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About The Oregon scout. (Union, Union County, Or.) 188?-1918 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 19, 1885)
GREAT CATTLE INTERESTS. Deductions From Iho Burcan of Statis tics Ilcccnt Report. The Grcnt Area oT Country Uol In Car ing for tlie Ilovlnc. HI fly Mllltona Hating ami DrtnUtng. Tho bureau of statistics, says tho Phila delphia Press, has recently issuod a report of unusual interest relativo to our vast cattle Interests, in which special attontlon is given tho rnngo and ranch cattlo business of tho United States. It is only within a comparatively rocont poriod that tho pub lic havo realized tho mugnitudo of this in dustry. Tho territory ombraccd in what is commonly known as tho rango nnd ranch cattlo area embrnceB about 1,3GG,000 squaro miles nnd constituto 4-1 per cent of tho total area of our domain, exclusive of Alaska an nrca equal to that of Great Uritain and Ireland, Franco, Germany, Denmark, Holland, llolgium, Austria, Hun gary, Italy, Spain and Portugal, nnd ono fifth of Russia in Kuropj combined. Throuhout this vnst area, which extends into filtoen states and territories, tho In dian and tho buffalo havo been superseded by tho con boy and tho Texas steer. Upon theso cxtcnslvo plains, browsing and fat toning on tho public domain, ruam thou, sands of head of cattle, and every year droves of cattlo thus find their way Kustto tho slaughter-houses of Chicago and other points, and from thonco tho hoof is shipped to all parts of tho world. Thanks to tho development of our rail rond system, tho cost of everything theso cattlo fattened upon tho rich grass of pas tures of which at present aro as free as tho air they breatho or tho water thoy drink, hns been reduced to a sum which has mado tho cattlo tralllc from tho far west ono of groat possibilities. Tho freight chargo for transporting cattlo to Chicago from tho meridian passing through tho center of tho rango and ranch cattlo belt is about ?G.GO. Tho current rato per head from Chicago to New York is about $.1.80. Tho total freight chargo for transporting a steer from tho cattlo belt to Now York may, there fore, be stated at $11. HO. Add to this tho freight of tho carcass or tho ltvo beast to Liverpool or other European ports, which is not tnoro than as much again, nnd it will bo seen that wo nro likely for somo timo to como to utilizo theso far western plains in supplying tho Kuropoan world with meat. Tho rapid development of tho cattlo inter ests mny bo seen by a glance at tho sub joined tablo: Total No. Year. cattle. 1850 17,778,i)07 1800 25,020,010 1870 29,820,008 1880 115,025,511 1881 .19.417,782 Tho estimated valuo of theso cnttta ag gregates $1,100,000,000. Over 10,500, O00 of tho total number compriHo tho Texas cattlo and the rango and ranch cat tlo area north of Tcxns, constituting in valuo 28 per cent, of tho total valuo of tho cattlo in tho United Stales- Tho increase In number hns beon lamely restricted to tho rnnconnd ranch area. I With the increnso of entile raising in tho west and tho Improvements in transpor tation hns como tho comparatively now business of shipping dressed beef from tho west to tho cast. In 1880 this movoinent amounted to 15,080 tons; in 1881 it had reached 75,:i59 tons; in 1882, 011,110 tons; in 18811, 1.15,871 tons nnd last year 17!1, 007. Tho rapidity of tho growth of thesu shipments will bo somewhat a surprise to thoso English frco trudors who aro ud vising tho llritisli farmor to quit compotlng with Ainorica in raising wheat and try somo filing olso nanioly, cattlo raising. Hut this 1711,000 tons of meat is trifling compared witli tho possibilities of tho trado when tho shipping points of tho west iro fully awak oned to tiioimportauco of the trado. This, up to tho present timo, 1b exclusively a Chicngo enterprise, and tho eastern ship ping pointH wore chlellv in (lie New England Btatcs. Of the total shipmont of 17:1.058 tons of dressed beef, 172, 821 tons wore from Chicago, St. Louis contributing but, 203 tons, lluffiilo CI tons and Illinois 10 tons. During tho coming year, oilier cities, notably St. Louis, will engago oxtensivuly in tho business and tho shipments will bo greatly increased. T1IK NEW CHINESE MIXISTKK. Ho U It rllii il ;in a : iitloniiin ol ituii culture. Tho new Chincso minister, says a Wash ington dispatch, is described by nn attach of tho legation as a gcntloman of high cul turo, who lias hold many important posl tlons in tho empire. Ho was superintend ent of tho circuit of tho province of Kclngsl, then superintendent of customs InCho Foo, and last