GREAT CATTLE INTERESTS.
Deductions From Iho Burcan of Statis
tics Ilcccnt Report.
The Grcnt Area oT Country Uol In Car
ing for tlie Ilovlnc.
HI fly Mllltona Hating ami DrtnUtng.
Tho bureau of statistics, says tho Phila
delphia Press, has recently issuod a report
of unusual interest relativo to our vast
cattle Interests, in which special attontlon
is given tho rnngo and ranch cattlo business
of tho United States. It is only within a
comparatively rocont poriod that tho pub
lic havo realized tho mugnitudo of this in
dustry. Tho territory ombraccd in what is
commonly known as tho rango nnd ranch
cattlo area embrnceB about 1,3GG,000
squaro miles nnd constituto 4-1 per cent of
tho total area of our domain, exclusive of
Alaska an nrca equal to that of Great
Uritain and Ireland, Franco, Germany,
Denmark, Holland, llolgium, Austria, Hun
gary, Italy, Spain and Portugal, nnd ono
fifth of Russia in Kuropj combined.
Throuhout this vnst area, which extends
into filtoen states and territories, tho In
dian and tho buffalo havo been superseded
by tho con boy and tho Texas steer. Upon
theso cxtcnslvo plains, browsing and fat
toning on tho public domain, ruam thou,
sands of head of cattle, and every year
droves of cattlo thus find their way Kustto
tho slaughter-houses of Chicago and other
points, and from thonco tho hoof is shipped
to all parts of tho world.
Thanks to tho development of our rail
rond system, tho cost of everything theso
cattlo fattened upon tho rich grass of pas
tures of which at present aro as free as tho
air they breatho or tho water thoy drink,
hns been reduced to a sum which has mado
tho cattlo tralllc from tho far west ono of
groat possibilities. Tho freight chargo for
transporting cattlo to Chicago from tho
meridian passing through tho center of tho
rango and ranch cattlo belt is about ?G.GO.
Tho current rato per head from Chicago to
New York is about $.1.80. Tho total
freight chargo for transporting a steer from
tho cattlo belt to Now York may, there
fore, be stated at $11. HO. Add to this tho
freight of tho carcass or tho ltvo beast to
Liverpool or other European ports, which
is not tnoro than as much again, nnd it will
bo seen that wo nro likely for somo timo to
como to utilizo theso far western plains in
supplying tho Kuropoan world with meat.
Tho rapid development of tho cattlo inter
ests mny bo seen by a glance at tho sub
joined tablo:
Total No.
Year. cattle.
1850 17,778,i)07
1800 25,020,010
1870 29,820,008
1880 115,025,511
1881 .19.417,782
Tho estimated valuo of theso cnttta ag
gregates $1,100,000,000. Over 10,500,
O00 of tho total number compriHo tho
Texas cattlo and the rango and ranch cat
tlo area north of Tcxns, constituting in
valuo 28 per cent, of tho total valuo of tho
cattlo in tho United Stales- Tho increase
In number hns beon lamely restricted to tho
rnnconnd ranch area. I
With the increnso of entile raising in tho
west and tho Improvements in transpor
tation hns como tho comparatively now
business of shipping dressed beef from tho
west to tho cast. In 1880 this movoinent
amounted to 15,080 tons; in 1881 it had
reached 75,:i59 tons; in 1882, 011,110 tons;
in 18811, 1.15,871 tons nnd last year 17!1,
007. Tho rapidity of tho growth of thesu
shipments will bo somewhat a surprise to
thoso English frco trudors who aro ud vising
tho llritisli farmor to quit compotlng with
Ainorica in raising wheat and try somo
filing olso nanioly, cattlo raising. Hut this
1711,000 tons of meat is trifling compared
witli tho possibilities of tho trado when tho
shipping points of tho west iro fully awak
oned to tiioimportauco of the trado. This,
up to tho present timo, 1b exclusively a
Chicngo enterprise, and tho eastern ship
ping pointH wore chlellv in (lie New England
Btatcs. Of the total shipmont of 17:1.058
tons of dressed beef, 172, 821 tons wore
from Chicago, St. Louis contributing but,
203 tons, lluffiilo CI tons and Illinois 10
tons. During tho coming year, oilier cities,
notably St. Louis, will engago oxtensivuly
in tho business and tho shipments will bo
greatly increased.
T1IK NEW CHINESE MIXISTKK.
Ho U It rllii il ;in a : iitloniiin ol
ituii culture.
