r 'WOMAN" AND HOME.
SUGGESTIONS AS TO THE CARE
OF THE KITCHEN FLOOR.
CnoktAg nnd Temperance A Useful Gnr
w
mrnt Married Women's I.lv" Soma
Simple Heiiictllm SrlS.li rnriMits Need
rf Hygiene Household Hints.
The enro of tho kitchen floor is something
ki which nil Rood housewives nro Interested,
tor n kitchen l never nttrnctlvo where this
h(M lecn neglected. No tnntter how neat and
orderly the. list of the. room may be, if the
floor Is not clenn the room never looks tidy.
It is said that n nicely polished stove and a
lean kitchen floor nro tho badges of good
liousewlvo, and, however true this may lie,
certain ft is that thuenroof these articks goes
n good way toward Riving to tho room a tidy
appearance.
Many women, in washing a white, un
etaiued soft wood floor, use Iho hot suds from
tho boiler that is left after getting through
tho fatuity washing, which is a very poor
plan, indeed, for the tendency of suds is to..
-darken tho Iloor If tho boards nro not thor
oughly HtiMid with clenr water nftorward. As
these women seldom think of rinsing tho
boards, the flooi-s of their kitchens always
have ii dark, unenred for appearance.
To keep a floor nice and clean Is not such
very hard work if one goes about it properly.
Do sure to have a clenu flannel cloth to begin
with, for, there is nothing llko flannel for this
purpose, and ola flannel underwent- is just tho
thing. Hot water has long been the standing
rule for washing floors, and with plenty of
Map and energetic use of the scrubbing brush
has often succeeded in whitening tho floors;
but the best authorities now say cold wuteris
tho best. Into n pall of clean, cold water put
two tablespnonfuls of ninmouia. Sweep thor
oughly Itefore commencing to wash tho floor.
If the floor is very dirty soma good soap can
Ito used, but usually tho ammonia is sufficient.
No scrubbing brush is needed, for tho am
monia more than lull en its plnce; nud really,
if this liquid never tlid anything but banish
tho scrubbing brush, it lias accomplished
something for which nil womankind should
bo thankful, for of nil tho articles in tho
household for wasting strength, tho scrubbing
iirush stands nt the head.
The zinc under tho stove should bo thor
oughly cleaned lefore tho rest of tho Iloor is
touched, lie-in tho floor at ono corner of
the room, and, If convenient, work toward
tho door. Use plenty of water, ami only
wash as suml! n piece of tho floor nt a tlmo as
you can conveniently without doing much
reaching, llnvo n dry, clean cloth especially
for wiping, mid always wltw down tho length
and with tho grain of the boards. If 'wiped
across tho boards tho floor is apt to bo
Btreuky. In wushlug each piece wash be
yond the Joining line, so tlut when done
ihere wiU not bo u dark mark between them,
which there surely will bo if this is not done
ifirefully. ,
Boino women prefer using a mop for this
work, whllo others declare they cannot use
rue, and would much rather go down on
their knees to do it. For a woman who uses
it propwrly a mop is tho best thing for wash
ing tho kitchen Iloor, or, in fact, any Iloor.
Any woman who uses clean, soft cloths and
plenty of ammonia water, and good soap if
desired, in mopping the floor, will lmvo just
us nice, eleun floor ns her next door 'neighbor,
Avho docs it In tho old way, boldcs snviug n
great deal of strength and time. Boston
Budget.
Good CooUlm; utiil Temperance
The condition of tho poor in so culled civ
ilized countries is for tho most part wretched
chiefly because the nmsso.s knew nothing of
tho proper methods of preparing food, or of
tho selection of it. They, ns n rule, waste
their food fund in extravagant and injudici
ous purchases, nud then they spoil half they
!)uy through their culinary incapacity. Out
of theso spolliMl'inuals out of ull this indlgei.t
iblo, 'unpalatable food; out of tlut disgust
which Midi barbarous cooking breeds arisen
the craving for drink which drives thousands
and tens of thousands to tho salojn for com
fort and compensation.
It may confidently bo asserted that not 10
jier cent, of tho men who drink do so solely
1 localise thoy relish liquor. When such a
positive lovo of dri lls ex sin it is generally n
symptom of disease. Mill mo led to diiuk or
driven to it by external conditions most often,
i.nd nothing is more conducive to this end
fchan the miserable dieting which is tho com.
mon lot of tho poor. Tho man who knows
that ho has u wholesome, savory meal await
ing him at homo is not likely to linger at the
saloon. Tho life which grown up about
tho latter placo is not a natural
ono. Tho customers of tho bar
took that plnce as an alternative quite as
often ns Ix-cnuso thoy llko it, Thoy nro fugi
tives from discomfort, from bad and rcpul-
slvo food, from dirt and evil smells; not sel
dom from tho foul moods brtsl in their
womenkiud by misery and rum nud beor.
Women uro driven to drink by tho hopeless
ness of making homes for their husbands and
children. Their ignorance of cooking nud
housekeeping thwarts all their clforts, and
they attribute tho squalor in which they veg
etate to their poverty, and fall back on tho
aloon ns a source of forgetfiiluess.
Tench them or their diughters to cook, nud
lit once light Is let in on their daikeuod lives.