year was a member of tho Tubing Yamen, which is similar to tho English ministry of foreign attaint or tho socrotarj of state in this country. Tho vicoroy has several advisors who hold about tho same relation to him as tho cabinot holds to the president. Wo havo no olllco in tho United States similar to tho superintondont ol a providence circuit in China. Chins Yin Huun Is a Mandarin of tho sec ond rank by brevet and a minister of stato of tho third class. "Ho i very progressive in his ideas," said Mr. Honscu. "Ho Is very fond of foreign articles, Ho is a man of broad and comprehensive mind. I havo never Beon him, but I am in formed that ho is a gentleman ol middle stature and between forty and fifty year ot ago. Ho is very wealthy. His hither was ono ot tho richest mon of his provinco boforo his death, and was known through all China for his riches. Tho now mlnistor travels In magnificent state wherever he goes.' "Dors ho speak English?" "No, 1 think not. Tho elder portion ot tho Chines population acquired their education before thu extension of commorco to any oxtent with English-speaking countries, and th numerous duties connected with tho olllc held by high porsonages provont thorn giv ing tho necessary timo to tho learning of English." 11,1 I.LAI) Ol' III.UK CHINA. Tbrro' a joy without ctukor or crk, Tliera't ileaura ctrrually new Tin to ime on the irlate ami the mark Of cliiua that' ol (, and that' blue; Who'd have thouitht thoy would come to u, who Thato'rr lout of an riuplrtt would haiy A veil ol Murrlalan hoc, In the rrlim of the llmpcror Hwang? Theie driKoua Uirlr talla, you remark, Into bunches of luUitlowrr kww When Noah came out of tho ark, DUUktu Ho tu wait for Ida crew! Jhry anortrd, they nipped, and they Bew They ere mliihty ot tin and of fang, And their iKrtrata Celratlala drew, In the rvltiti of the Kuiporor lUamr, llerii'a a it with a home In a park, In a prk where Ilia pMcliblottoiua blew, Where the lover cluptd lu the dark, IJviil, dint, and were turned Into two llriKht b'nl that eternally daw Tbromrii the boiulu of the May a they aam;i J1 a tale vraa uuduubtedly true In the rvliiu ot the Emperor Uwaug. Fix tho roosts so thu hunts won't hnvo to roost in u draft. It xlves them u THE NATIONAL FINANCES. A Ilccnpitittatlon of tho Public Iflbt Sot Forth on tho Int. Tho following is a recapitulation of tho debt statement issued September 1st (now form): tNTKnnSTnSAIlINO DBOT. nonilsnHKporcont $ 2V),000,000 00 Ilonds st 4 per cont 737.733.M0 00 Ilonds nt.1porcont. ItH.lBO.GoO CO ItQiundliitf certificates at 4 per cent..... S29.GOO00 Navy pension fund at 3 per m cont.. 14.000,000 00 Pncltlo railroad bonds at 6 per cont Cl,r,23,rii2 OT Principal 1,260,778,913 00 Interest 10.719.88J 0U Total f l,271,4Sfl.765 CO DKUT ON WniCH INTHrtRST IIA CBASKO BIHCB MATuanr. Prlnolpnl S Bml'l$ i Interest 223,780 81 Total 8 4,145.540 07 DEIIT nEAUtNO NO INTEREST. OM domand and local tender noto .. 8 (14(1.7.13.018 00 Cortillcatos of deposit fS0.8fi.".mO 0) (lold certlflcntca 12.I,H8.'..4!W 00 Silver certificates lW,n79,Hl 00 Fractional atinonojr 8.376.KH 00 1.08 estimated as lost or do- stroyod o.wni,nw m Principal.. Prlncfpnl.. C0t,C2U,8C4 8S TOTAL 1IBI1T. , $l,Sfi!),228,M3 14 lo,o.',;a:i 81 intorcst Totfd fl,RS0,178,175 113 Ifoductfon of tho debt i 2M,7C3,2U5 77 I.uis iostvo 1 old for lolotnp tion of UulUd States notes... 100,000.000 00 Total $ 3.-0,76.1,285 77 Totnl dout, less avallnblo cash Items.. ... $1,623,408.80 21 Net cnBh In tl o treasury 49,710,67a 09 Dobt, less cnsli In tho treasury Sept. 1, 1885 1,473,032,307 03 Debt, less cfinli in tlio treasury Alltf. 1. 1W 1,470,571,359 69 DocruaFo of dobt during month as shown by this gtatunioiit... 2,870,052 17 cash AVAibAni.R ron iushuctiox ok nisnT. flnld linlil fnr cnM cnrtlflcatcs notunllyoutitii.idltiK 8123,835,490 00 Silver hold tor sliver certlfl catcsuotnnliyoutHlundlmf.... 90,079,290 00 Uulteil States notoi nolo for c-nrllflnntPH of iln oilt. actual ly oiiUmnilintr...'. 30,805,000 00 Cnsli held for matin o 1 debt nnd Inton-st unpaid 6,031,435 Ofl EYiiol o nil eurroncv s.oi l TYilnl nvnlbililn for roduo- tiou ol debt 250,703.205 77 ItKSKUVK FUND. IIMd for redomptlo:! of Unlteil n-nti"i mi I on. iw.t of .llllv 12. 