Tho new Chincso minister, says a Wash
ington dispatch, is described by nn attach
of tho legation as a gcntloman of high cul
turo, who lias hold many important posl
tlons in tho empire. Ho was superintend
ent of tho circuit of tho province of Kclngsl,
then superintendent of customs InCho Foo,
and last year was a member of tho Tubing
Yamen, which is similar to tho English
ministry of foreign attaint or tho socrotarj
of state in this country. Tho vicoroy has
several advisors who hold about tho same
relation to him as tho cabinot holds to the
president. Wo havo no olllco in tho United
States similar to tho superintondont ol
a providence circuit in China. Chins
Yin Huun Is a Mandarin of tho sec
ond rank by brevet and a minister of
stato of tho third class. "Ho i
very progressive in his ideas," said Mr.
Honscu. "Ho Is very fond of foreign articles,
Ho is a man of broad and comprehensive
mind. I havo never Beon him, but I am in
formed that ho is a gentleman ol middle
stature and between forty and fifty year
ot ago. Ho is very wealthy. His hither
was ono ot tho richest mon of his provinco
boforo his death, and was known through
all China for his riches. Tho now mlnistor
travels In magnificent state wherever he
goes.' "Dors ho speak English?" "No, 1
think not. Tho elder portion ot tho Chines
population acquired their education before
thu extension of commorco to any oxtent
with English-speaking countries, and th
numerous duties connected with tho olllc
held by high porsonages provont thorn giv
ing tho necessary timo to tho learning of
English."
11,1 I.LAI) Ol' III.UK CHINA.
Tbrro' a joy without ctukor or crk,
Tliera't ileaura ctrrually new
Tin to ime on the irlate ami the mark
Of cliiua that' ol (, and that' blue;
Who'd have thouitht thoy would come to u, who
Thato'rr lout of an riuplrtt would haiy
A veil ol Murrlalan hoc,
In the rrlim of the llmpcror Hwang?
Theie driKoua Uirlr talla, you remark,
Into bunches of luUitlowrr kww
When Noah came out of tho ark,
DUUktu Ho tu wait for Ida crew!
Jhry anortrd, they nipped, and they Bew
They ere mliihty ot tin and of fang,
And their iKrtrata Celratlala drew,
In the rvltiti of the Kuiporor lUamr,
llerii'a a it with a home In a park,
In a prk where Ilia pMcliblottoiua blew,
Where the lover cluptd lu the dark,
IJviil, dint, and were turned Into two
llriKht b'nl that eternally daw
Tbromrii the boiulu of the May a they aam;i
J1 a tale vraa uuduubtedly true
In the rvliiu ot the Emperor Uwaug.
Fix tho roosts so thu hunts won't hnvo
to roost in u draft. It xlves them u
THE NATIONAL FINANCES.
A Ilccnpitittatlon of tho Public Iflbt
Sot Forth on tho Int.
Tho following is a recapitulation of tho
debt statement issued September 1st (now
form):
tNTKnnSTnSAIlINO DBOT.
nonilsnHKporcont $ 2V),000,000 00
Ilonds st 4 per cont 737.733.M0 00
Ilonds nt.1porcont. ItH.lBO.GoO CO
ItQiundliitf certificates at 4 per
cent..... S29.GOO00
Navy pension fund at 3 per m
cont.. 14.000,000 00
Pncltlo railroad bonds at 6 per
cont Cl,r,23,rii2 OT
Principal 1,260,778,913 00
Interest 10.719.88J 0U
Total f l,271,4Sfl.765 CO
DKUT ON WniCH INTHrtRST IIA CBASKO BIHCB
MATuanr.
Prlnolpnl S Bml'l$ i
Interest 223,780 81
Total 8 4,145.540 07
DEIIT nEAUtNO NO INTEREST.
OM domand and local tender
noto .. 8 (14(1.7.13.018 00
Cortillcatos of deposit fS0.8fi.".mO 0)
(lold certlflcntca 12.I,H8.'..4!W 00
Silver certificates lW,n79,Hl 00
Fractional atinonojr 8.376.KH 00
1.08 estimated as lost or do-
stroyod o.wni,nw m
Principal..
Prlncfpnl..
C0t,C2U,8C4 8S
TOTAL 1IBI1T. ,
$l,Sfi!),228,M3 14
lo,o.',;a:i 81
intorcst
Totfd fl,RS0,178,175 113
Ifoductfon of tho debt i 2M,7C3,2U5 77
I.uis iostvo 1 old for lolotnp
tion of UulUd States notes... 100,000.000 00
Total $ 3.-0,76.1,285 77
Totnl dout, less avallnblo cash
Items.. ... $1,623,408.80 21
Net cnBh In tl o treasury 49,710,67a 09
Dobt, less cnsli In tho treasury
Sept. 1, 1885 1,473,032,307 03
Debt, less cfinli in tlio treasury
Alltf. 1. 1W 1,470,571,359 69
DocruaFo of dobt during month
as shown by this gtatunioiit... 2,870,052 17
cash AVAibAni.R ron iushuctiox ok nisnT.
flnld linlil fnr cnM cnrtlflcatcs
notunllyoutitii.idltiK 8123,835,490 00
Silver hold tor sliver certlfl
catcsuotnnliyoutHlundlmf.... 90,079,290 00
Uulteil States notoi nolo for
c-nrllflnntPH of iln oilt. actual
ly oiiUmnilintr...'. 30,805,000 00
Cnsli held for matin o 1 debt nnd
Inton-st unpaid 6,031,435 Ofl
EYiiol o nil eurroncv s.oi l
TYilnl nvnlbililn for roduo-
tiou ol debt 250,703.205 77
ItKSKUVK FUND.