Thoy then hold a talisman which will bring
their husbands from tho rum shop, and keep
them at homo, which is more. They can then
establish something llko n family circle, nud
tho nucleus ilxed, now means of extending the
wholesome Influence will develop of them
selves, Tho whole character of tho average
workiugmaii can I hi improved, elevated,
Bwcctoued, by thisouo instrumentality. Teach
tho girls tu cook, and an immense deal of fric
tion will bo eliminated from modern life.
Teiniorauconiid wholesome food nro natural
nllies and partners, and bad food is tho great
est incentive to drink thut can l named, lly
nil means, therefore, let the cooking schools
bo heartily approved and supported. Mow
York Tribune.
A Useful Garment.
A pretty npnm is ono of usual shape,
pleated Into a waistband, with n full bib or
plastron front, gathered nt tho topor bottom.
Tho apron is left tho whole width of the
goods at tho lower part, and a snmll h1oo cut
olt gradually a few Inches from tho lower
edge, until nt tho waist tho goro cutting is
about three Inches wide. A fow pleats arc
fixed in tho waist of tho apron at each side,
making a slight hollowing in tho center.
Btltchona two and one-half Inch hand for
tho waist; bow flrst on ono bide nud then on
tlm other, so that no rough edges aro left.
Cut a piece for the bib; turn up tho loner
odgo on tho right bide nud run in two gather
ing threads. Draw up to about tlx inches in
length, und tho lower odgo to tho lower tslgo
of tho apron band at tho back, stitching tho
upper edge of the baud to tho bib, so as to
hide tho ujr row of gathering thread.
Turn down tho upper edge of tho bib two
Inches on tho wrong bide and mako two rows
of gathering about out-bnlf inch Iwlow tho
top edge, to tu to loavo a little frill above.
Fold is Ilttlo baud of btulf, six inches long
nud ono inch deep; tlx it at tho Uck, and
neatly arrange the gathering! on this, draw,
lug tliem up to lit the baud tu length. rBey
by hand and nrrnngo to sot well. The hems
on tho apron and tho upper edge and shies of
tho bib enn Iks trimmed with worK or lace, or
tucks, insertions, feather stitch, etc., can oj
employed to decorate, ji. nent way to fasten
the bibs is to stitch two urrow bands about
an Inch wide, and fasten them nt tho back o'
the two upper cornerj of iho bib, pas them
iter tho shoulder, and fstfen to n button o!
Urn dress ubout halt wt down tho back.
When the dress isnotfast.eit behind, cutth
bands longer, cross llko braces, nud fnsten
on two buttons, placed ono each side of. tho
button that fastens the waist of tho apron.
This nprou looks very pretty when mndo in
ecru sprigged muslin, trimmed with lace; the
bib odged with Inco and the lower edgo gath
ered and sewed outbldo tho band, so that a
frill of laco falls below tho waist. Bows of
i Ibbon or ribbon waistbnnds aro ndded. With
an apron to match n morning gown, tho lat
ter will last clean half as long again. Phila
delphia Times.
Lives of Married Women.
American women marry too early nnd llvo
too secluded. Jinny nro scarcely out of
school before they havo settled down As wives
nud housekeepers. Tho cares of n family nre
devolving on them beforo they havo tho
strength and nervo to ix-rfonn them. One
reason that our female ancestors lasted longer
nnd had letter health was that their minds
were not so much taxed nor the nerves so
highly strung. They had tho full use of their
powers. Their physical health wns better;
their constitutions stronger. Those that hod
much mental nctivity generally hnd sufllcient
physical exertion to counterbalance It.
Most women know not enough of tho laws
thntcovern health and of tho diseases inci
dent to their sex and children. How often do
wo sco jxMjvlshness manifested by n sickly wlfo
und mother Hint, by a knowledge of tho laws
of health and strict obsorvanco of them,
might bo strong nnd healthy, and
fitted for her responsible nnd arduous
duties! Tho mnjority of mnrried women,
with families of smnll chil'ren, need more
relaxation and n crcater variety of innocent
ricrentlon. .Many of them become so chained
down in bodv and mind by tho mention of
household enres and labor that their health
and spirits sink lienenth tho loud, and in ap
pearance, strength nud spirits they grow pre
maturely old. Somo housewives suffer much
minovanco from bad servants, and some tier-
form drudgery for which they aro unfitted.
Tho Indoor labor performed by many Amer
ican women is astonishing. What aitects tho
body influences tile mind. When ono is worn
and irritated It nets on the other. English
women usually havo better servants nnd moro
of them. They nro trained thoroughly for
tho special department of houso and Kltcucn
work. English women walk and ride moro,
marry later, nnd have by nature lietter con
stitutions. Virginia runny in Courior-Jour-ual.
Vomit; Housekeeper Should Know
That buttermilk will tako out mildew stains.
That bottles aro easily cleuned with hot
water anil lino coals.
That old napkins nnd old tablecloths mnko
tho very best of glass cloths.
That it is well to keep largo pieces of char
coal in damp cornels and in dark places.
That threo toaspoonfuls of korosono put in
tho wash boiler will greatly assist in tho lost
rubbing.
That if tho hands aro ruDlMXl on n sticic ot
celery nfter pooling onions, tho smell will bo
entirely removed.