1S82 $100,000,000 00 UNAVAII.AIIt.B roil IIEIJCUITION OK DEIIT. l'rnctlomd silver coin 121,721.287 43 Minor coin 847.053 bO Total $25,571,311 S3 CASH ON HAND. Cortlflcntotliold nscusU Issued but not oiitRtandlnif $60,014,120 00 Net cash biilnnoo on lund 49,710,52 69 Total enoh In treasury in shown by treasurer's ginoral account 492,005,329 75 Dociiy ofa (Ireat I'renrli IiuliiHtr.r. A slory whicli furnislics its tiwn nioral is iiiiblisliotl in a Kroncli ):iku. During sovir:il conturius and up to tlio year 1880, liio niaiiiifiiuttirc of 'old atitl hilvut luces nnd fancy triiiinims con .slilutcd nn important" industry and was a sotircu of fircat jirolit lo till who wore oiifrnjji'il in it. In l'aris tho tratlo was prosperous and over 1,200 families were supported by it. About two years no tlio workmen concluded that tlio manufacturers were making too much monoy, ani, after holding a series of meetings, resolved lo strike for higher wages. Tho lnannfaeturers, who con cluded Unit they were masters of tlio situation, sent their orders to St. Etienne nml other places where the tratlo was carried on to a considerable extent. For a time thoy were promptly filled, but the Paris workmen sent deputations to all tho towns in Franco where these goods were manufact tired and induced their colleagues to join in the strike for higher wages. The strike of tho per sons engaged in this branch of manu facturing then became general through out tho entire country and it was be lieved that the manufacturers would be obliged to conform to the demands of tho workmen. They did not do so, however. Tliev sent their orders to (iront llritain, (iermany, Melgiuni and Norway, where men we're glad to work at the uty that Furls workmen had re ceived. 'The result of the strike was that tho men never returned to their work, for the industry in France was ruined. The men who endured in tho strike were supported for a time by tho memlicrs of other trades-unions, nut were finally left to look out for them selves. Itlostof them were ruined hnan eiallv and their families were in want of the common necessities of life. A few moved to other countries, where they engaged in their old business for less than they formerly had received, but most of them had no means to en able them to emigrate and became com mon laborers. Tho (JoviTimicnt t'lerk. So onorvatiiiB is the lifo iu tho de partment, through littlo work and suro pay, that tlio young man who has onco experienced its relaxing inlluonco losoa all good for active business life. Not long ago a gentleman acqunintnnco of miuo tried to secure the Hcrvices of u young fellow employed in tho Interior l)epartmont. The latter onco hud beon noted for his energy, quickness and activity; ho hud taken care of himaolf since lio was a boy. His early lifo had bred in him unusual habits of self reliance, contldonce and enorgy. Three yeiirs ago ho was ono of tho most faith ful, untiring workers. A littlo over n year ago ho soeurod, through u friend, n place in tho luterior Department, at it salary of $100 a month. It is u placo whero he has not tho remotest ohtuico of promotion. Through this year of non-action tho hid wis beon thoroughly ruined for netivo business. "When offered tho other day n business place with equal pay, with ohmices of promo tion, but coupled with n slight risk, bo fur us responsibilities nro concerned, ho refused to come out of his snug nest, whoro ho has nothing to do iiud no re sponsibilities, to take the chnuces that ii littlo over n year ugo ho would havo snatched at eagerly as tho foundation ol future fortune. Washington letter. A circus nover runs too long for the spectators, but lot t ronnon run over forty m nutes, and tho congregation can hardly nuiimgo to control tho r prolan it v. Quito tall: Who Is then tho sky-tall young man there, my young ludvr" 'lllo is thu son of tho Mr. l.oeeklo." anil what shall ho thou beoomor" llo is to the church iutunded." 'To thu churolt? SoP 1 tuouirut to thu A UUMOUS CALCULATION. The End of the World Figured Out, and the Terloil Fixed at 11193. Tho following singular and very curious calculation, by which tho ap proaching end of tlio world is deter mined, lias never before been mado known lo tho public, writes a Water loo, Kan., correspondent of Thu Louis ville Courier-Journal, and may bo of vorji great interest lo those who havo been studying tho prophecies, or watching "tho progress of human wonts. Ilelieve the results or not, as wo may, nevertheless hero arc tho ligtires, which any rentier can verify for hinisolf. If these results aro hero correctly foretold, then tlio startling facts stares us in tho facu that tho world is within iiftccn years of its close. In tho fall of 18!W tlio final winding up is to take place. Hero aro tho calculations. Lot the reader care fully examine them: To begin. There mo several im portant prophetic periods made known in the scriptures, and various dates, as well as significant numbers, such as the ureal