IIMd for redomptlo:! of Unlteil
n-nti"i mi I on. iw.t of .llllv 12.
1S82 $100,000,000 00
UNAVAII.AIIt.B roil IIEIJCUITION OK DEIIT.
l'rnctlomd silver coin 121,721.287 43
Minor coin 847.053 bO
Total $25,571,311 S3
CASH ON HAND.
Cortlflcntotliold nscusU Issued
but not oiitRtandlnif $60,014,120 00
Net cash biilnnoo on lund 49,710,52 69
Total enoh In treasury in
shown by treasurer's ginoral
account 492,005,329 75
Dociiy ofa (Ireat I'renrli IiuliiHtr.r.
A slory whicli furnislics its tiwn
nioral is iiiiblisliotl in a Kroncli ):iku.
During sovir:il conturius and up to tlio
year 1880, liio niaiiiifiiuttirc of 'old atitl
hilvut luces nnd fancy triiiinims con
.slilutcd nn important" industry and was
a sotircu of fircat jirolit lo till who
wore oiifrnjji'il in it. In l'aris tho tratlo
was prosperous and over 1,200 families
were supported by it. About two years
no tlio workmen concluded that tlio
manufacturers were making too much
monoy, ani, after holding a series of
meetings, resolved lo strike for higher
wages. Tho lnannfaeturers, who con
cluded Unit they were masters of tlio
situation, sent their orders to St. Etienne
nml other places where the tratlo was
carried on to a considerable extent.
For a time thoy were promptly filled,
but the Paris workmen sent deputations
to all tho towns in Franco where these
goods were manufact tired and induced
their colleagues to join in the strike for
higher wages. The strike of tho per
sons engaged in this branch of manu
facturing then became general through
out tho entire country and it was be
lieved that the manufacturers would be
obliged to conform to the demands of
tho workmen. They did not do so,
however. Tliev sent their orders to
(iront llritain, (iermany, Melgiuni and
Norway, where men we're glad to work
at the uty that Furls workmen had re
ceived. 'The result of the strike was
that tho men never returned to their
work, for the industry in France was
ruined. The men who endured in tho
strike were supported for a time by tho
memlicrs of other trades-unions, nut
were finally left to look out for them
selves. Itlostof them were ruined hnan
eiallv and their families were in want
of the common necessities of life. A
few moved to other countries, where
they engaged in their old business for
less than they formerly had received,
but most of them had no means to en
able them to emigrate and became com
mon laborers.
Tho (JoviTimicnt t'lerk.
So onorvatiiiB is the lifo iu tho de
partment, through littlo work and suro
pay, that tlio young man who has onco
experienced its relaxing inlluonco losoa
all good for active business life. Not
long ago a gentleman acqunintnnco of
miuo tried to secure the Hcrvices of u
young fellow employed in tho Interior
l)epartmont. The latter onco hud beon
noted for his energy, quickness and
activity; ho hud taken care of himaolf
since lio was a boy. His early lifo had
bred in him unusual habits of self
reliance, contldonce and enorgy. Three
yeiirs ago ho was ono of tho most faith
ful, untiring workers. A littlo over n
year ago ho soeurod, through u friend,
n place in tho luterior Department, at
it salary of $100 a month. It is u placo
whero he has not tho remotest ohtuico
of promotion. Through this year of
non-action tho hid wis beon thoroughly
ruined for netivo business. "When
offered tho other day n business place
with equal pay, with ohmices of promo
tion, but coupled with n slight risk, bo
fur us responsibilities nro concerned, ho
refused to come out of his snug nest,
whoro ho has nothing to do iiud no re
sponsibilities, to take the chnuces that
ii littlo over n year ugo ho would havo
snatched at eagerly as tho foundation
ol future fortune. Washington letter.
A circus nover runs too long for the
spectators, but lot t ronnon run over
forty m nutes, and tho congregation
can hardly nuiimgo to control tho r
prolan it v.
Quito tall: Who Is then tho sky-tall
young man there, my young ludvr"
'lllo is thu son of tho Mr. l.oeeklo."
anil what shall ho thou beoomor"
llo is to the church iutunded." 'To
thu churolt? SoP 1 tuouirut to thu
A UUMOUS CALCULATION.
