winds that rushed through tho lower part of U10 house, and had pulled across her shoul ders a white worsted breakfast shawl. I lon't think that there is anything in tho way of a wrap much uglier than ono of theso crocheted breakfast shawls; but I liked tho girl's independence in wearing it. I will wager a 510 bill that there was not another in tho house, nnd, what is more, not another young lady in tho houso who would hnvo 1- d to wear one. In chatting with n friend between tho nets I said, for want of something hotter to say, 1 wonder if that girl wear.su breakfast shawl to tho opera because she likes it, or because sho can't nfford a cloak.' Ho looked and laughed. 'That girl could afford to wear twenty opera cloaks if sho wanted to. Don't you know who sho isi' 'No,' said I. 'Is she nuybodyl' 'Well, her father is; that big, Gennan looking man sitting by her side is her father, and his name is Henry Villard, and his business the Northern Pacific rail road, as you are probably awure.' For onco I saw a millionaire who did not flaunt his millions, who sat in nn orchestra se-it rather than in a box, wIiomj wife wns not sown with diamonds, nnd whoso daughter could wear n worsted breakfast shawl to the opera." A millionaire who, together with his family, could Iks ns modest as this in tho days of ids prosperity will find few who will not wish him tho very lnsst success in these days of his returning good fortune. Now York Graphic A Hill for S13.000. Tho fees demanded by eminent Now York lawyers nro toldom small, A prominent lawyer 1 elates that 111 a matter of litigation ho recently called in the services of n dis tinguished Wall btreet attorney, whoso career in public lile hns given him great promin ence. The affair terminated in n settlement outside of the court, pending which s mo dinners wero given, at which tho principals and their attorneys cnnie together. When the liattker nsfced tor his bill from tho nttor ney tho figures were 15,000. It struck tho nun of money tliat this wns a trifle high, nnd ho aikftl for nn Itemized account. The item iied bill read as follows: To retaaior $5,000 To mtHtMlHiHM on five dinners at IHd- moiiloo'K, S,0tt) oaoh 1O0CO Tot-U S 15.000 The banker Is not likely to Invito lawyers to dinner hereafter. Row York Tribune, FRENCH MARRIAGES. SENTIMENT CONCERNING PERSONS WHO MARRY A SECOND TIME. A Memorable Series of Sermon Utile of Good Taste mill Ktlqtwtte Simple) Attire of tho llrldc Silver and Golden Wedding. French nuirrlngo customs nre now well known, so far ns they relate to flrst mar riages, but ns regards Second marrinces very little lias yet been written. Perhaps theso marriages lack tho romantic element which in nil human affairs is the sauce piqunute that "lifts the flavor." This muy' explain why so little notice is taken of then'),-.' There is a de cided disposition lu France to regard thoso who marry en seconded nbces as hnrdetied sinners or ns imbeciles undeserving of sym pathy. The popular sentiment on tho subject is to the effect that n ierson has only tho right to be horn once, to imrry once nnd to die once. Those who show a wish lo undergo any of these ojierntions twiee me suspected of gourmnndizo. It must lie udmitted, however, that public opinion ro-iwcting second mar riages is much more generous with regard to the man than with regnrd to tho woman. There is a social nnd religious prejudice ngninst the second marriage of women, especially when these hnvo reached middle age and have children. The religious prejudice wns remarkably illustrated a few years ago by Pore Didon, who, in the course of the memorable series of sermons thut he preached in Paris, and which obtained for him tho severe censure of tho general of tho Dominicans nnd temporary relegation to a little island in tho Mediterra nean ns his penunce, attacked tho practice of the second mariiago of. women with n vehe mence that profoundly astonished the congre gation, among whom wero somo peoplo who considered the sermon n grossly personal at tack. Tho eloquent Doir.inicnn had not done what the Latin proverb advises the discreet cobbler to do he had gone beyond his last. Ho had no authority to uso a pulpit for abus ing women who entered for the second timo tho matrimonial state. Tho sermon was printed in Pxtenso in somo of tho pnpeis, and made a prodigious commotion. Peoplo asked why the Dominican father was so hard upon women and so lenient toward men. Tho dis cussion took n turn thnt wns not exactly theological. Now, although Poro Didon was very imprudent in expressing his opinions so strongly, ho noverthrJe.