period of 2,1100 yours men tioned by Daniel, thu period of 1,290 yours, and tlio poriod of 1,1135 years, llesides these there aro iu tlio book cf Itovclation other periods and signi ficant numbers, such as tho 1,260 years tho period of the woman's so journ iu the wilderness, 1,000 years tho period of Satan's beina bound, and COG tlio number ot the beast. Enoch's ago (.'10,'j years), who prophesied of the second advont among tlio ante diluvian sinners, is also beyond all question a symbolic number. Perhaps, liko the 3C days which complete tho ro7olution of "tho uarth around tho sun, making one year, so his !!05 years may be symbolic of tho great prophetic periods known as "days," ono grand revolution of which is to complete ono of time's great years and finish earth's career. "Sov en" is also ono of the Bigniliount num bers of scripture, and a "week of sev ens" or 7 times 7, still moro so. Tho student of scripture will readily recall frequent iiistaneos of tiiis significant figure 7, and especially tho moro im portant one of 7 times 7, or -ID tlio number of final completion, the finish ing of all mysteries, the winding up of earth's allairs. Very well. Now, take theso ligtires, add llicm together, and seo what you got: 2,!i00 yours, Dan's great period for the cleansing of tlio sanctuary. 1,290 years, measuring tho coutinu iiico of tlio "abomination of desola tion." 1,!!35 years, tho period of "blessed ness" to the saints. 1,2(50 years, tlio duration of tho woman's sojourn iu tho wilderness. 1,000 years, tlio binding of Satan. GGO years, the number of the "boast" who is to d into perdition. !tGo years, tho symbolic ago of Enoch tho groat prophet of the advent. 19 years, tlio number of final com pletion. Total. 8.2Go years. Now remember that boforo all the catastrophes denounced on mankind as the divine judgments against sin there were usually periods of "wait in r" beforo tho judgment full so as to afford opportunity for rupontanco and escape, and those periods multi plies of 10, as, for example, beforo tho Hood, 120 years; beforo tho conquest of Canaan, 10 years; ami boforo tlio fall of Nineveh, lOdavs, denounced by the prophet Jonah. Now add together 120 years of Noah's warning boforo tho Hood came, 40 years of Israel's warning Iioforo judgment fell on tlio guilty Canaanites, !U years that tlio witnossos layd unburiod preparatory to resurrection, ami tlirco years dur ing which tlio owner of tho" vinoyard came seeking fruit and finding none, at the expiration of which poriod the tig tree was to bo cut down, and you have as tlio sum. Now, to apply theso mystic numbers ami learn their significance, imagine your life divided into the four periods of childhood, youth, manhood, and old age, so as to get, it in its complete ness. Take your ago in vears. leaving off months and days, add it to itself three times (one for each of thesu four periods), adtl to it the mystic number 8.2G5 (the sum of the great prophetic periods), in order to ascertain the full sum of time's revolution, and divido tho amount by four (tlio number of universality, because the calculations apply equally to every human being), subtract front tho quotient tlio other inystio number lOtll (periods of warn ing given to man before tlio execution of linal doom), and from tlio remain der deduct tlio nuiubor of years you li'ivo lived iu tins sublunary world, and ou tret tho number 1,8UU. Now it matters not what ago you take, that of the little child or the old mini, tlio result is the same, tho om inous l.SDUJ always remains as tho ono latal period when every human lifo is to close. Hut tho ono your iu which every human career is to terminate and every life close must bo the linal year, the winding up. the conclusion of all sublunary tilings, tho year of doom. A singular confirmation of this cal culation is to be I omul iu the fact that, according to tin old Jewish tradition, tho world was created in the fall of tho year, of which tho old feast of trumpets, occurring in October, was supposed to bo tho memorial. And it would bu natural to suppose that it would be very appropriate for it to close its career on thu completion of one of its annual revolutions; in other words, in the fall of the ear. Ami so this remarkabo calculation plainly indi cates. The throe-fourths singularly points out thut fact. Hence, if thesu conclusions aro not erroneous, wo have tho startling prophecy before us that when earth reaches "ono of her groat milestones on the highway of time iu October, 1899, a mighty hand will be laid upon her and she will stop. Lot the world louk out for 1899. Durltiir our