The End of the World Figured Out, and the
Terloil Fixed at 11193.
Tho following singular and very
curious calculation, by which tho ap
proaching end of tlio world is deter
mined, lias never before been mado
known lo tho public, writes a Water
loo, Kan., correspondent of Thu Louis
ville Courier-Journal, and may bo of
vorji great interest lo those who havo
been studying tho prophecies, or
watching "tho progress of human
wonts. Ilelieve the results or not, as
wo may, nevertheless hero arc tho
ligtires, which any rentier can verify
for hinisolf. If these results aro hero
correctly foretold, then tlio startling
facts stares us in tho facu that tho
world is within iiftccn years of its
close. In tho fall of 18!W tlio final
winding up is to take place. Hero aro
tho calculations. Lot the reader care
fully examine them:
To begin. There mo several im
portant prophetic periods made known
in the scriptures, and various dates,
as well as significant numbers, such as
the ureal period of 2,1100 yours men
tioned by Daniel, thu period of 1,290
yours, and tlio poriod of 1,1135 years,
llesides these there aro iu tlio book cf
Itovclation other periods and signi
ficant numbers, such as tho 1,260
years tho period of the woman's so
journ iu the wilderness, 1,000 years
tho period of Satan's beina bound, and
COG tlio number ot the beast. Enoch's
ago (.'10,'j years), who prophesied of
the second advont among tlio ante
diluvian sinners, is also beyond all
question a symbolic number.
Perhaps, liko the 3C days which
complete tho ro7olution of "tho uarth
around tho sun, making one year, so
his !!05 years may be symbolic of tho
great prophetic periods known as
"days," ono grand revolution of which
is to complete ono of time's great
years and finish earth's career. "Sov
en" is also ono of the Bigniliount num
bers of scripture, and a "week of sev
ens" or 7 times 7, still moro so. Tho
student of scripture will readily recall
frequent iiistaneos of tiiis significant
figure 7, and especially tho moro im
portant one of 7 times 7, or -ID tlio
number of final completion, the finish
ing of all mysteries, the winding up of
earth's allairs.
Very well. Now, take theso ligtires,
add llicm together, and seo what you
got:
2,!i00 yours, Dan's great period for
the cleansing of tlio sanctuary.
1,290 years, measuring tho coutinu
iiico of tlio "abomination of desola
tion." 1,!!35 years, tho period of "blessed
ness" to the saints.
1,2(50 years, tlio duration of tho
woman's sojourn iu tho wilderness.
1,000 years, tlio binding of Satan.
GGO years, the number of the "boast"
who is to d into perdition.
!tGo years, tho symbolic ago of Enoch
tho groat prophet of the advent.
19 years, tlio number of final com
pletion. Total. 8.2Go years.
Now remember that boforo all the
catastrophes denounced on mankind
as the divine judgments against sin
there were usually periods of "wait
in r" beforo tho judgment full so as
to afford opportunity for rupontanco
and escape, and those periods multi
plies of 10, as, for example, beforo tho
Hood, 120 years; beforo tho conquest
of Canaan, 10 years; ami boforo tlio
fall of Nineveh, lOdavs, denounced by
the prophet Jonah. Now add together
120 years of Noah's warning boforo
tho Hood came, 40 years of Israel's
warning Iioforo judgment fell on tlio
guilty Canaanites, !U years that tlio
witnossos layd unburiod preparatory
to resurrection, ami tlirco years dur
ing which tlio owner of tho" vinoyard
came seeking fruit and finding none,
at the expiration of which poriod the
tig tree was to bo cut down, and you
have as tlio sum.
Now, to apply theso mystic numbers
ami learn their significance, imagine
your life divided into the four periods
of childhood, youth, manhood, and
old age, so as to get, it in its complete
ness. Take your ago in vears. leaving
off months and days, add it to itself
three times (one for each of thesu four
periods), adtl to it the mystic number
8.2G5 (the sum of the great prophetic
periods), in order to ascertain the full
sum of time's revolution, and divido
tho amount by four (tlio number of
universality, because the calculations
apply equally to every human being),
subtract front tho quotient tlio other
inystio number lOtll (periods of warn
ing given to man before tlio execution
of linal doom), and from tlio remain
der deduct tlio nuiubor of years you
li'ivo lived iu tins sublunary world,
and ou tret tho number 1,8UU.
Now it matters not what ago you
take, that of the little child or the old
mini, tlio result is the same, tho om
inous l.SDUJ always remains as tho ono
latal period when every human lifo is
to close. Hut tho ono your iu which
every human career is to terminate
and every life close must bo the linal
year, the winding up. the conclusion
of all sublunary tilings, tho year of
doom.