That tubs will not warp or craci: open h
the precaution is tnken to put a pail of water
into each, directly after use.
Thut chloride of lime should bo scattered,
at least onco a week, under sinks and in all
places w hero sower gas is liable to lurk.
Tin 6 it is an excellent plan to have n penny
bank, to be opened onco u year, when a book
may bo purchased or tho contents muy bo
used in any way desired.
That ono pound of lino tobacco put into a
pail of boiling water and allowed to partially
fool, when put upon a carpet with a soft
brush, will brighten tho colors nud romove
surface dirt.
That turpcntlno and black varnish put into
any good stovo polish, is tho blacking used
by" hardwuro dealers for polishing heating
stoves. If properly put on It will last
throughout a season.
That table linens should always bo hemmed
by hand. Not. only do they look moro dainty,
but them is never a streak of dirt under tho
edgo after being laiiudricd as with machine
jewing. Mrs. W. II. Maher lu Good House
keeping. Same Simple lteiuedlos.
For a soro throat, cut sllcbJ of fat, boneless
liacon, pepper thickly and tlo around th
throat with n flannel cloth.
When stung by a beo or a wasp, mnko
n paste ot common earth and water, put on
tho place nt onco and cover with a cloth.
For a cold on tho chest, a flannel rag rung
out in boiling water and sprinkled with tur
pentine, laid on tho chest, gives tho greatest
relief.
When a felon first begins to mako Us ap
pearance, take a lemon, cut off ono end, put
tho linger in, and tho longer it is kept tlioro
tho better.
For n cough, boil ono ounce of flaxseed in a
pint of water, strain nnd add a little honey,
ono ounco of rock candy, and tho juice of
llnco lemons; mix nnd boil well. Drink as
hot as possible.
Often nfter cooking a meal n person will
foel tired and havo no appetite; for tills beat
a raw egg until light, stir in a little milk nnd
sugar, nnd season with nutmeg. Drink half
an hour before eating.
For a burn or sculd, mako n pasto of com
mon baking soda nud water, apply at onco
and cover with a linen cloth. When tho
skin is broken, apply tho white of nn egg
with a feather; this gives instant relief, as it
keeps tho ntr from the flesh.
At tho llrst signs of u ring round, tako n
cupful of wood ashes, put in a pan with n
quart of cold water, put tho turn on the stove,
put your linger In tho pan, keep it there un
til the water begins to boil, or ns long ns It
can be borne. llepo.it once or twice if nece
ary, "Ii U" lu Good Housekeeping.
RclfWU rnrcuU to Illume,
A generation or two ngo plain American
fathers nnd mothers did not entertain the
fanciful idea that tho state should tako
charge of everybody's education, morals nud
habits. They Imlloved that it was their duty
to keep an eyo on their lioys, nnd in cases of
misbehavior they resulted without compunc
tion to it tough hickory or a barrel stave.
Thirty or forty years ago, if a Georgia father
had Iteon told that his bixtien-year-old Uy
was lu danger of having a congested brain
from tho smoking of cigarettes, ho would
have rushed the youngster out into tho back
yard and sailed into him with a stick, lu
those days people didn't apical to societies or
n Woman's Christian Tenuernnco Union or
the legislature when their boys went wrong.
They Klmply made u family affair of it and
straightened It out satisfactorily.
The other day we said that there could be
no great improvement in moral until wo re
stored the thorough and illh lent system of
family education and government which
formerly prevailed. What we wild appUm
directly to this cigarette evil. If boys nro to
bo allowed to le their own nituteu, choose
their companions and disjtose of their tun,
we may ivt insured that tho majority will
(cfcuptnanyvlecslh.it will Injure tbem'Tu
ho future. Do you want your boy to grow
up pure, honest, sober and Industrious? Begin
your work on him nt home, nndkecpnt it.
Good laws and good schools can never tako
tho plnco of tho old-fashioned family train
ing. Wo cannot nflord to hnvo n lot of tobacco
hearts and congested brains pushed into so
ciety nnd business circles. The great prob
lems nnd gigantic concorns of this ngo de
mand mon who enjoy tho largest measure of
physical and tnentnf health. Wo must havo
them at any cost. If they cannot bo pro
duced under our present system, let us go
back in sorno degree to tho common sense
simplicity of our fathers. It will not hurt
the youngsters; it will bo their salvation in
moro ways than ono. Atlanta Constitution.
The Knowledge of Sewing.
A generation ngo it wns thought shocking
if n girl married having no knowledge of
sewing. Instruction in how to cut nnd mnko
her own underclothing, nnd to do plain nnd
flno mending of nil kinds, wns esteemed nt.
important part of a young womnn'.s educa
tion. Although sewing machines were prac
tically unknown, most mothers modo nil their
own and their children's nnd husbands' under
wear. Now thnt shopwork hns to n grent ex
tent superseded homo sewing, it Is probably
cheaper for a woman to buy garments ready-
made than to spend her timo in fashioning
them herself. Still, sho ought to possess tho
ability to do tho work should nn emergency
nriso that would compel her to attempt It.
Jinny n girl hns mnrried in utter ignornnco
of nny sort of sowing beyond tho merest rudi
ments, nnd has been forced to touch herself
with inflnito pains to fashion tho tiny gar
ments sho could not afford to buy.