colouUl day a the cotton plant vs Krouu only In prlvuW garden ns a rr onUle. At llrt tlio Hut writ picked from tho toed by liuml, mid u jiouiiJ ot ohnnod Hut us n ilny'i work. I,et tkuiii ono hundred years up) mucUliiory of nay sort tat not droained o( fur mo with cotton, OmI) a littlo cotton Mat sium by baud, nnd knit by the nam uioaut lute huso. - 7Vnu fWm awl JAimcA, Tlio Stato or Jlnlne. Tho stato of Mamo is a good placo in which to experiment with prohibi' tion, but is not a good placo to farm in very largely. In tho lirst placo, tho season is generally a littlo reluctant. When I was up near Moosohcad Lake a short time ago, people wcro driving across that body of water on the ice with perfect impunity. That is one tiling that interferes with tho farming business in Maine. If a young man is sleigh-riding every night till mid night, ho don't feel liko hoeing corn tho following day. Any man who has, over had his feet fros't bitten while buirging potatoes, will agreo with mo that it takes away tho charm of pas tornl pursuits. It is this desire to amalgamate doe-days and Santa Clans that has injured Maine as an agricul tural hot-bod. Another reason that might bu assigned for refraining from agricultural pursuits in Maine, is that1 tlio agitator of tho soil finds, when it is too late, that tho soil itself, whicli, is essential to the successful propaga tion of crops, has not been in Use in Maine for years. While over tho stato thero is a magnificent stono foundation on which a farm might safely rest, tho superstructure, or farm proper, lias not beon secured. If I had known when I passed through Minnesota and Illinois what a soil famino thero was in Maine I would havo brought somo with mo. Tho stono crop this year in Maino will bo very great. If they do not crack open during the dry weather thero will be a great many. Tlio stonc-bruiso is also looking unusually woll fortius season of tho year, and chillblains woro iu full bloom when I was there. In the neighborhood of Fittsfiold the country scums to run largely to cold water and chattel mortgages. Komo think that ruin has always kept Maino back, but 1 claim that it has been wet feet. Tho agricultural resources of Fittslield and vicinity aro not great, tho principal exports being spruce gum and Christinas trees. Hero also tlio huckleberry hath her home. lint' the country seems to run largely to Christmas" trees. They were not yet in bloom when I visited tho stato, so it was too early to gather popcorn balls and Christmas presents. Hero, near Fittslield, is tlio birth plaoo of the only original wormles3 dried apple pie witli whicli wo gener ally insult our gastric economy when wo lunch along tlio railroad. Theso pies, whon properly kiln-dried and rivited, if fitted out with tho Yale lime locks, nnke tho best liro and burglar proof wormless pies of com merce. Thoy take tho place of civil war, and as a promoter of intestine strifo they havo no equal. Tlio farms of Maine are fenced iu witli stono walls. I do not know why this is done, for 1 did not see anything on theso farms that fin' one would naturally yearn to carry away with him. 1 saw somo sheep in one of those enclosures. Their steel pointed bills woro lying on tho walls near them, and clioy woro resting their jaws in tlio crisp' frosty morning air. In another onclosuro a farmer was planting clover seed with a hypodermic syringe, and covering it with a mustard plaster. Ho said that lust year his clover was a complete' failure because his mustard plasters were no good. Ho had tried to savo money by using second-hand mustard plasters, and of courso tho clover seed, missing tlio warm stimulus, nog lectetl to rally, ami tho crop was a failure. Horo may bo noticed tho canvas back moose and a strong antipathy to good rum. 1 do not wonder that tho people of Maine aro hostile to rum if thoy judgo all rum by Maine ruin. Tlio moose is ono of most gamoy of, the finny tribe. Ho is caught in the fall of tlio year with a double-barrel shotgun and" a pair of snow siioes. Ho does not bito unless irritated, but littlo boys should not go near tho female mooso while slio is on her nest. Tho masculine moose wo.irs a hair lip and u hat-rack on his head, to whicli is at tached a placard, on which is printed: i'i.i:asi: icmcr ovv Tin: ouass. This shows that tlio moose is a hu morist. Near Fca Cove L saw a strange sight. A farmer was rowing around his cranberry orchard in a skill". 