A singular confirmation of this cal
culation is to be I omul iu the fact that,
according to tin old Jewish tradition,
tho world was created in the fall of
tho year, of which tho old feast of
trumpets, occurring in October, was
supposed to bo tho memorial. And it
would bu natural to suppose that it
would be very appropriate for it to
close its career on thu completion of
one of its annual revolutions; in other
words, in the fall of the ear. Ami so this
remarkabo calculation plainly indi
cates. The throe-fourths singularly
points out thut fact. Hence, if thesu
conclusions aro not erroneous, wo
have tho startling prophecy before us
that when earth reaches "ono of her
groat milestones on the highway of
time iu October, 1899, a mighty hand
will be laid upon her and she will stop.
Lot the world louk out for 1899.
Durltiir our colouUl day a the cotton plant
vs Krouu only In prlvuW garden ns a rr
onUle. At llrt tlio Hut writ picked from tho
toed by liuml, mid u jiouiiJ ot ohnnod Hut us
n ilny'i work. I,et tkuiii ono hundred years
up) mucUliiory of nay sort tat not droained
o( fur mo with cotton, OmI) a littlo cotton
Mat sium by baud, nnd knit by the nam
uioaut lute huso. - 7Vnu fWm awl JAimcA,
Tlio Stato or Jlnlne.
Tho stato of Mamo is a good placo
in which to experiment with prohibi'
tion, but is not a good placo to farm
in very largely. In tho lirst placo, tho
season is generally a littlo reluctant.
When I was up near Moosohcad Lake
a short time ago, people wcro driving
across that body of water on the ice
with perfect impunity. That is one
tiling that interferes with tho farming
business in Maine. If a young man is
sleigh-riding every night till mid
night, ho don't feel liko hoeing corn
tho following day. Any man who has,
over had his feet fros't bitten while
buirging potatoes, will agreo with mo
that it takes away tho charm of pas
tornl pursuits. It is this desire to
amalgamate doe-days and Santa Clans
that has injured Maine as an agricul
tural hot-bod. Another reason that
might bu assigned for refraining from
agricultural pursuits in Maine, is that1
tlio agitator of tho soil finds, when it
is too late, that tho soil itself, whicli,
is essential to the successful propaga
tion of crops, has not been in Use in
Maine for years. While over tho
stato thero is a magnificent stono
foundation on which a farm might
safely rest, tho superstructure, or farm
proper, lias not beon secured. If I
had known when I passed through
Minnesota and Illinois what a soil
famino thero was in Maine I would
havo brought somo with mo. Tho
stono crop this year in Maino will bo
very great. If they do not crack open
during the dry weather thero will be a
great many. Tlio stonc-bruiso is also
looking unusually woll fortius season
of tho year, and chillblains woro iu
full bloom when I was there.
In the neighborhood of Fittsfiold the
country scums to run largely to cold
water and chattel mortgages. Komo
think that ruin has always kept Maino
back, but 1 claim that it has been wet
feet. Tho agricultural resources of
Fittslield and vicinity aro not great,
tho principal exports being spruce
gum and Christinas trees. Hero also
tlio huckleberry hath her home. lint'
the country seems to run largely to
Christmas" trees. They were not yet
in bloom when I visited tho stato, so
it was too early to gather popcorn
balls and Christmas presents.
Hero, near Fittslield, is tlio birth
plaoo of the only original wormles3
dried apple pie witli whicli wo gener
ally insult our gastric economy when
wo lunch along tlio railroad. Theso
pies, whon properly kiln-dried and
rivited, if fitted out with tho Yale
lime locks, nnke tho best liro and
burglar proof wormless pies of com
merce. Thoy take tho place of civil
war, and as a promoter of intestine
strifo they havo no equal. Tlio farms
of Maine are fenced iu witli stono
walls. I do not know why this is done,
for 1 did not see anything on theso
farms that fin' one would naturally
yearn to carry away with him. 1 saw
somo sheep in one of those enclosures.
Their steel pointed bills woro lying on
tho walls near them, and clioy woro
resting their jaws in tlio crisp' frosty
morning air. In another onclosuro a
farmer was planting clover seed with
a hypodermic syringe, and covering it
with a mustard plaster. Ho said that
lust year his clover was a complete'
failure because his mustard plasters
were no good. Ho had tried to savo
money by using second-hand mustard
plasters, and of courso tho clover
seed, missing tlio warm stimulus, nog
lectetl to rally, ami tho crop was a
failure.
Horo may bo noticed tho canvas
back moose and a strong antipathy to
good rum. 1 do not wonder that tho
people of Maine aro hostile to rum
if thoy judgo all rum by Maine ruin.