Even if one hns no skill in cutting nnd fit
ting, sho should at least perfect herself in all
branches of mending, from laying a patch by
tho thread to darning stockings well. Tho
list is nn accomplishment owned by fow.
Nearly nnv nursery mnid will profess herself
fully competent to mend stockings, whoso
Inbors In tho shape of cobbled holes, knotted
thread, and pulled fubf?j would disgrace tho
merest tvro in tho art Christine Terhuno
Herrick in Harper's Bazar.
lliiylng tn Good Advantage.
"Never buy nnj'thlupc because it is cheap,"
was ono of Poor Richard's maxims, and a
good one, too. This does not forbid Jhnt fore
thought that looks forward into tho future.
nud selects what one knows can soon bo used
to good ndvuntnge. At tho end of n season
there nro always times when remnants and
broken lots of standard goods may be ob
tained for n very low price, because tho mer
chants would rather sell them thus than to
"carry them over" to tho next season, involv
ing tho troublo of packing and unpacking,
and of keeping capital locked up which might
bo at work nud earning something. Thus
white summer goods, ginghams, chambrays
and various things of that sort may bo gotten
in tho fall at n very low llguro often, and if
ono has children or can forecast her own
needs for thesa materials sho may often buy
to groat advantngo. Cure should always bo
taken, however, to purchase standard goods,
and not thoso passing fancies of one season,
which will bo suro to look very much out of
place tho next. Boston Globe.
Need of Hygiene.
Besides being well ventilated, our houses
should be full of light nnd Runshlue. Floors
should be kept clenu, and walls and ceilings fre
quently freshened. Sleeping rooms should be
furnished with rugs instead of carpetR, thnt
thoy may bo thoroughly cleaned ench week.
Chamlier utensils anil crockery should bo kept
icrupulously clean, and when possible tho
windows of sleeping rooms should bo left
open during tho day nnd nearly or quito
closed at night, lu cold weather an opening
of nn Inch nt tho top anil bottom of n window
is sufllcient. Persons should never sit or sleep
In n draught of air.
Every sleeping room should have outside
ivindows, opening at top nnd bottom, nnd
sunshine nt somo part of tho day; also menus
of ventilation. It would bo better for peoploto
live In tents tho whole year round than In somo
of the damp, dark places in which they aro
huddled in our cities, whero aro no possibili
ties of cleanliness or pure air. Mrs. E. G.
Cook, ii. D,, in Demorest'tf.
Gardening Tor IVonieii.
That unhappy divorco between Evo nnd
Eden has surely not been handed down to her
daughters, for they nro today tho most en
thusiastic gardeners in tho world. It is de
lightfully frequent hereabouts to seo city
women in wide sunshades and gauntlet gloves
bending over their garden plots, digging,
pruning nnd clipping awny energetically nt
outdoor plants. "It is a joy without canker
or cark, n pleasure eternally now." Day by
day tho lovely living tilings grow gladly
under earn and attention. If ono bo puzzled,
fretted, cross or sorrowful, there is no panacea
like n bit of homely gardening. Just try
picking off the dry leaves, loosening the
packed earth, hunting for blighting insects
und generally doctoring tho niling shrub, ns
well ns feeding nud petting tho healthy plants;
it is like being gcod to children, they aro so
i;rateful too in their perfumed gratitude.
Now Orleans Times-Democrat.
Girl mi Ilnmelmck,
Tho wisdom of making young girls rido on
tho right ns well ns the left side is very ob
vious. Tho crookedness which nccompntnes
all one sided exercise is avoided, and they be
come letter horsewomen. Of course, differ
cut saddles are provided, nud the old fash
ioned saddle wltli its two upright pommels is
quite discarded. The Princess of Wales In
variably rides on the right side, owing to the
stiffness in her right knee, which prevents her
from bending it nil. She no longer rides in
tho Uow, however, nor dare the young prin
cesses rido there. Homo Journal.
To Have PrMty Teeth,
Tho Paris Figaro says that if you want
your children to hnvo protty teeth you must
begin with tho second dentition to press back
with the linger overy morning tho teeth
which have i tendency to project forward
and to pull forward thoso which tend back
ward. As a wash, boil in a tumblerful of
A-ater a pinch of quassia wood with a pinch
of pulverized caco.t. It strengthens the gums
nnd whitens the teeth without injuring the
enamel which covers the bone. Wusli tho
month after each meal with lukewarm boiled
water. Now York Sun,
The Upilulit I'litnn.
Don't place an upright piano with its Iwek
to the wall. Sot it ucros a corner, the back
to the room. Place a mirror in the back,
draped on either sido with embroider!
Oriental muslin. Groupn collection of hand
somely po ted Oriental plants In front of this,
Mid you will have converted nn essentially
ugly piece of furniture iut-ia "thing of beaut
uod a joy forever" to erybody but ymu
parlor maid. New Yvrk Oo.nuerclal Adver
tiser. Nupotiton' Trlf 'te.
Perfect love is Ideal bappi.ess; both are
equally visionary, fugitive, mysterious, inex
plicabbv 13V0 should lie tho occupation of
tho idle tuuii, the distraction of the warrior,
tho rock of the kovereigu. Napoleon.