1 stootl upon a stono wall and watchod him for some time, bocauso I am greatly interested in farming and dearly love to watch any one olso who may bo engaged iu manual labor. It was a long timo beloro 1 could niako out what lie was doing. At last, however, 1 figured it out, and I was very much surprised, indeed, for I hail nover soon horticulture cuiricd on lo that extent, and, as .Mr. Say ward would remark, "1 thought ho was car rying that thing too far." Many will doubt my word, and 1 would not have believed it mysolf if anyone else had told me. Hut the man was actually picking cranberries out of his submerg ed orchard witli a stomach-pump. I havo one of tho cranberries at home now. Hill A'yc, t'n (he lloston Ulobo. A Huekwoods Ilaiiquet. A backwoods banquet Is dooribod by a correspondent ot Tho Xein York Journal of Commerce, who obtained a night's accommodation at a secluded farm-house in Now Hampshire: "Iu the kitchen was a table, covered with a clean white cloth, which was scarce ly visible for tho multitude of good things on it. Chief in color was a central dish holding at least six quarts of mountain strawberries, tenfold richer in Havor than any cultivated berries, tilling tho rjoms witli thoir fruity odor. Flanking it on ono side was a two-quart glass pitChor of cream, so thick that, almost, a spoon would stand up iu it; :im' " l'10 orher side a like pitcher of milk, almost as thick as the cream. There is no milk iu the woritl. except perhaps in tlio Appen ded, so rich as the milk of Jersey cat tlo feeding on the lrghland grass of Northern Vermont and New Hamp shire. 1 pass over too solids which where on tho table, but count seven kinds of tint) eako, fruit cake, lady onku, frosted pound cuke four other kinds, without counting tho dough nuts." It U ocUitutud tlut Nlmi8k lit planUd ami tut Brewing r;Kl,0O),oad fo?twt ta'i. Thii Imood tor tMiuty-rlvo year' work FA113I MANAOKME.NT. Sowing Rye for Paunre Prodncinz Pork at ...v ... ,fi;ii..i Some Reasons Why the Kciilns: of Sheep Is so Unprofitable Oilier Topics. Sow a Field of 11) e. Ryo is ono of tho most important crops that can bo grown, not only for tho value of its grain and straw but on uccount of the variety of purposes to which it can be applied. The grain is readily salable, and is also fed to horses on somo farms, while its straw is considered superior to all other kinds, owing to its length and superior quality, as bedding. It can bo con veniently handled, and is clean and frco from dust as compared with shorter kinds. Every farmer should sow a Held of rye for early pasture It can be put in tho ground iu tho fall, as it is very hardy and stands the win ter in all sections of the country, springing up early in tiio spring, long before other grasses havo begun lo start. Farmers who have hud difficul ty in keeping their stock in healthy condition when fed through a long winter on dry food know how eagerly the early ryo is relished. Objections have been made to rye as containing ergot, which is injurious, but all grains and grasses aro equally unfortunato in that respect. Tlio diilictilty is duo more to improper management than to any injurious substanco contained in tlio crop. When stock havo been de prived of roots or ensilage, and eon lined to a dry diet, thoy are liable to cat too much green ryo whon turned upon it too early. IJy allowing tho stock but a short period upon tho ryo field in tlio beginning, and gradually extending tlio timo daily, but littlo iu jury will bo done, but if tlio stock re ceives no care, and the ryo lieltl is given up to tho animals, tho result will ho diarrhoa and debility. This may bo followed by abortion among tlio cows duo to physical weakness, but whicli is attributed to ergot. Tho i-e-sult is the same when stock suddenly secures a surfeit of early grass. As ergot seldom exists in young-growing rye, tho stock may bo pastured upon tho field until tho period arrives for allowing tho crop to attain maturity. If damage is done bv ergot it is whon stock is kept upon the ryo when in its advanced stage. Ityo also makes oxcollent pasturago in tho fall, though it is generally re served for spring. In addition to its advantages as a cattle food it is an ex cellent crop for sheep, whicli may bo hurdled upon it with economy if the hurdles are moved daily, as sheep graze very closely. To the poultry uian ryo is a boon, no other crop sup plying its place, and it will do much to prevent hog cholera when the swine aro confined upon corn, provided an allowance bo mowed and fed in con nection with tlio corn. Tlio swine will bo more thrifty and fatten moro read ily with its assistance than when corn alono is used. If good judgment bo exorcisod in selecting seed frco froiudisuaso or ad mixture of weeds, rye is a healthful