Tlio moose is ono of most gamoy of,
the finny tribe. Ho is caught in the
fall of tlio year with a double-barrel
shotgun and" a pair of snow siioes. Ho
does not bito unless irritated, but littlo
boys should not go near tho female
mooso while slio is on her nest. Tho
masculine moose wo.irs a hair lip and
u hat-rack on his head, to whicli is at
tached a placard, on which is printed:
i'i.i:asi: icmcr ovv Tin: ouass.
This shows that tlio moose is a hu
morist. Near Fca Cove L saw a strange
sight. A farmer was rowing around
his cranberry orchard in a skill". 1
stootl upon a stono wall and watchod
him for some time, bocauso I am
greatly interested in farming and
dearly love to watch any one olso who
may bo engaged iu manual labor. It
was a long timo beloro 1 could
niako out what lie was doing. At last,
however, 1 figured it out, and I was
very much surprised, indeed, for I
hail nover soon horticulture cuiricd on
lo that extent, and, as .Mr. Say ward
would remark, "1 thought ho was car
rying that thing too far." Many will
doubt my word, and 1 would not have
believed it mysolf if anyone else had
told me. Hut the man was actually
picking cranberries out of his submerg
ed orchard witli a stomach-pump. I
havo one of tho cranberries at home
now. Hill A'yc, t'n (he lloston Ulobo.
A Huekwoods Ilaiiquet.
A backwoods banquet Is dooribod by
a correspondent ot Tho Xein York
Journal of Commerce, who obtained a
night's accommodation at a secluded
farm-house in Now Hampshire: "Iu
the kitchen was a table, covered with
a clean white cloth, which was scarce
ly visible for tho multitude of good
things on it. Chief in color was a
central dish holding at least six quarts
of mountain strawberries, tenfold
richer in Havor than any cultivated
berries, tilling tho rjoms witli thoir
fruity odor. Flanking it on ono side
was a two-quart glass pitChor of cream,
so thick that, almost, a spoon would
stand up iu it; :im' " l'10 orher side a
like pitcher of milk, almost as thick as
the cream. There is no milk iu the
woritl. except perhaps in tlio Appen
ded, so rich as the milk of Jersey cat
tlo feeding on the lrghland grass of
Northern Vermont and New Hamp
shire. 1 pass over too solids which
where on tho table, but count seven
kinds of tint) eako, fruit cake, lady
onku, frosted pound cuke four other
kinds, without counting tho dough
nuts." It U ocUitutud tlut Nlmi8k lit planUd
ami tut Brewing r;Kl,0O),oad fo?twt ta'i. Thii
Imood tor tMiuty-rlvo year' work
FA113I MANAOKME.NT.
Sowing Rye for Paunre Prodncinz Pork at
...v ... ,fi;ii..i
Some Reasons Why the Kciilns: of Sheep Is so
Unprofitable Oilier Topics.
Sow a Field of 11) e.
Ryo is ono of tho most important
crops that can bo grown, not only for
tho value of its grain and straw but on
uccount of the variety of purposes to
which it can be applied. The grain is
readily salable, and is also fed to
horses on somo farms, while its straw
is considered superior to all other
kinds, owing to its length and superior
quality, as bedding. It can bo con
veniently handled, and is clean and
frco from dust as compared with
shorter kinds. Every farmer should
sow a Held of rye for early pasture
It can be put in tho ground iu tho fall,
as it is very hardy and stands the win
ter in all sections of the country,
springing up early in tiio spring, long
before other grasses havo begun lo
start. Farmers who have hud difficul
ty in keeping their stock in healthy
condition when fed through a long
winter on dry food know how eagerly
the early ryo is relished. Objections
have been made to rye as containing
ergot, which is injurious, but all grains
and grasses aro equally unfortunato in
that respect. Tlio diilictilty is duo
more to improper management than to
any injurious substanco contained in
tlio crop. When stock havo been de
prived of roots or ensilage, and eon
lined to a dry diet, thoy are liable to
cat too much green ryo whon turned
upon it too early. IJy allowing tho
stock but a short period upon tho ryo
field in tlio beginning, and gradually
extending tlio timo daily, but littlo iu
jury will bo done, but if tlio stock re
ceives no care, and the ryo lieltl is
given up to tho animals, tho result will
ho diarrhoa and debility. This may
bo followed by abortion among tlio
cows duo to physical weakness, but
whicli is attributed to ergot. Tho i-e-sult
is the same when stock suddenly
secures a surfeit of early grass. As
ergot seldom exists in young-growing
rye, tho stock may bo pastured upon
tho field until tho period arrives for
allowing tho crop to attain maturity.
If damage is done bv ergot it is whon
stock is kept upon the ryo when in its
advanced stage.