-s caught up and put into words a floating religious idea, and ono thut is by no means of recent date. GOOD TASTE AND ETIQUETTE. There nre certain rules of good taslo and etiquette with regnrd to second marriages in Franco which aro usunlly onserved by tho educated classes. Tho whole ceremonial must be quiet and unostentatious. The festive pre parations must be on n modest scale. It is not considered becoming for tho bridegroom and bride to appear very happy. They must be s'lnto and calm, with on expression of re cucillemeut in their faces. Something is due to the memory of tlm dear departed. This is especially the case if-n lady is a widow. Sho iloes not take from her linger tho ring placed there by her first husband. Her second spouso would be considered a man of bad feeling and bail taste if ho objected to this mark of re spect paid to ids predecessor. Moreover, if the lady has children tuo flrst ring must ho re tained out of legttrd for tho memory of their father, nnd sho would 1 passing a slight uon them by taking it off. It theso children 'ire grown up they must not keep aloof from tho wedding party, but must bo present nt the ceremony. They are not expected to look joyful, but their nbsenco would give rise to scandal. The religious services must bo very simple without floral decorations or .inning. The widow nt her second marriage must not wear gray or mauve, for such colors would be suggestive of half mourning, which ier second husband might not take to bo a lelicatu allusion to himself. lloe color is .lso forbidden, on tho ground that it is too Tho headdress should bo a black or w'tito mantilla, with a low flowers scattered jver it certainly not orange flowers, which an only bo worn once on such occasions, nor h ysantheiuiiuis and scabiouses, which aro termed "widows' Ho were." A breakfast or 1 dinner follows the religious ceremony, but no ball is given in the case of a second mar-i-iage. Silver marriages nro very pleasing festi vals in France. When a couple hnvo com pleted twenty-five years of married life tho vent is celebrated with all the show of joy md festivity possible. In tho llrst placo, Micro is a religious ceremony in church, vhich has a good deal of tho outward form jf n genuine wedding. The lady is again ailed tho bride, and her toilet is superb, sup ixismg her position in tho world justifies it. The flowers which sho is oxpected to wear aro 'urge white ox oyes known in France ns reines marguerites. The bridegroom wears a iress coat. The pair nre surrounded by their liildren and grandchildren if there aro any. Ul relations nre invited, for a grand family mister is considered enseutial. A dinner is ;iven, followed by a bail, which is opened by .ho newly remarried couple, the lady dancing with her eldest sou and her husband with his shiest daughter. Golden weddings aro much rarer than silver weddings. Death only nl lows a very small proportion of married peo ple to live fifty years together. The cere mony is tho same as in the case of silver Weddings. There are ivw great-grandchildren ns well as grandchi.dren present, nud tho Md jieoplo open the ball with the eldest of tho last generation of their deceudants. Paris . Cor. Boston Transcript. Oldest of the Sciences. Metallurgy is the oldest of the sciences. It was born in tho efforts of the nlchemlsts to transmute metals into gold, und has come lown through tho centuries less changed than any other science. While the earliest records are not full nnd complete, tho nlloysi made in thoso old nges, and the slags found ibout somo of tho oldest workshops ihscov ;red, some of them dating back to the ngo of Hoses, show pretty clearly what tho metal lurgical methods of thoso days were, and show that they wero much tho saiuo ns the methods now in use. Tho slags give proof tuatlime wns used ns it is used now, und that sulphur wns a bugbear n.s it is now. What advances havo been made havo been more of a mechanical nature tha in tho wny of dis covering now laws or principles of chemistry. Public Opinion. A Window of Shells. 1U windows wero a curiosity, tuo flrst I had overseen In India where tho panes wero of tho pearl oyster shell, cut thin, nnd about an inch nnd a half square. This was the.Por tuguoso window. T110 labor of making great windows of such small pieces of shell neatly cut nud smoothed mut have been immense, even for ono building. At least one-half tho liht was obstructed by tho shell strata, nrd whon ono adds to this the wooden framing for the shells, there must have Iteeii a consid erable addition to the semi-opaqueness. But then this is Iudia, and it is always a study to keep out the glare of the sun, IIurpert Magazine. The electric light is now being used in th Scotch ftdicrio w ith great succua