grass crop. It is best to be suspicious of all grains, as spores may exist among them. Thoy may bo easily destroyed by soaking tho scetl twenty four hours in a solution of ono pound of blue vitriol (sulphate of copper) to four gallons of water. Then mix tlio seed with dry land plaster, and if intended for pasturage, sow as thick ly as the land will bear. Tho soil should bo first gotten into a lino con dition, and tho seed should bo covorod with a harrow. Ryo is the clovor of poor sandy soils. It thrives ami nourishes where" other grain crops would perish, but does best on good land or such as has been fertilized. If sown in tlio fall ami plowed under in tlio spring, and a slight application of lime given tho soil, it will furnish material for tho formation of humus, and will largely increase thoyiold of a coi n crop, which may follow it; but if Iho soil is poor it is best to plow under the ryo anil fol iow it with buckwheat "or millet, which may in turn bo plowed under beforo using lime. Ryo may thou bu sowetl again, and if plowed' undor in tho spring tlio land will bo greatly in creased iu fertility. Grazing tloes not injuro it as a grain crop, but rather benefits it, thus rendering it service able both for pasturago and for grain. Producing Pork. It has been charged against tho hog that ho docs not pay expenses on some farms. With tho cholera devastating tho bonis- in many sections, anil tho lluctuations iu tho prices for pork, hog raising hasrocoived quite a number of discouraging checks; but iu the major ity of cases the business has failed from not taking advantage of tho op portunities which present thcmsolvos on every farm. In thu first placo, tlio farniors must sooner or lator recog nize tho fact that good cheap pork can bo produced without feeding corn tlio whole year. The com crib and tho hog pen hnvo been mado nisoparablo, though at the same time there aro cor tain portions of the year whon corn is tho most inappropriate food that can bo allowed. Examination by exports into tho causes of diseases among swine have resulted in attributing such results to tho feeding of corn exclusively. Tlio corn itself in not roally injurious, but it is a lack of a variety of food that causes tho dilliculty. Com is a hoat iiii ami a fftt-forniing food, possess ing but littlo that serves to supply bono and (issue, hence the animal perishes in tho midst of plenty, simply boeaiifco tho Imdy can not renew itsolf, though loadod" down with fat. A growing pig li only oneuuiberod when tat, ami should bo supplied with suit able food for tho growth, but also with coarso, bulky substance that sorvo to distend the stomach, regulate the bowels and aid digestion. It is generally conceded that whon young pigs huo tho rt'ii of a clover imstiiro they thrive nud grow rapidly. Msoaso seldom occurs whon thoy aro so kept, and thoy apparently cause but little espouse. Rut somo farmers object to turning a lnrg number of hogs on ihrtolovor, claiming that thov do enough damage to more than off set tho gain over the plan of fuelling Ilium in conlituuuont. The hog, there fore, may bo made an expensive tuii uul ualew fed iu such r inauner us to utilizo tlia. which would bo of but lit tlo value, in addition to moro costlv substances. By feeding tho sows well when tlio pigs como iu thoy will pro vide sufficient nourishment to give the pigs n good start. This is a very im portant point to observe, as tho lirst six weeks of a pig's cxistenco deter mines his uscluluess in the future. Thoy should never be ullowed to miss a meal, nnd should bo pushed forward as rapidly as possible, both by feeding the dam highly and providing them with a variety of food. It the pasture is too valuable for the pigs tho cheapest mode of feeding them is to allow a thin slop three times a day, made of water and shipstufl (middlings). No corn or nioal should be used in any form, as growth is the object that should bo sought. Rotween tho threo meals cut tho clover nud throw it into the pen for them. And not only clover, but weeds and unde sirable grasses. A hog. liko a sheep, will consume nearly all plants that come up on tiio farm, and will thrive weli on ninny kinds that aro of no valuo otherwise. Furslaino ami plan tain aro delicacies to a hog, and even crap grass is eagerly devoured by him. Cooked food has not been recommend, ed, as it may entail labor, but the roots aro excellent. Potatoes, turnips boots, carrots, parsnips and sweet po tatoes give largo yields, and, with clover and woods will furnish an ex cellent variety, enabling the soft mess of shipstulV to bo reduced to ono a day tho