Ityo also makes oxcollent pasturago
in tho fall, though it is generally re
served for spring. In addition to its
advantages as a cattle food it is an ex
cellent crop for sheep, whicli may bo
hurdled upon it with economy if the
hurdles are moved daily, as sheep
graze very closely. To the poultry
uian ryo is a boon, no other crop sup
plying its place, and it will do much to
prevent hog cholera when the swine
aro confined upon corn, provided an
allowance bo mowed and fed in con
nection with tlio corn. Tlio swine will
bo more thrifty and fatten moro read
ily with its assistance than when corn
alono is used.
If good judgment bo exorcisod in
selecting seed frco froiudisuaso or ad
mixture of weeds, rye is a healthful
grass crop. It is best to be suspicious
of all grains, as spores may exist
among them. Thoy may bo easily
destroyed by soaking tho scetl twenty
four hours in a solution of ono pound
of blue vitriol (sulphate of copper) to
four gallons of water. Then mix tlio
seed with dry land plaster, and if
intended for pasturage, sow as thick
ly as the land will bear. Tho soil
should bo first gotten into a lino con
dition, and tho seed should bo covorod
with a harrow.
Ryo is the clovor of poor sandy soils.
It thrives ami nourishes where" other
grain crops would perish, but does
best on good land or such as has been
fertilized. If sown in tlio fall ami
plowed under in tlio spring, and a
slight application of lime given tho
soil, it will furnish material for tho
formation of humus, and will largely
increase thoyiold of a coi n crop, which
may follow it; but if Iho soil is poor it
is best to plow under the ryo anil fol
iow it with buckwheat "or millet,
which may in turn bo plowed under
beforo using lime. Ryo may thou bu
sowetl again, and if plowed' undor in
tho spring tlio land will bo greatly in
creased iu fertility. Grazing tloes not
injuro it as a grain crop, but rather
benefits it, thus rendering it service
able both for pasturago and for grain.
Producing Pork.
It has been charged against tho hog
that ho docs not pay expenses on some
farms. With tho cholera devastating
tho bonis- in many sections, anil tho
lluctuations iu tho prices for pork, hog
raising hasrocoived quite a number of
discouraging checks; but iu the major
ity of cases the business has failed
from not taking advantage of tho op
portunities which present thcmsolvos
on every farm. In thu first placo, tlio
farniors must sooner or lator recog
nize tho fact that good cheap pork can
bo produced without feeding corn tlio
whole year. The com crib and tho
hog pen hnvo been mado nisoparablo,
though at the same time there aro cor
tain portions of the year whon corn is
tho most inappropriate food that can
bo allowed.
Examination by exports into tho
causes of diseases among swine have
resulted in attributing such results to
tho feeding of corn exclusively. Tlio
corn itself in not roally injurious, but
it is a lack of a variety of food that
causes tho dilliculty. Com is a hoat
iiii ami a fftt-forniing food, possess
ing but littlo that serves to supply
bono and (issue, hence the animal
perishes in tho midst of plenty, simply
boeaiifco tho Imdy can not renew itsolf,
though loadod" down with fat. A
growing pig li only oneuuiberod when
tat, ami should bo supplied with suit
able food for tho growth, but also with
coarso, bulky substance that sorvo to
distend the stomach, regulate the
bowels and aid digestion.
It is generally conceded that whon
young pigs huo tho rt'ii of a clover
imstiiro they thrive nud grow rapidly.
Msoaso seldom occurs whon thoy aro
so kept, and thoy apparently cause
but little espouse. Rut somo farmers
object to turning a lnrg number of
hogs on ihrtolovor, claiming that thov
do enough damage to more than off
set tho gain over the plan of fuelling
Ilium in conlituuuont. The hog, there
fore, may bo made an expensive tuii
uul ualew fed iu such r inauner us to
utilizo tlia. which would bo of but lit
tlo value, in addition to moro costlv
substances. By feeding tho sows well
when tlio pigs como iu thoy will pro
vide sufficient nourishment to give the
pigs n good start. This is a very im
portant point to observe, as tho lirst
six weeks of a pig's cxistenco deter
mines his uscluluess in the future.
Thoy should never be ullowed to miss
a meal, nnd should bo pushed forward
as rapidly as possible, both by feeding
the dam highly and providing them
with a variety of food.
It the pasture is too valuable for the
pigs tho cheapest mode of feeding
them is to allow a thin slop three times
a day, made of water and shipstufl
(middlings). No corn or nioal should
be used in any form, as growth is the
object that should bo sought. Rotween
tho threo meals cut tho clover nud
throw it into the pen for them. And
not only clover, but weeds and unde
sirable grasses. A hog. liko a sheep,
will consume nearly all plants that
come up on tiio farm, and will thrive
weli on ninny kinds that aro of no
valuo otherwise. Furslaino ami plan
tain aro delicacies to a hog, and even
crap grass is eagerly devoured by him.