"AGAINST SILVER' GAS.'"
WARNING WORDS CONCERNING OR
DINARY DRAIN OR CESSPOOL AIR.
Kvll KfTrcts Which Are Cuinulntlvo In
the Human System Tho Worst Gases
Often ld-rles KurlU Closets Two
Snnltnry Injunctions.
Sewer gas is not n simple substance of uni
form composition, but it vnries in its consti
tuents nt il liferent places and nt different
times, while its effects nro not always tho
same upon different Individuals or under
changing circumstances. Ordinary drain or
cesspool nir, in its usual state of dilution, is
not deadly, otherwise most Ainericnn house
holders would always bo ill. The fact that
thousands of jx-rsons nro living amid leaky
drain pipes, without serious annoyance,
proves'thnt some forms of sewer gas nro less
hurtful than others.
An ordinary privy is harmless, but n tight
cesspool, even if it contains only kitchen
grease, may create sufllcient poison to des
troy n whole family. Not long since three
men were overcome on entering a cesspool at
Newark, N. J., and two of them died from
suffocation. At Cleveland, O., n similar
catastrophe occurred.
Tho bad odor of sewer gas is due mainly to
sulphuretted hydrogen, which causes debility,
boils and similar skin diseases, but ono may
breatlm this compound in the chemist's
lalKirntory with impunity. If ft erson, how
ever, is exposi-d for n long time to such influ
ences the effect Is cumulntivo nnd may ren
tier him less liable to resist infection.
On the other hand, habit may exert somo
influence in tho matter. Any one on entering
n crowded theatre or school, or a room filled
with tobacco smoke, will feel discomfort nnd
hardly Iw able to bn'ithe, yet in n few min
utes the sense of nnno3-nnco will disappenr
unless the person has very delicate lungs.
Men working in sowers feel no bad effects
from their surroundings, nnd persons nctivcly
occupied nre less liable than others to suffer
from breathing sewer gas. Plumbers com
plain mostly of rheumatism caused by damp,
but they nro often sickened by inhnling foul
nir when working over oeu drains. Women
nnd children nnd others who lend a sedentary
life ore most subject to this poison.
Sower gas may lio created where there is
neither a sower nor n cesspool. Every inch of
waste pipe that has leen long coated with
givase, soap or slime will evolve offensive
odors unless it is well flushed or ventilated.
Certain forms of Iwttlo or reservoir traps are
o:ily miniature cesspools. So long ns there is
n chanco for filth to putrefy foul air will Ixs
thrown off. All tho elements for fermenta
tion an- present in wnste pipesbent, moisturo
md animal matter. In an ordinary basin
wnstotbo hot water, soap and scurf from tho
skin nre sufiicieut material to start decompo
sition. Much nlso depends upon tho condition of
tho individual. If in robust health ho may
live unharmed for years amid unwholo-omo
conditions, but if prostrated by a slight ill
Bess, or depressed by worry or fatigue, a
single whiff of sewer gns nviy bring on seri
ous results. A slight cold, in that case, may
develop into diphtheria, or an ordinary fever
Assume a typuoid lorm.
Tlu risk of breathing sewer gos is not from
the nmotmt of bad odor perceptible. Tho
worst gnes aro often odorless. To quote a
high authority, "there is always danger in
breathing sower nir, nnd this dnnger is not
In proportion to tho amount of bad odors
present, nor can it always be overcome by
being much in the oeu air. Tho danger is
not so much a great probability of evil as a
small probability of great evil."
Many persons aro not susceptible to bad
odors; others think such odors aro not hnrm
ful uiiIimi they uro very strong. Still others
become habituated to smells which, to a vis
itor, soem very offensive. A faint, fetid,
nauseating odor, which comes in slight puffs
from a wash basin or bath overflow, is nl
ways to be feared. A stench, ns from n
barnyard or swill tub, is merely annoying.
It is riot asserted that tilth alone can create
disease. Foul pig stys do not generate ty
phoid fdror, nor is a simple stench unwhole
some. It is fermenting or putrescent llltli
which Is dangerous to health, and tho infec
tion is lielioved to be duo to specific germs of
disease, which havo been transmitted from
somo patient through the ngoncy of air,
water, mi k or other food.
Whero dependence is placed upon cesspools
theso must bo made tight to guard against
tho chango of soil nnd well pollution, nnd
ubundant ventilntion must bo provided. All
cesspools are abominations and makeshifts at
best", and tho sooner they are abolished tho
better. Almost any other method of sewer
age is preferable. Earth closets aro practica
ble in small communities or single dwellings,
while what is known ns tho sub-irrigation
system may bo applied in homes which now
depend upon cesspools.
"Ventilatol" "Ventilato!" "Vcntilatel"
should be rung into tho ears of every house
'lolder. One cannot havo too much nir w ithin
Ills drainage system. Air is nature's disin
fectant nnd surpasses nil others. It is n safe
guard ngninst leuks, rat holes, cracks, evap
oration and tho ordinary wear nnd tear to
which all niundaiio things are subject. Let
the interior of drains bo constantly purified
by n steady current of atmospheric nir pass
ing through them, and diluting their con
tents, and there need bo no anxiety nbout
sower gas.