evening meal. With a variety of such footl tho cost of procuring pork will bo very little, especially it thero is a suHiciut number of animals to compel the constant care of ono person. When the" pigs havo become hogs, and their frames aro largo and ready for receiving the fat. thou tlio corn may be fed and tho hogs mado ready for tlio butcher as soon as pos sible, but even when footling corn it should lie fed in connection with bulky food, and tlio animals will thrive bet ter and gain more rapidly. Keeping Slieop. Just now when wool is bringing low prices tlio remark is frequently madu '.'Keeping sheep don t pay. ' it is oo lieved, liowovcr, that sheep properly managed will pay as well as any va riety of live stock or any branch ol fanning. We may, therefore, proper ly consider the question, how can they be made to pay ami why thoy do not pay now. One reason why ehecp do not paj- is that thoy aro not kept woll enough. Thero is a greater tendency to over stock with sheep than with any other stock, and in consequence thoy do not havo enough or the right kind of feed. Our common Merinos, which arj greatly the majority in numbers, need pasture on dry soil. They do not liko rank herbage or wet soils. Tho latter are absolutely unhealthy for them, nnd while lliey may run on them iu tho early part of tho season, they should not be confined to them then, and lator in tlio fall should bo abso lutely excluded from them. Some of tho British broods will endure wet soils better than the Merino. Second, although Merino sheep will run in largo Hooks and do woll, thoy will do much bettor in smaller Hocks, and unless tho Hooks aro small and tho rango abundant thoy will do better for ireuuent change of pasture. Wo think a Hold divided anil "the shoep turned in each half alternately for ono or two weeks, nover allowing tho grass to got vory rank, will keep moro sheep and keep them hotter than if thoy wcro kept in tiio ono largo Hold tho whole timo, as thoy frequently aro, and yet with frequent chango and close attention thoy can bo woll stock ed with sheep and havo thorn d woll. Another groat point is bettor sheep. At this time, instead of soiling off tho whole Hook for littlo or nothing anil going out of tlio business in disgust, select a portion of tlio host of tho Hook and di-poso of the rest. It may possi bly be found that thoso kept will pay as much profit as did tlio wholo Hock and pay woll for keeping. On many cheap lands slieop can not bo oxpoctotl to do thoir best, but in such cases thoy aro generally tho most prolitablo stock that can bo kept. In England, on their high-priced lands, sheep havo been considered as prolitablo as any class of livo stock; and why should thoy not bo? It has been demonstrated that a good class of mutton sheep will grow as much moat on tlio same food as will cuttle, and although mutton docs not rule nuito as high iu prico as boot-, tho wool, even at tho present low prices, will more than make tlio difference in favor of tho sheep. This refers to mutton broods grown exclusively for moat. Thoy can bo turned olT at nn early ago and aro suited to small farms of ricli soil and good caro. In such places wo boliovo them prolita blo. Rut thoy need a little better feeding and more caro than many farmers aro accustomed to give to sheep. Of the great muss ot sheep on Michigan farms that aro of Merino blood "and aro kept for wool and in tho ond mutton, the) should bo bred with rororonco to size anil feed ng quality as well as wool, and turned oil to bo roplaced by youngor slieop as soou as thoy bogin to decline or vory soon af ter thoy reach thoir best. Thoro is no profit in keeping an old owe that has lost hof teeth, uuloss shoboawell bred ono iu a stud Hook. Rut thoy can bo found every whoro and aro a source of loss to the Hock. What tho ilocks need is not extermination, but hotter breeding, moro caro to growth and health and adaptation of broods to lo cation and use. In such ways can sheep bo mado to pay. Minor Topics. Young broods should bo fod sepa rate from oldor chickeus and adult fowls. A littlo salt in tho soft food given the fowls is acceptable to thorn. It should not oxceetl in quantity the amount used in food for the table. Paris greon can bo used to dostrov nearly all loaf-oatir.g insects which work upon trees beforo the fruit is hall rlpo. It is tlio most ell'eotivo of all remedies against the canker worm. It is also a good remedy for tho first brood of tho coiHling moth larvto, oi applo worms. London purple it cheaper than Paris greon nud may bt use'A iu tho iuuio manner. cold thut cutis lu roup. church steeple."