Cooked food has not been recommend,
ed, as it may entail labor, but the
roots aro excellent. Potatoes, turnips
boots, carrots, parsnips and sweet po
tatoes give largo yields, and, with
clover and woods will furnish an ex
cellent variety, enabling the soft mess
of shipstulV to bo reduced to ono a day
tho evening meal. With a variety
of such footl tho cost of procuring
pork will bo very little, especially it
thero is a suHiciut number of animals
to compel the constant care of ono
person. When the" pigs havo become
hogs, and their frames aro largo and
ready for receiving the fat. thou tlio
corn may be fed and tho hogs mado
ready for tlio butcher as soon as pos
sible, but even when footling corn it
should lie fed in connection with bulky
food, and tlio animals will thrive bet
ter and gain more rapidly.
Keeping Slieop.
Just now when wool is bringing low
prices tlio remark is frequently madu
'.'Keeping sheep don t pay. ' it is oo
lieved, liowovcr, that sheep properly
managed will pay as well as any va
riety of live stock or any branch ol
fanning. We may, therefore, proper
ly consider the question, how can they
be made to pay ami why thoy do not
pay now.
One reason why ehecp do not paj- is
that thoy aro not kept woll enough.
Thero is a greater tendency to over
stock with sheep than with any other
stock, and in consequence thoy do not
havo enough or the right kind of feed.
Our common Merinos, which arj
greatly the majority in numbers, need
pasture on dry soil. They do not liko
rank herbage or wet soils. Tho latter
are absolutely unhealthy for them,
nnd while lliey may run on them iu
tho early part of tho season, they
should not be confined to them then,
and lator in tlio fall should bo abso
lutely excluded from them. Some of
tho British broods will endure wet
soils better than the Merino. Second,
although Merino sheep will run
in largo Hooks and do woll, thoy will
do much bettor in smaller Hocks, and
unless tho Hooks aro small and tho
rango abundant thoy will do better for
ireuuent change of pasture. Wo think
a Hold divided anil "the shoep turned
in each half alternately for ono or two
weeks, nover allowing tho grass to got
vory rank, will keep moro sheep and
keep them hotter than if thoy wcro
kept in tiio ono largo Hold tho whole
timo, as thoy frequently aro, and yet
with frequent chango and close
attention thoy can bo woll stock
ed with sheep and havo thorn d
woll.
Another groat point is bettor sheep.
At this time, instead of soiling off tho
whole Hook for littlo or nothing anil
going out of tlio business in disgust,
select a portion of tlio host of tho Hook
and di-poso of the rest. It may possi
bly be found that thoso kept will pay
as much profit as did tlio wholo Hock
and pay woll for keeping. On many
cheap lands slieop can not bo oxpoctotl
to do thoir best, but in such cases thoy
aro generally tho most prolitablo stock
that can bo kept.
In England, on their high-priced
lands, sheep havo been considered as
prolitablo as any class of livo stock;
and why should thoy not bo? It has
been demonstrated that a good class
of mutton sheep will grow as much
moat on tlio same food as will cuttle,
and although mutton docs not rule
nuito as high iu prico as boot-, tho
wool, even at tho present low prices,
will more than make tlio difference in
favor of tho sheep. This refers to
mutton broods grown exclusively for
moat. Thoy can bo turned olT at nn
early ago and aro suited to small
farms of ricli soil and good caro. In
such places wo boliovo them prolita
blo. Rut thoy need a little better
feeding and more caro than many
farmers aro accustomed to give to
sheep. Of the great muss ot sheep on
Michigan farms that aro of Merino
blood "and aro kept for wool and in tho
ond mutton, the) should bo bred with
rororonco to size anil feed ng quality
as well as wool, and turned oil to bo
roplaced by youngor slieop as soou as
thoy bogin to decline or vory soon af
ter thoy reach thoir best. Thoro is
no profit in keeping an old owe that
has lost hof teeth, uuloss shoboawell
bred ono iu a stud Hook. Rut thoy can
bo found every whoro and aro a source
of loss to the Hock. What tho ilocks
need is not extermination, but hotter
breeding, moro caro to growth and
health and adaptation of broods to lo
cation and use. In such ways can
sheep bo mado to pay.
Minor Topics.
Young broods should bo fod sepa
rate from oldor chickeus and adult
fowls.
A littlo salt in tho soft food given
the fowls is acceptable to thorn. It
should not oxceetl in quantity the
amount used in food for the table.
Paris greon can bo used to dostrov
nearly all loaf-oatir.g insects which
work upon trees beforo the fruit is hall
rlpo. It is tlio most ell'eotivo of all
remedies against the canker worm. It
is also a good remedy for tho first
brood of tho coiHling moth larvto, oi
applo worms. London purple it
cheaper than Paris greon nud may bt
use'A iu tho iuuio manner.
cold thut cutis lu roup.
church steeple."