Col. Wn ring's "Perfect Sanitary Formula"
unbraces two injunctions: First, to ullow no
organic decomposition within tho dwelling or
within drains under uuhealthful conditions;
second, to allow no drain uir to enter the
house under any circumstances.
I would add to these tho following; Drain,
purify nnd ventilate; eradicate every hint of
dampness from tho site and foundations; do
tiot store up anything capable of decomposi
tion, within or ubout your dwelling; let tho
hidden things be revealed; use plenty of hot
water, soap and elbow grease; let the broom
and scrubbing brush bo tho scepters of domes
tic supremacy; take nothing for granted, nud
remember that eternal vigilnnee is the price
of health, ns of liberty ; distrust amateur ad
vice on matters of health; test nil things, but
hold fast to that which is good and in accord
with common sense. Charles F. Wiugute in
Youth's Companion.
llildeut foreigners. In Teklug.
All foreigners reside in tho Tartar city, but
tho glimjwo wo got of it was not more en
couraging than what we had seen beyond its
cntes; in fact, it all lool.s like n vast suburb.
Tho street, ungraded nud unpaved, are dust
swept in winter, and quagmires in summer,
with greon suffocating pools in the hollows,
that would create a pestilence in nny other
climate, Tho heavy cart wheels sink into
Iwttoinless.pits during tho wot season, and
jieoplo have actually been drowned in tho
streets, Tho odors then leggar description,
nor aro they improved in tho dry season,
, whon, to lay tho blinding dust, the sewers are
opened, nnd overy afternoon the liquid from
them is dashed recklessly about by means of
a long polo with a bucket nt tho end! Gar
bage and slops nro thrown in front of the
houses, and the city scavengers, dog, rag
pickers nnd magpies feast at their leisure. C
U. AiUais in American Magazine.
A LOT OF FAMOUS CRIMINALS.
The Colony of New Caledonia IJettcr
than tlie Slums of Paris.
An Interesting account of tho present
status of the notorious French criminals in
New Caledonia lias been furnished by nn offi
cial who lias just returned from that penal
colony. The most respectable, ns well ns the
senior, of nil the convicts is Berezovskl, the
Pole who fired nt tho Emperor Alexander II
during the Paris exhibition of 18C7. Frequent
applications have been mndo for the libera
tion of Berezovskl, but they have all leeii
tWnist.,1 Hi. I nniv Iti tlip t1ntld nt Noll.
where he occupies a little room apart from
all tho bail diameters, ond has even n small t
garden for himself. Ho roams about the
island, which is one-fourth of the size of
Paris, at his own sweet will, and his conduct
has always lieen irreproachable. He receives
a largo quantity of newspapers, books and
pamphlets from different countries by every
mail. Berezovskl is now old and feeble to nn
extremo degree.
Of n different class nro Gillies nnd Abndio,
the murderers of tho Pans grocer Lecercle.
Thee worthies are employed as street scav
engers nt Noumea, nnd their occupation is
looked tqioii by their companions in penal
servitude us n good one, for it is easy, and
nlo enables them to pick up bits of tobacco
and various odds and ends, including
occasional alius. Guichard, who mur
dered a bank messenger nt Marseilles, is
doing well as a store clerk, and hopes one
day, if not to get to Australia, nt least to
settlo down in Now Caledonia as n colonist.
Ono of tho most comfortable and thriving of
the convicts is Fennyrou, tliti chemist of tho
Boulov srd Mulesherhcs, who led tho lover of
. is wife into an umbusli nt Clin ou, nud then
murdeted him in a most atrocious maimer.
This criminal has passed through tho various
categories until ho arrived nmong the first
class convicts. lie has a share in a farm,
which he and his wife superintend, and he
has under his orders some of tho lower class
of criminals. His life sentence has been
commuted to ono of twenty years. Th-j doc
tor who was condemned last year for having
sent poisoned game to n colleague is giving
satisfaction, and hopes to Iki nblo to nttniu
the privileges nci'orded to Fennyrou.
On tho whole, tho educated criminals, even
those who are undergoing sentences for seri
ous crimes, aro highly spoken of by tho Gov
ernor of Noumea, anil the most unmitigated
rascals are the Paris gamins and ths brutish
peasants or laborers, most of whom aro mur
dei ers. Every year a certain number of theso
has to be shot down. Tho official who Uses
his revolver against tho convicts is tried as a
'formality by a court martial und acquitted.
The number of convicts is 10,000 or more,
and there nro in addition 340 female convicts,
wlio, however, were sent out to Ncumen of
their own accord 1 rout tho Maison Centrnlo
f Paris for tho purpose of niarr.ying flrst
lass misdemeanants. Theso women are su
pervised by nuns. Tlioro uro on the inland
'500 warders. Tho number of fli-st class con
victs amounts to 1,000, and somo of Chem,
like Fennyrou, havo been allowed tosnd for
their ws. The state furnishes them with
igncuiu.-al implements, food, and even u
lew hea.i jI cattle, when they aro jieniiitted
o begin fanning, and they genenilly con
trive to ilo well. Another class, apart from
all tlio others, is composed of skilled trades
men and mechanics, musicians, and even ac
tors. Theso havo n savings bank ot their
jwn, n kind of club, and are almost too pros
erous for convicts. The bandsmen nre said
to lie as good as 11111113- regimental performers,
mil they play programmes of select music
belor tho governor's mansion twioo n ireek,
tiesidw giving occasional concerto. 3'rom
this it will be seen thnt the lifo of mony con
victs is fnr tietter than that which is lad by
thousands in tho slums of Puris, and is no
wonder that, bitch being tho case, numerous
transgressors against tho law of the land, in
luding thoso who commit tho most terrible
crimes, should view with longing and delight
their dispatch to New Caledonia by tho clem
jut. mandate of the president of tho republic.
London Telegraph.
A Modest Millionaire.
Ill his former days of prosperity tho per--onal
habits of Mr. Henry Villard nud his
..imily were of tho most modest character.
V friend who saw tho family ot tho opera
1 escribes the sceno as follows: "In looking
tbout mo at tho new opera house the other
veiling -it is tho thing to look about you up
r.here; the boxes would bo awfully cut up if
ou did not rako them nil over I noticed
ierojs the nislo from whero I sat (mine was
nly a poor ?5 orchestra, chair) a family of
three father, mother nnd daughter. I was
particularly struck by the plainness of their
appearance, contrasted with tho glint and
'litter of tho rest of tho houso. They wero
well enough dreSsed, tho father in evening
.nit, tho mother in a white crejio shawl and
tionnet; the daughter, a fresh looking girl in
her teens, wore a brown silk dress and a black
felt hat, trimmed with feathers, set square
upon her head. She evidently felt tho cold
winds that rushed through tho lower part of
U10 house, and had pulled across her shoul
ders a white worsted breakfast shawl. I
lon't think that there is anything in tho way
of a wrap much uglier than ono of theso
crocheted breakfast shawls; but I liked tho
girl's independence in wearing it. I will
wager a 510 bill that there was not another
in tho house, nnd, what is more, not another
young lady in tho houso who would hnvo
1- d to wear one.
In chatting with n friend between tho nets
I said, for want of something hotter to say,
1 wonder if that girl wear.su breakfast shawl
to tho opera because she likes it, or because
sho can't nfford a cloak.' Ho looked and
laughed. 'That girl could afford to wear
twenty opera cloaks if sho wanted to. Don't
you know who sho isi' 'No,' said I. 'Is she
nuybodyl' 'Well, her father is; that big,
Gennan looking man sitting by her side is
her father, and his name is Henry Villard,
and his business the Northern Pacific rail
road, as you are probably awure.' For onco
I saw a millionaire who did not flaunt his
millions, who sat in nn orchestra se-it rather
than in a box, wIiomj wife wns not sown with
diamonds, nnd whoso daughter could wear n
worsted breakfast shawl to the opera." A
millionaire who, together with his family,
could Iks ns modest as this in tho days of ids
prosperity will find few who will not wish
him tho very lnsst success in these days of his
returning good fortune. Now York Graphic
A Hill for S13.000.
Tho fees demanded by eminent Now York
lawyers nro toldom small, A prominent
lawyer 1 elates that 111 a matter of litigation
ho recently called in the services of n dis
tinguished Wall btreet attorney, whoso career
in public lile hns given him great promin
ence. The affair terminated in n settlement
outside of the court, pending which s mo
dinners wero given, at which tho principals
and their attorneys cnnie together. When
the liattker nsfced tor his bill from tho nttor
ney tho figures were 15,000. It struck tho
nun of money tliat this wns a trifle high, nnd
ho aikftl for nn Itemized account. The item
iied bill read as follows:
To retaaior $5,000
To mtHtMlHiHM on five dinners at IHd-
moiiloo'K, S,0tt) oaoh 1O0CO
Tot-U S 15.000
The banker Is not likely to Invito lawyers
to dinner hereafter. Row York Tribune,
FRENCH MARRIAGES.
SENTIMENT CONCERNING PERSONS
WHO MARRY A SECOND TIME.
A Memorable Series of Sermon Utile
of Good Taste mill Ktlqtwtte Simple)
Attire of tho llrldc Silver and Golden
Wedding.
French nuirrlngo customs nre now well
known, so far ns they relate to flrst mar
riages, but ns regards Second marrinces very
little lias yet been written. Perhaps theso
marriages lack tho romantic element which
in nil human affairs is the sauce piqunute that
"lifts the flavor." This muy' explain why so
little notice is taken of then'),-.' There is a de
cided disposition lu France to regard thoso
who marry en seconded nbces as hnrdetied
sinners or ns imbeciles undeserving of sym
pathy. The popular sentiment on tho subject
is to the effect that n ierson has only tho
right to be horn once, to imrry once nnd to
die once. Those who show a wish lo undergo
any of these ojierntions twiee me suspected of
gourmnndizo. It must lie udmitted, however,
that public opinion ro-iwcting second mar
riages is much more generous with regard to
the man than with regnrd to tho woman.
There is a social nnd religious prejudice
ngninst the second marriage of women,
especially when these hnvo reached middle
age and have children.
The religious prejudice wns remarkably
illustrated a few years ago by Pore Didon,
who, in the course of the memorable series of
sermons thut he preached in Paris, and which
obtained for him tho severe censure of tho
general of tho Dominicans nnd temporary
relegation to a little island in tho Mediterra
nean ns his penunce, attacked tho practice of
the second mariiago of. women with n vehe
mence that profoundly astonished the congre
gation, among whom wero somo peoplo who
considered the sermon n grossly personal at
tack. Tho eloquent Doir.inicnn had not done
what the Latin proverb advises the discreet
cobbler to do he had gone beyond his last.
Ho had no authority to uso a pulpit for abus
ing women who entered for the second timo
tho matrimonial state. Tho sermon was
printed in Pxtenso in somo of tho pnpeis, and
made a prodigious commotion. Peoplo asked
why the Dominican father was so hard upon
women and so lenient toward men. Tho dis
cussion took n turn thnt wns not exactly
theological. Now, although Poro Didon was
very imprudent in expressing his opinions so
strongly, ho noverthrJe.-s caught up and put
into words a floating religious idea, and ono
thut is by no means of recent date.
GOOD TASTE AND ETIQUETTE.
There nre certain rules of good taslo and
etiquette with regnrd to second marriages in
Franco which aro usunlly onserved by tho
educated classes. Tho whole ceremonial must
be quiet and unostentatious. The festive pre
parations must be on n modest scale. It is
not considered becoming for tho bridegroom
and bride to appear very happy. They must
be s'lnto and calm, with on expression of re
cucillemeut in their faces. Something is due
to the memory of tlm dear departed. This is
especially the case if-n lady is a widow. Sho
iloes not take from her linger tho ring placed
there by her first husband. Her second spouso
would be considered a man of bad feeling and
bail taste if ho objected to this mark of re
spect paid to ids predecessor. Moreover, if
the lady has children tuo flrst ring must ho re
tained out of legttrd for tho memory of their
father, nnd sho would 1 passing a slight uon
them by taking it off. It theso children
'ire grown up they must not keep aloof from
tho wedding party, but must bo present nt
the ceremony. They are not expected to
look joyful, but their nbsenco would give
rise to scandal. The religious services must
bo very simple without floral decorations or
.inning. The widow nt her second marriage
must not wear gray or mauve, for such colors
would be suggestive of half mourning, which
ier second husband might not take to bo a
lelicatu allusion to himself. lloe color is
.lso forbidden, on tho ground that it is too
Tho headdress should bo a black or
w'tito mantilla, with a low flowers scattered
jver it certainly not orange flowers, which
an only bo worn once on such occasions, nor
h ysantheiuiiuis and scabiouses, which aro
termed "widows' Ho were." A breakfast or
1 dinner follows the religious ceremony, but
no ball is given in the case of a second mar-i-iage.
Silver marriages nro very pleasing festi
vals in France. When a couple hnvo com
pleted twenty-five years of married life tho
vent is celebrated with all the show of joy
md festivity possible. In tho llrst placo,
Micro is a religious ceremony in church,
vhich has a good deal of tho outward form
jf n genuine wedding. The lady is again
ailed tho bride, and her toilet is superb, sup
ixismg her position in tho world justifies it.
The flowers which sho is oxpected to wear aro
'urge white ox oyes known in France ns
reines marguerites. The bridegroom wears a
iress coat. The pair nre surrounded by their
liildren and grandchildren if there aro any.
Ul relations nre invited, for a grand family
mister is considered enseutial. A dinner is
;iven, followed by a bail, which is opened by
.ho newly remarried couple, the lady dancing
with her eldest sou and her husband with his
shiest daughter. Golden weddings aro much
rarer than silver weddings. Death only nl
lows a very small proportion of married peo
ple to live fifty years together. The cere
mony is tho same as in the case of silver
Weddings. There are ivw great-grandchildren
ns well as grandchi.dren present, nud tho
Md jieoplo open the ball with the eldest of tho
last generation of their deceudants. Paris .
Cor. Boston Transcript.
Oldest of the Sciences.
Metallurgy is the oldest of the sciences. It
was born in tho efforts of the nlchemlsts to
transmute metals into gold, und has come
lown through tho centuries less changed
than any other science. While the earliest
records are not full nnd complete, tho nlloysi
made in thoso old nges, and the slags found
ibout somo of tho oldest workshops ihscov
;red, some of them dating back to the ngo of
Hoses, show pretty clearly what tho metal
lurgical methods of thoso days were, and
show that they wero much tho saiuo ns the
methods now in use. Tho slags give proof
tuatlime wns used ns it is used now, und that
sulphur wns a bugbear n.s it is now. What
advances havo been made havo been more of
a mechanical nature tha in tho wny of dis
covering now laws or principles of chemistry.
Public Opinion.
A Window of Shells.
1U windows wero a curiosity, tuo flrst I
had overseen In India where tho panes wero
of tho pearl oyster shell, cut thin, nnd about
an inch nnd a half square. This was the.Por
tuguoso window. T110 labor of making great
windows of such small pieces of shell neatly
cut nud smoothed mut have been immense,
even for ono building. At least one-half tho
liht was obstructed by tho shell strata, nrd
whon ono adds to this the wooden framing
for the shells, there must have Iteeii a consid
erable addition to the semi-opaqueness. But
then this is Iudia, and it is always a study to
keep out the glare of the sun, IIurpert
Magazine.
The electric light is now being used in th
Scotch ftdicrio w ith great succua